Bio-structural Energy Criteria of Functional States in Normal and Pathological Conditions

2013 ◽  
pp. 25-40
Keyword(s):  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Functional States

Protein folding and its links with human disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Berry
Keyword(s):  
Complex Problem ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Amyloid Aggregates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Functional States

The ability of proteins to fold to their functional states following synthesis in the intracellular environment is one of the most remarkable features of biology. Substantial progress has recently been made towards understanding the fundamental nature of the mechanism of the folding process. This understanding has been achieved through the development and concerted application of a variety of novel experimental and theoretical approaches to this complex problem. The emerging view of folding is that it is a stochastic process, but one biased by the fact that native-like interactions between residues are, on average, more stable than non-native ones. The sequences of natural proteins have emerged through evolutionary processes such that their unique native states can be found very efficiently even in the complex environment inside a living cell. But under some conditions proteins fail to fold correctly, or to remain correctly folded, in living systems, and this failure can result in a wide range of diseases. One group of diseases, known as amyloidoses, which includes Alzheimer's disease and the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, involves deposition of aggregated proteins in a variety of tissues. These diseases are particularly intriguing because evidence is accumulating that the formation of the highly organized amyloid aggregates is a generic property of polypeptides, and not simply a feature of the few proteins associated with recognized pathological conditions. That such aggregates are not normally found in properly functional biological systems is again a testament to evolution, in this case of a variety of mechanisms inhibiting their formation. Understanding the nature of such protective mechanisms is a crucial step in the development of strategies to prevent and treat these debilitating diseases.

scholarly journals Surgical Rehabilitation of Patients with Atypical Anatomical and Functional States after Radical Organ-Preserving Operations for Non-Tumour Colon Diseases

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
V. M. Melnyk ◽  
O. I. Poida ◽  
Abdulrakhman Abdul Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Functional States ◽  
Colon Diseases ◽  
Radical Reconstruction ◽  
Surgical Operations

The aim of the work: to demonstrate modern possibilities and ways of providing rehabilitation of patients after radical surgical treatment of non-tumour colon diseases with available non-typical anatomical and functional states. Materials and Methods. The system of surgical rehabilitation measures was developed, which was used in 32 patients with available atypical anatomical and functional states after radical organ-preserving operations in non-tumour colon diseases. They are aimed at implementing sufficiently radical, reconstruction and restoration operations, forecasting and preventing postoperative complications, improving functional results, reducing the incidence and severity of severe forms of diarrhea and postcolectomy syndromes. Results and Discussion. In 2 (6.3 %) patients there were complications due to the implementation of reconstruction and restoration stage of surgical intervention. They led to the necessity of extirpation of the anal canal fistula, removal of ileoendoanal anastomosis, and the formation of a lifelong ileostomy. In 30 (93.7 %) patients, favourable functional results were obtained, and a significant level of surgical and social work rehabilitation was achieved. A significant level of rehabilitation of operated patients was achieved through the implementation of sufficiently radical and developed reconstruction and restoration operations that prevented the relapse of the disease, the emergence of pathological conditions caused by the removal of the large intestine; prognostication and purposeful prevention of severe postoperative complications, stage monitoring of the condition of operated patients. Conclusions. 1. Surgical rehabilitation of patients operated for serious non-tumour colon diseases is a complex of organizational and therapeutic and prophylactic means aimed at returning to a society of a citizen sufficiently adapted to the conditions of modern society. Surgical rehabilitation of patients with atypical anatomical and functional states in the radical surgical treatment of non-tumour colon diseases requires further improvement of surgical treatment methods and lifelong monitoring of the condition of operated patients. 3. Performing sufficiently radical surgical operations, developing new reconstruction and rehabilitation operations for existing non-typical anatomical and functional states contributed to the provision of favourable functional results, a significant level of surgical and social and labour rehabilitation in 93.7% of patients.

Morphological and elemental analysis of isolated incubated frog retina-choroid

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
B. J. Panessa-Warren ◽  
J. B. Warren ◽  
H. W. Kraner
Keyword(s):  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Human Retina ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Frog Retina ◽  
Isolated Retina ◽  
Vertebrate Eye ◽  
Retina Pigment Epithelium

Our previous studies have demonstrated that abnormally high amounts of calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) can be accumulated in human retina-choroid under pathological conditions and that barium (Ba), which was not detected in the eyes of healthy individuals, is deposited in the retina pigment epithelium (RPE), and to a lesser extent in the sensory retina and iris. In an attempt to understand how these cations can be accumulated in the vertebrate eye, a morphological and microanalytical study of the uptake and loss of specific cations (K, Ca,Ba,Zn) was undertaken with incubated Rana catesbiana isolated retina and RPE preparations. Large frogs (650-800 gms) were dark adapted, guillotined and their eyes enucleated in deep ruby light. The eyes were hemisected behind the ora serrata and the anterior portion of the eye removed. The eyecup was bisected along the plane of the optic disc and the two segments of retina peeled away from the RPE and incubated.

An Ultrastructural Study of the Proliferation Patterns of the Reserve Cells of the Human Cervix Uteri

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 80-81
Author(s):  
Takanori Sohda ◽  
Hiroshi Saito ◽  
Goro Asano ◽  
Katsunari Fukushi ◽  
Katsuya Suzuki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Morphological Aspect ◽  
Functional Aspect ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Human Cervix ◽  
Morphological Patterns

Recently, the functional aspect as well as morphological aspect of the reserve cells in the cervix uteri drew much attention in view of the carcinogenesis in squamocolumunar junction. In this communication, the authors elucidate the ultrastructural features of the reserve cells in patients of various age groups visiting our university hospital and affiliated hospital.From conventional light microscopic point of view, the reserve cells tend to be pronounced in various pathological conditions, such as the persisting inflammation, proliferative disorders and irritation of hormones. The morphological patterns of the reserve cells from various stage and degree of irritation were observed.

Microchemical imaging in biomedical research

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1118-1119
Author(s):  
P. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Electron Probe ◽  
The Other ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Element ◽  
Physiological Information ◽  
Functional States ◽  
Elemental Maps ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Secondary Ion

It is well established that unique physiological information can be obtained by rapidly freezing cells in various functional states and analyzing the cell element content and distribution by electron probe x-ray microanalysis. (The other techniques of microanalysis that are amenable to imaging, such as electron energy loss spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, particle induced x-ray emission etc., are not addressed in this tutorial.) However, the usual processes of data acquisition are labor intensive and lengthy, requiring that x-ray counts be collected from individually selected regions of each cell in question and that data analysis be performed subsequent to data collection. A judicious combination of quantitative elemental maps and static raster probes adds not only an additional overall perception of what is occurring during a particular biological manipulation or event, but substantially increases data productivity. Recent advances in microcomputer instrumentation and software have made readily feasible the acquisition and processing of digital quantitative x-ray maps of one to several cells.

Surface Ultrastructure of Human Ectocervix in Certain Pathological Conditions

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
S. Mukherjee ◽  
T. Guha ◽  
B. Chakrabarti ◽  
P. Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Squamous Epithelium ◽  
Malignant Tumour ◽  
Surface Ultrastructure ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Hexagonal Shape ◽  
Columnar Cells ◽  
Scanning Electron

The cervix is an important organ in reproduction. Its malfunction is frequently a factor for infertility. Ectocervix region does not appear to have received much attention although many studies have been reported on the endocervix. We report here our SEM observations on ectocervix in certain pathological conditions compared to normal ectocervix.Ectocervix specimens from human females with specific pathological disorders were processed for Scanning Electron Microscopy by conventional method and they were examined in a Philips SEM.The normal ectocervix is lined by flat layer of squamous epithelial cells with microridges (Fig. 1). These cells are known to be formed from columnar cells through metaplastic transformation. The cells of carcinoma-bearing ectocervix show a disorganised appearance (Fig. 2). In non-malignant tumour surface some cuboidal and few columnar cells were seen (Fig. 3). A cyst appears like an overgrowth on the surface of the squamous epithelium (Fig. 4). In ulcerated ectocervix a marked reduction of epithelial cells are observed (Fig. 5); the cells are devoid of microridges and, the large polygonal cells, as observed in normal tissues, have somehow acquired comparatively small hexagonal shape

Non-Linear Dynamics of Cardiovascular Variability Signals

1994 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cerutti ◽  
S. Guzzetti ◽  
R. Parola ◽  
M.G. Signorini
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Severe Heart Failure ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Deterministic Systems ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Return Maps ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Space State

Abstract:Long-term regulation of beat-to-beat variability involves several different kinds of controls. A linear approach performed by parametric models enhances the short-term regulation of the autonomic nervous system. Some non-linear long-term regulation can be assessed by the chaotic deterministic approach applied to the beat-to-beat variability of the discrete RR-interval series, extracted from the ECG. For chaotic deterministic systems, trajectories of the state vector describe a strange attractor characterized by a fractal of dimension D. Signals are supposed to be generated by a deterministic and finite dimensional but non-linear dynamic system with trajectories in a multi-dimensional space-state. We estimated the fractal dimension through the Grassberger and Procaccia algorithm and Self-Similarity approaches of the 24-h heart-rate variability (HRV) signal in different physiological and pathological conditions such as severe heart failure, or after heart transplantation. State-space representations through Return Maps are also obtained. Differences between physiological and pathological cases have been assessed and generally a decrease in the system complexity is correlated to pathological conditions.

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