Transgenic Plants for the Improvement of Field Characteristics Limiting Crop Production

1999 ◽  
pp. 235-290
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Crop Production

scholarly journals Purple acid phosphatase 10c encodes a major acid phosphatase that regulates plant growth under phosphate-deficient conditions in rice

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (14) ◽  
pp. 4321-4332
Author(s):  
Suren Deng ◽  
Linghong Lu ◽  
Jingyi Li ◽  
Zezhen Du ◽  
Tongtong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Purple Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Native Promoter ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression ◽  
Major Acid

Abstract Whilst constitutive overexpression of particular acid phosphatases (APases) can increase utilization of extracellular organic phosphate, negative effects are frequently observed in these transgenic plants under conditions of inorganic phosphate (Pi) sufficiency. In this study, we identified rice purple acid phosphatase 10c (OsPAP10c) as being a novel and major APase that exhibits activities associated both with the root surface and with secretion. Two constructs were used to generate the OsPAP10c-overexpression plants by driving its coding sequence with either a ubiquitin promoter (UP) or the OsPAP10c-native promoter (NP). Compared with the UP transgenic plants, lower expression levels and APase activities were observed in the NP plants. However, the UP and NP plants both showed a similar ability to degrade extracellular ATP and both promoted root growth. The growth performance and yield of the NP transgenic plants were better than the wild-type and UP plants in both hydroponic and field experiments irrespective of the level of Pi supply. Overexpression of APase by its native promoter therefore provides a potential way to improve crop production that might avoid increased APase activity in untargeted tissues and its inhibition of the growth of transgenic plants.

scholarly journals Enhanced Expression of Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Protein 2 Improves Cotton Fiber Length and Potential Economic Viability of Gossypium Arboreum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsa Amat-ur-Rasool ◽  
Ayesha Latif ◽  
Aneela Yasmeen ◽  
Naila Shahid ◽  
Saira Azam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Cotton Leaf ◽  
Gossypium Arboreum ◽  
Plasma Membrane Intrinsic Protein ◽  
Intrinsic Protein ◽  
Enhanced Expression

Abstract Background: Gossypium arboreum is a cotton crop native to tropical and subtropical regions that are naturally resistant to Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV). However, its cultivation is unfavorable due to the lower quality and shorter fiber length of cotton when compared to the market leading Gossypium hirsutum. Plasma membrane intrinsic protein 2 (PIP2) is an aquaporin responsible for the transport of water and small molecules across cellular membranes. This fluid transport influences cell elongation and cotton fibre development. Hence, increased PIP2 expression may yield plants with enhanced fiber qualities including length. Methods and Results: To test this hypothesis, G. arboretum was transformed with a PIP2 gene construct (35SCpPIP2)using the Agrobacterium-mediated shoot apex cutting method. Relative expression of the CpPIP2 gene in transgenic plants increased up to 35-fold when compared with non-transgenic controls. Transgenic plants displayed a corresponding increase of staple length (up to 150%) when compared with non-transgenic controls. Transgene integration was examined using FISH and karyotyping and revealed the presence of a single transgene located on chromosome 6. Conclusion: Since G. arboreum is naturally whitefly and CLCuV resistant, this improvement of fiber length evidenced for CpPIP2 transgenic plants renders their crop production more economically viable.

scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9-mediated resistance to cauliflower mosaic virus

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijie Liu ◽  
Cara L. Soyars ◽  
Jianhui Li ◽  
Qili Fei ◽  
Guijuan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coat Protein ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Coat Proteins ◽  
Small Interfering Rnas ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Virus Control

SummaryViral diseases are a leading cause of worldwide yield losses in crop production. Breeding of resistance genes (R gene) into elite crop cultivars has been the standard and most cost-effective practice. However, R gene-mediated resistance is limited by the available R genes within genetic resources and in many cases, by strain specificity. Therefore, it is important to generate new and broad-spectrum antiviral strategies. The CRISPR-Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat, CRISPR-associated) editing system has been employed to confer resistance to human viruses and several plant single-stranded DNA geminiviruses, pointing out the possible application of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for virus control. Here we demonstrate that strong viral resistance to cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), a pararetrovirus with a double-stranded DNA genome, can be achieved through Cas9-mediated multiplex targeting of the viral coat protein sequence. We further show that small interfering RNAs (siRNA) are produced and mostly map to the 3' end of guide RNAs (gRNA), although very low levels of siRNAs map to the spacer region as well. However, these siRNAs are not responsible for the inhibited CaMV infection because there is no resistance if Cas9 is not present. We have also observed edited viruses in systematically infected leaves in some transgenic plants, with short deletions or insertions consistent with Cas9-induced DNA breaks at the gRNA target sites in coat protein coding sequence. These edited coat proteins, in most cases, led to earlier translation stop and thus, non-functional coat proteins. We also recovered wild-type CP sequence in these infected transgenic plants, suggesting these edited viral genomes were packaged by wild-type coat proteins. Our data demonstrate that the CRISPR-Cas9 system can be used for virus control against plant pararetroviruses with further modifications.

scholarly journals Comparison of in vitro and in planta toxicity of Vip3A for lepidopteran herbivores

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hassaan Khan ◽  
Georg Jander ◽  
Zahid Mukhtar ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Muhammad Sarwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Artificial Diet ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Corn Earworm ◽  
Tobacco Budworm ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Planta

AbstractAgricultural pest infestation is as old as domestication of food crops and contributes a major share to the cost of crop production. Transgenic production of Vip3A, an insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis, effectively controls lepidopteran pests. A synthetic vip3A gene was evaluated its efficacy against Spodoptera litura (cotton leafworm), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm), Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm), Helicoverpa zea (corn earworm), Heliothis virescens (tobacco budworm), and Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm). In artificial diet assays, the Vip3A concentration causing 50% mortality was H. zea > H. virescens > S. exigua > H. armigera > M. sexta > S. frugiperda > S. litura. In contrast, on vip3A transgenic tobacco the order of resistance (time until 50% lethality) was M. sexta > H. virescens > S. litura > H. zea > H. armigera > S. exigua > S. frugiperda. There was no significant correlation between the artificial diet and transgenic tobacco effects. Notably, the two insect species that are best-adapted for growth on tobacco, M. sexta and H. virescens, showed the greatest tolerance of vip3A-transgenic tobacco. This may indicate synergistic effects of Vip3A and endogenous plant defense mechanisms, e.g. nicotine, to which M. sexta and H. virescens would have greater resistance. Together, our results show that artificial diet assays are a poor predictor of Vip3A efficacy in transgenic plants, lepidopteran species vary in their sensitivity to Vip3A in diet-dependent manner, and that host plant adaptation of the targeted herbivores should be considered when designing transgenic plants for pest control.

scholarly journals The MYB33, MYB65, and MYB101 transcription factors affect Arabidopsis and potato responses to drought by regulating the ABA signaling pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Wyrzykowska ◽  
Dawid Bielewicz ◽  
Patrycja Plewka ◽  
Dorota Sołtys-Kalina ◽  
Iwona Wasilewicz-Flis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Response To Water

AbstractAimsDrought is a climate threat limiting crop production. Potato is one of the four most important food crops worldwide and is sensitive to water shortage. The CBP80 gene was shown to affect plant response to drought by regulating the level of microRNA159, and, consequently, the levels of the MYB33 and MYB101 transcription factors. (TF) Our studies aimed to show whether indeed the level of MYB33, MYB65, and MYB101 TFs affects plant response to water shortage.MethodsArabidopsis transgenic plants exhibiting downregulation and Arabidopsis and potato transgenic plants exhibiting overexpression of selected MYB TFs were obtained. Plants response to drought was mainly measured using relative water content (RWC) and stomata closure upon exogenous ABA.ResultsThree MYB TFs studied are involved in plant response to drought. When downregulated in Arabidopsis, the MYB33, MYB65 and MYB101 genes cause stomatal hyposensitivity to ABA, leading to reduced tolerance to drought. Transgenic Arabidopsis and potato plants overexpressing a mutated version of these genes with changed miR159 recognition site, show hypersensitivity to ABA and relatively high tolerance to drought conditions.ConclusionsThe MYB33, MYB65, and MYB101 genes are good be potential targets for innovative breeding to obtain crops with relatively high tolerance to drought.

scholarly journals RNAi for plant improvement and protection

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Plant Improvement

Abstract This book contains a series of chapters reviewing the current scientific knowledge on RNAi, methods for developing RNAi systems in transgenic plants and a range of applications for crop improvement, crop production and crop protection. Some chapters examine both endogenous systems in transgenic plants and exogenous systems where interfering RNAs are applied to target plants, pests and pathogens. The biosafety of these different systems is examined and methods for risk assessment for food, feed and environmental safety are discussed. Finally, aspects of the regulation of technologies exploiting RNAi and the socioeconomic impacts of RNAi technologies are discussed.

Bok Choy, an Asian Leafy Green Vegetable Emerging in Florida

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (6) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Hai Liu ◽  
Guodong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Extension Agents ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Green Vegetable ◽  
General Overview

Asian vegetable crops are rapidly expanding in Florida in the last decade due to their health benefits combined with their high profitability. These crops can help increase vegetable growers’ income and diversify Florida’s crop production, and they are new to most Floridians. This new 5-page article provides a general overview of bok choy for vegetable growers, crop consultants, certified crop advisors, Extension agents, and graduate students. Written by Hai Liu and Guodong Liu and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1337

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