Preformulation Aspects of Insoluble Compounds

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Qin (Tony) Tong ◽  
Hong Wen
Keyword(s):  
Insoluble Compounds

Influence of Granulometric Composition and Type of Fillers and Additives on the Strength and Biostability of Cement Composites Based on Dry Building Mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 1043 ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Suraeva ◽  
Tatyana Elchishcheva ◽  
Dmitry Svetlov ◽  
Vasiliy Smirnov ◽  
Victor Afonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Fungal Resistance ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Cement Binder ◽  
Insoluble Compounds

The structure of filled cementitious composite materials is formed as a result of hardening with the formation of a crystalline framework. The filler is involved in the building material crystal system structure formation. Chemically active fillers promote intensive release of hydration products that bind into insoluble compounds and increase the system stability. When developing the formulations for dry building mixtures, it is effective to use several fillers with different properties that complement each other, and biocidal additives increasing the materials resistance to environment effects formed by mold fungi. To create modified dry building mixtures based on cement binder, materials such as filler made of quartz sand of various fractions, fillers chrysotile and clinoptilolite and biocidal additives of the Teflex series were used. The composition with sand grains of 0.16–0.315 mm in size showed high strength properties in bending and compression. The introduction of chrysotile in an amount of 3% by weight of cement and quartz sand with a particle size of 0.16–0.315 mm increases the compressive and flexural strength by 7 and 13%, respectively, compared with the control composition. Clinoptilolite, introduced in an amount of 20% of the cement mass instead of one of the quartz sand fractions, increases the compressive strength of the composites up to 5%. The introduction of the Teflex series additives in the amount of at least 1% by weight of the binder ensures the composites’ fungal resistance. The additive “Teflex disinfectant” in an amount of at least 3% of the cement mass gives the composites fungicidal properties, the zone of no fungal growth on the nutrient solution near the infected samples is 4 mm.

Peat as Sorbent for Cu2+ and Cr3+ Ions

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Robalds ◽  
M. Klavins ◽  
A. Zicmanis
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Waste Waters ◽  
Natural Sorbent ◽  
High Sorption Capacity ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
The Common ◽  
Insoluble Compounds

Peat as Sorbent for Cu2+ and Cr3+ Ions Heavy metals as trace elements can often be found in industrial waste waters, and their discharge to the environment is a significant threat due to their acute toxicity to the aquatic and terrestrial life. The common methods used for removal of toxic metals and trace elements from the municipal and industrial waste waters are based on their adsorption onto insoluble compounds - sorbents. Synthetic sorbents usually are quite expensive; therefore, as a prospective approach to the metal removal, the use of a natural sorbent - peat - was tested. Peat as sorbent was proved to have a relatively high sorption capacity in respect to the studied metal ions, it can be used batchwise and in a dynamic regime and is a relatively robust and reliable sorbent regarding pH, the ionic strength, and the amounts of sorbed metal.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic and clastogenic effects of soluble and insoluble compounds containing hexavalent and trivalent chromium

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
A G Levis ◽  
F Majone
Keyword(s):  
Trivalent Chromium ◽  
Insoluble Compounds

scholarly journals Improving the intestinal mucosal cell uptake of water insoluble compounds

1985 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.L. Amidon ◽  
B.H. Stewart ◽  
S. Pogany
Keyword(s):  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Insoluble Compounds ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Cell

The Uptake and Localization of Catecholamines in Chick Embryo Sympathetic Neurons in Tissue Culture

1969 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-691
Author(s):  
J. M. ENGLAND ◽  
M. N. GOLDSTEIN
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Dense Core Granules ◽  
Insoluble Compounds ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglion Cells

The uptake of exogenous [3H]dopamine, [3H]norepinephrine,[3H]epinephrine by dissociated chick embryo sympathetic neurons growing in tissue culture was studied by autoradiography. The neurons, growing in a medium containing nerve growth factor, rapidly and specifically took up all three catecholamines for at least 60 days, while no uptake was observed in several other cell types, including satellite cells and chick dorsal-root ganglion cells. The uptake was dependent on the concentration of the catecholamine and the duration of the pulse and was inhibited by cocaine and several sympathomimetic amines. Labelling was visualized only with fixatives which react with catecholamines to form water-insoluble compounds. Autoradiographs showed that the label was much denser over the axons than the cell bodies. The label was distributed uniformly along the axons and did not seem to be preferentially localized at the axon terminals or varicosities which contain aggregates of dense core granules. These observations indicate that a large portion of the exogenous 3[H]catecholamine is localized in an extragranular compartment and suggest that the differentiated function of the sympathetic neuronal cell membrane, which plays an important role in uptake, is retained after prolonged tissue culture.

Liposomal integration method for assessing antioxidative activity of water insoluble compounds towards biologically relevant free radicals: example of avarol

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-226
Author(s):  
Đura Nakarada ◽  
Boris Pejin ◽  
Giuseppina Tommonaro ◽  
Miloš Mojović
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Integration Method ◽  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Insoluble Compounds

Applications of Complexation in the Formulation of Insoluble Compounds

2008 ◽  
pp. 133-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Qin (Tony) Tong ◽  
Hong Wen
Keyword(s):  
Insoluble Compounds

scholarly journals A Comparison of Reproducibility of Inductively Coupled Spectrometric Techniques in Soil Metal Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117862211986900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Nyika ◽  
Ednah Onyari ◽  
Megersa Olumana Dinka ◽  
Shivani Bhardwaj Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Insoluble Compounds

Precise estimation of metals in samples remains a challenge as a result of analytical biases and errors, which occur at sample collection, preparation, and measurement stages. A poor understanding of the nature and occurrence of these errors further aggravates this challenge. This study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) and optical emission spectrometry (OES) techniques in quantifying metals from contaminated soils of Roundhill landfill vicinity. Using statistical tools, the study evaluated biases of the 2 methods. High coefficients of variation were realized for V, Cr, and Pb concentrations varied at various sampling sites. Concentrations of elements obtained using the 2 methods had no significant differences using t-test analysis. Definitive agreement for the 2 methods was observed for V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Sr, and Pb concentrations, whereas the concentrations of Mg, Ca, Ti, Mn, and Fe showed some deviations in their regression lines. Spectral, systematic, memory, and carry over errors could be attributable to these deviations. The errors promote chelation and adsorption of ions in samples to form insoluble compounds that cannot be quantified. Overall, ICP-MS had greater sensitivity than ICP-OES in trace elements analysis compared with major elements.

scholarly journals The formation of glycoproteins in tissues of higher plants. Specific labelling with d-[l-14C]glucosamine

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 999-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Roberts ◽  
A. B. Connor ◽  
J. J. Cetorelli
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽  
Radioactive Product ◽  
Insoluble Compounds ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Specific Labelling

1. Radioactivity from d-[l-14C]glucosamine is incorporated into ethanol-insoluble compounds of high molecular weight in a number of plant tissues, including roots of corn (Zea mays), callus cells of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), axenic cultures of duckweed (Lemna minor) and germinating seedlings of corn, broad bean (Vicia faba) and barley (Hordeum vulgare). 2. Except in the case of Lemna, where some of the radioactivity was recovered in glucose, hydrolysis of these ethanol-insoluble materials with acid released [14C]glucosamine as the major radioactive product. 3. The labelled compounds isolated from Zea roots and the Acer cells are believed to be glycoproteins rather than polysaccharides on the basis of their solubility properties, their charge characteristics and their susceptibility to hydrolysis by 0.5m-potassium hydroxide and by the proteases trypsin and Pronase. Further, radioactive peptides were isolated and purified after Pronase treatment and shown to contain glucosamine as well as a number of amino acids. 4. The experiments therefore indicate that d-[14C]glucosamine can be used as a specific precursor of the amino sugar units of plant as well as animal glycoproteins.

scholarly journals Pyridine-2,6-Bis(Thiocarboxylic Acid) Produced by Pseudomonas stutzeri KC Reduces and Precipitates Selenium and Tellurium Oxyanions

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3119-3129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna M. Zawadzka ◽  
Ronald L. Crawford ◽  
Andrzej J. Paszczynski
Keyword(s):  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Hydrolysis Product ◽  
Pseudomonas Stutzeri ◽  
Elemental Selenium ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Thiocarboxylic Acid ◽  
Insoluble Compounds ◽  
Initial Line

ABSTRACT The siderophore of Pseudomonas stutzeri KC, pyridine-2,6-bis(thiocarboxylic acid) (pdtc), is shown to detoxify selenium and tellurium oxyanions in bacterial cultures. A mechanism for pdtc's detoxification of tellurite and selenite is proposed. The mechanism is based upon determination using mass spectrometry and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry of the chemical structures of compounds formed during initial reactions of tellurite and selenite with pdtc. Selenite and tellurite are reduced by pdtc or its hydrolysis product H2S, forming zero-valent pdtc selenides and pdtc tellurides that precipitate from solution. These insoluble compounds then hydrolyze, releasing nanometer-sized particles of elemental selenium or tellurium. Electron microscopy studies showed both extracellular precipitation and internal deposition of these metalloids by bacterial cells. The precipitates formed with synthetic pdtc were similar to those formed in pdtc-producing cultures of P. stutzeri KC. Culture filtrates of P. stutzeri KC containing pdtc were also active in removing selenite and precipitating elemental selenium and tellurium. The pdtc-producing wild-type strain KC conferred higher tolerance against selenite and tellurite toxicity than a pdtc-negative mutant strain, CTN1. These observations support the hypothesis that pdtc not only functions as a siderophore but also is involved in an initial line of defense against toxicity from various metals and metalloids.

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