Criteria for Assessing the Viability of a Small Scale MSW Bio-Drying Plant Aimed at RDF Production for Local Use

Livestock provides the motive power sustaining the life of local population and small scale industries in Pakistan. Obtaining meat and milk from sheep for the human consumption and by-products such as skins, wool, hair for local use and plays key role for the economical stability and growth of the country. There is massive amount of wool sheared by local peoples in Baluchistan but due to lack of education and technical knowledge regarding the wool shearing have remained as major issue. Shearing is made on annual or biannually, but even needs certain expertise and professionalism in the sorting of wool. The textile industry of country has greater challenge for last few decades. Government needs to upgrade vocational and technical education as well as the new equipments and machinery for wool processing in the region. Several initiatives are also being carried by small and medium enterprise for the economical uplift of region particularly and country in general. Mostly obtained wool from various regions remained as major issue for its sorting and processing for finished textiles.

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Sustainability of stone materials in the built environment of rural regions: a review

Cadernos do Laboratorio Xeolóxico de Laxe. Revista de Xeoloxía Galega e do Hercínico Peninsular ◽

10.17979/cadlaxe.2017.39.0.3556 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 141-163

Author(s):

Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez ◽

Carlos Alves

Keyword(s):

Cultural Value ◽

Small Scale ◽

Minimal Impact ◽

Stone Materials ◽

The Social ◽

Historical Times ◽

Pollution Impacts ◽

Local Use ◽

Design Options

Stones has been used from pre-historical times with different purposes and this historical use can be seen as an extended record of its sustainability, regarding extraction procedures and consequences, uses in building and maintenance to overcome decay. We discuss in this paper conceptual considerations on the sustainability of local use of rocks in a small scale (what will be assumed to define a “rural” scope), covering both in situ uses, mostly as cave housing, and extracted materials for creation of structures. Our discussion will develop around two main axes: resources consumption (including the rocks themselves and rock wastes resulting from other activities) and pollution impacts (on the surrounding environment and in the users of the rock structures). It will be seen that the main concerns will be related to specific spots with enhanced environmental or cultural value (where small changes can have enormous impacts). Other issues have minimal impact or can be dealt by design options. We consider also possible positive impacts resulting from the use of rock materials, namely in the social and economic components, including the use of rock wastes as resources and the touristic potential of rock quarries, structures and human-made landscapes.

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Risk aversion in allocating fishing effort in a highly uncertain coastal fishery for pelagic fish, Moluccas, Indonesia

Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.1139/f01-115 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 58 (8) ◽

pp. 1683-1691 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

JAE van Oostenbrugge ◽

WLT van Densen ◽

M A.M Machiels

Keyword(s):

Fold Increase ◽

Fishing Effort ◽

Pelagic Fish ◽

Small Scale ◽

Catch Per Unit Effort ◽

Effort Allocation ◽

Operation Costs ◽

By Catch ◽

Local Use ◽

Very High

The Ambonese small-scale purse-seine fishery for small pelagic fish, such as scads and mackerels, is characterised by highly variable daily catches. Fishermen involved in this fishery are therefore seriously constrained in optimising the outcome of their fishery through spatial allocation of effort. Spatial patterns in effort allocation were compared with those in catch per unit effort (CPUE), indexed by both catch weight and profit. Average CPUE indexed by catch weight differed between fishing locations by up to 14 times. However, individual fishermen could only detect such large differences after 14 days of exploratory fishing because of the high variability in daily catches. Daily decisions on effort allocation are therefore not based on maximising CPUE but on minimising operational costs and risk. A very high proportion (88%) of the fishing trips were made within 8 km of the home port, although the capacity of the purse seiners allowed for fishing in more productive areas much farther away. A 10- to 20-fold increase in operation costs (travelling and local use rights) when fishing in other areas reinforced this behaviour.

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Reasons to strike first

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000840 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

William Buckner ◽

Luke Glowacki

Keyword(s):

Intergroup Conflict ◽

Small Scale

Abstract De Dreu and Gross predict that attackers will have more difficulty winning conflicts than defenders. As their analysis is presumed to capture the dynamics of decentralized conflict, we consider how their framework compares with ethnographic evidence from small-scale societies, as well as chimpanzee patterns of intergroup conflict. In these contexts, attackers have significantly more success in conflict than predicted by De Dreu and Gross's model. We discuss the possible reasons for this disparity.

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Exploring Coronal Structures with SOHO

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100064915 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 179 ◽

pp. 403-406

Author(s):

M. Karovska ◽

B. Wood ◽

J. Chen ◽

J. Cook ◽

R. Howard

Keyword(s):

Solar Corona ◽

Image Enhancement ◽

Coronal Mass Ejections ◽

Dynamical Evolution ◽

Small Scale ◽

Low Contrast ◽

Contrast Structures ◽

Scale Structures ◽

Small Scale Structures ◽

Coronal Structures

AbstractWe applied advanced image enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in several Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed by SOHO. We highlight here the results from our studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of CME structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: LASCO and EIT.

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Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy: New tools for biology

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100155864 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 778-779

Author(s):

CE Bracker ◽

P. K. Hansma

Keyword(s):

Physical Property ◽

Scanning Probe ◽

Scanning Tunneling ◽

Small Scale ◽

Tunneling Microscopy ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

New Family ◽

Small Probe ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Transmission Electron

A new family of scanning probe microscopes has emerged that is opening new horizons for investigating the fine structure of matter. The earliest and best known of these instruments is the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). First published in 1982, the STM earned the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for two of its inventors, G. Binnig and H. Rohrer. They shared the prize with E. Ruska for his work that had led to the development of the transmission electron microscope half a century earlier. It seems appropriate that the award embodied this particular blend of the old and the new because it demonstrated to the world a long overdue respect for the enormous contributions electron microscopy has made to the understanding of matter, and at the same time it signalled the dawn of a new age in microscopy. What we are seeing is a revolution in microscopy and a redefinition of the concept of a microscope.Several kinds of scanning probe microscopes now exist, and the number is increasing. What they share in common is a small probe that is scanned over the surface of a specimen and measures a physical property on a very small scale, at or near the surface. Scanning probes can measure temperature, magnetic fields, tunneling currents, voltage, force, and ion currents, among others.

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Superstructures and ordering phenomena in ceramic superconductors

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100166014 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 710-711

Author(s):

R. Gronsky

Keyword(s):

Domain Growth ◽

Small Displacement ◽

Small Scale ◽

Ceramic Superconductors ◽

Oxygen Sublattices ◽

Tweed Contrast ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Representative Image ◽

Static Lattice ◽

Modulation Wavelength

It is now well established that the phase transformation behavior of YBa2Cu3O6+δ is significantly influenced by matrix strain effects, as evidenced by the formation of accommodation twins, the occurrence of diffuse scattering in diffraction patterns, the appearance of tweed contrast in electron micrographs, and the generation of displacive modulation superstructures, all of which have been successfully modeled via simple Monte Carlo simulations. The model is based upon a static lattice formulation with two types of excitations, one of which is a change in oxygen occupancy, and the other a small displacement of both the copper and oxygen sublattices. Results of these simulations show that a displacive superstructure forms very rapidly in a morphology of finely textured domains, followed by domain growth and a more sharply defined modulation wavelength, ultimately evolving into a strong <110> tweed with 5 nm to 7 nm period. What is new about these findings is the revelation that both the small-scale deformation superstructures and coarser tweed morphologies can result from displacive modulations in ordered YBa2Cu3O6+δ and need not be restricted to domain coarsening of the disordered phase. Figures 1 and 2 show a representative image and diffraction pattern for fully-ordered (δ = 1) YBa2Cu3O6+δ associated with a long-period <110> modulation.

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Indirect Assessment of Attitudes with Response-Time-Based Measures

Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie ◽

10.1024/0044-3514.37.3.131 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 131-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Juliane Degner ◽

Dirk Wentura ◽

Klaus Rothermund

Keyword(s):

Social Cognitive ◽

Incremental Validity ◽

Self Report ◽

Small Scale ◽

Implicit Measures ◽

Scale Theory ◽

Starting Point ◽

Self Reports ◽

Predicting Behavior ◽

Social Cognitive Theories

Abstract: We review research on response-latency based (“implicit”) measures of attitudes by examining what hopes and intentions researchers have associated with their usage. We identified the hopes of (1) gaining better measures of interindividual differences in attitudes as compared to self-report measures (quality hope); (2) better predicting behavior, or predicting other behaviors, as compared to self-reports (incremental validity hope); (3) linking social-cognitive theories more adequately to empirical research (theory-link hope). We argue that the third hope should be the starting point for using these measures. Any attempt to improve these measures should include the search for a small-scale theory that adequately explains the basic effects found with such a measure. To date, small-scale theories for different measures are not equally well developed.

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