391 A Reference Curve for Relative Weight Loss for Breast-Fed Infants to Detect Hypernatraemic Dehydration

In this paper, the effect of Sc addition (0.06 wt%) on the corrosion behavior of medium strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy is investigated by mass loss measurements, electrochemical experiment, intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion tests. The results indicate the addition of Sc reduces the relative weight loss and enhances pitting performance as a result of grain refinement. The improved intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion resistance caused by minor Sc addition are mainly attributed to the delay in both the initiation and advance stages of local corrosion.

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Diet-induced fasting ghrelin elevation reflects the recovery of insulin sensitivity and visceral adiposity regression

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab681 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gal Tsaban ◽

Anat Yaskolka Meir ◽

Hila Zelicha ◽

Ehud Rinott ◽

Alon Kaplan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Retention Rate ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Fat Depots ◽

Relative Weight Loss ◽

Similar Weight

Abstract Aims Lower fasting-ghrelin-levels (FGL) are associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. We aimed to explore the dynamics of FGL during weight-loss and its metabolic and adiposity-related manifestations beyond weight-loss. Methods A secondary analysis of a clinical trial where we randomized participants with abdominal-obesity/dyslipidemia to one of three diets: healthy-dietary-guidelines (HDG), Mediterranean diet (MED), or green-MED diet, all combined with physical activity (PA). Both MED diets were similarly hypocaloric and included 28g/day walnuts. The green-MED group further consumed green tea (3-4 cups/day) and a Wolffia-globosa (Mankai) plant green-shake. We measured FGL and quantified body fat depots by Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging at baseline and after 18-months. Results Among 294 participants [body-mass-index=31.3kg/m 2;FGL=504±208pg/mL; retention rate=89.8%], lower FGL were associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic parameters as higher visceral-adipose-tissue (VAT), intra-hepatic fat, leptin, and blood pressure (p<0.05 for all; multivariate models). ∆FGL18-month differed between men (+7.3+26.6%) and women (-9.2+21.3%,p=0.001). After 18-months of moderate and similar weight loss among the MED-groups, FGL increased by 1.3%, 5.4%, and 10.5% in HDG, MED, and green-MED groups, respectively (p=0.03 for green-MED vs. HDG), sex-stratified analysis revealed similar changes in men only. Among men, FGL18-month elevation was associated with favorable changes in insulin resistance profile and VAT regression, after adjusting for relative weight-loss (HbA1c:r=-0.216; homeostatic-model-of insulin-resistance:r=-0.154; HDL-c:r=0.147;VAT:r=-0.221;p<0.05 for all). , Insulin resistance and VAT remained inversely related with FGL elevation, beyond which was explained by weight-loss (residual regression analyses;p<0.05). Conclusions Diet-induced FGL elevation may reflect insulin sensitivity recovery and VAT regression beyond weight-loss, specifically among men. Green-MED diet is associated with greater FGL elevation.

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The performance of early-weaned piglets following transport: Effect of season and weaning weight

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a06-005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 337-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Wamnes ◽

N. J. Lewis ◽

R. J. Berry

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Minimum Weight ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Road Transport ◽

Additional Stress ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Weaning Weight ◽

Relative Weight Loss ◽

Transport Control

Two groups of 48 Cotswold piglets weaned at 17 ± 1 d of age were assigned to road or simulated transport during summer or winter. Following transport [Control (<20 min), 6 h, 12 h or 24 h], piglets were grouped by weaning weight (light, medium and heavy) in pens of four. Body weights were recorded on days 1–8, 10, 12 and 14. From an average weaning weight of 6.28 ± 0.09 kg, piglets lost on average 0.4 ± 0.1 kg. The minimum weight of 5.88 ± 0.1 kg was reached 2.24 ± 0.13 d post weaning and weaning weight was recovered at 3.55 ± 0.16 d post weaning. As transport duration increased from 6 to 24 h, total weight loss increased from 0.33 to 0.45 ± 0.022 kg (P < 0.01). Piglets transported by road in winter had a longer growth check (4.08 vs. 3.18 ± 0.18 d, P < 0.05) showed reduced percent ADG (5.37 vs. 6.61 ± 0.26%, P < 0.05) and lower feed conversion efficiency (FCE) (0.87 vs. 0.96 ± 0.01 kg, P < 0.01) than piglets transported by road in summer. Heavy piglets continued to lose weight longer than light piglets (2.26 vs.1.7 ± 0.16 d, P < 0.02), although relative weight loss was not affected. During winter piglets exposed to road transport required more time to recover their weaning weight than piglets exposed to simulated transport (4.08 vs. 3.04 ± 0.18 d, P < 0.05). While weaning is a confounding effect, these results suggest that longer transport (>12 h) and transport in winter may cause additional stress to early-weaned piglets. Some factors of road transport in winter, possibly driving differences or fluctuating temperatures also negatively affected piglet recovery from weaning. Key words: Early weaning, transport, pigs, season

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Multilevel Evaluation of Rapid Weight Loss in Wrestling and Taekwondo

Frontiers in Sociology ◽

10.3389/fsoc.2021.637671 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

Cecilia Castor-Praga ◽

Jeanette M. Lopez-Walle ◽

Javier Sanchez-Lopez

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Weight Maintenance ◽

Negative Mood ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Mood States ◽

Rapid Weight Loss ◽

Psychological Consequences ◽

Relative Weight Loss

The practice of strategies for rapid weight loss (RWL) involve diverse factors, such as individual expectations, social interactions, structural elements, etc., conforming to a “culture” of RWL, which must be evaluated and understood in a broad sense. Based on the need of a comprehensive evaluation of the use of RWL in practitioners of combat sports, an ad hoc questionnaire designed for this study, which includes the types and detailed descriptions of RWL strategies, that athletes currently use, the prevalence and frequency of use, the physiological and psychological consequences, the perception of the effect of RWL on their own performance and finally, the individuals who influence the adoption of this practice. One hundred and sixty combat athletes from wrestling and taekwondo disciplines, from Mexico, filled out this questionnaire. Data collected for their statistical analyses. Results revealed a RWL strategies prevalence of 96% across the participants. Our results revealed that 57% of those athletes using RWL lose more than 5% of their body mass. Across the athletes, the most commonly used RWL strategies and with higher intensity were increased exercise and training with plastic or thick clothes. The greater the relative weight loss, the greater the presence of physiological symptoms in athletes, such as rapid breathing and blood pressure. Athletes also mentioned mood states such as tiredness, sadness, confusion, fatigue and vigor, these last two positive and negative mood states are associated with the relative weight loss, respectively. Finally, the people who most influenced the adoption of RWL strategies were the coaches, parents and nutritionists. In conclusion, the questionnaire prepared for this study allowed us to obtain valuable information about the several factors, and their interactions, involved in the practice of RWL in combat athletes. This type of practice could increase health risks and decrease their performance. Therefore, here we state the importance of a comprehensive evaluation of RWL strategies that allows the development of psycho-educational and social-based interventions and programs for the promotion of proper weight maintenance, and prevention against RWL strategies, involving the individuals who influence the adoption of these practices and supporting it with the help of communication technologies.

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MLTI-09. UNDERWEIGHT AND WEIGHT LOSS ARE PREDICTORS OF POOR OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN METASTASIS

Neuro-Oncology Advances ◽

10.1093/noajnl/vdz014.068 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. i16-i16

Author(s):

Michael Weller ◽

Anna Lareida ◽

Robert Terziev ◽

Bettina Grossenbacher ◽

Nicolaus Andratschke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Brain Metastasis ◽

Weight Change ◽

Metastatic Cancer ◽

Relative Weight ◽

University Hospital ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

Poor Outcome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Relative Weight Loss

Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite increased risk of comorbidities, overweight may be associated with improved outcome in patients with metastatic cancer. Conversely, tumor cachexia has been identified as a negative predictor of outcome in patients with brain metastasis (BM) from lung cancer. Here we evaluate the association of abnormal body mass index (BMI) and weight change with outcome in patients with BM from different primary tumors. METHODS: Patients with a diagnosis of BM diagnosed and treated at the University Hospital Zurich (n=703) were assessed for associations of BMI, weight change, comorbidities and survival. RESULTS: Compared with patients with normal BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 who experienced a median overall survival (OS) of 9 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.5–10.5), OS was inferior in patients with BMI< 18.5 kg/m2 (OS 6 months, 95% CI 1.6–10.3, p=0.04), but superior in patients with BMI >25 kg/m2 (OS 13 months, 95% CI 11.0–15.0; p=0.033). For patients with documented weight course (n=173 of 703), we report a median relative weight loss of 5% within the first 6 months of BM diagnosis (95% CI 3.3–6.5). Reduction above the median was associated with an unfavorable outcome in this subgroup (weight loss ≧5% 22.0 months, 95% CI 19.2–24.8; weight loss < 5% 14.0 months, 95% CI 11.9–16.). CONCLUSIONS: Despite being associated with a worse cardiovascular risk profile, high BMI is associated with preferable and underweight with poor outcome in BM patients. Conversely, weight loss above median may be a predictor of poor outcome. Future studies need to address the question whether vigorous treatment of tumor cachexia, e.g. by specific nutrition management, might improve outcome of BM patients. In contrast, regimens that are associated with weight loss such as ketogenic diet may be detrimental.

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THE KINETICS OF STARVATION

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.7.2.269 ◽

1924 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 269-286

Author(s):

Norman C. Wetzel

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Close Agreement ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Body Protein ◽

Simple Modification ◽

Actual Weight ◽

Homogeneous Systems ◽

Fat Reserves ◽

Relative Weight Loss ◽

Kinetics Of

1. The relative weight loss of pigeons on starving rations may be represented by a simple modification of the law of autocatalysis. 2. An equation giving the actual weight of the animals during the 53 day period of the experiment is derived by means of the hypothesis that the process of inanition is governed by the simultaneous velocity relations between two independent, homogeneous systems, such that MT = (A0 → 0) + (B0 → BC) in which A is taken proportional to the amount of carbohydrate-fat reserves, and B proportional to the amount of reacting body protoplasm. 3. The course of starvation is governed by the rate of destruction of body protein, but it is modified by the amount and by the rate of destruction of reserve materials. 4. The processes of breaking down tissues are analogous to those by which tissues are synthesized. 5. The close agreement between observed and calculated values suggests that the original assumptions set forth in deriving the foregoing equations were valid. 6. Attention is called to the fact that the time of onset of beriberi in pigeons is coincident with the half period of starvation.

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Influence of Muscle Quality on the Relative Weight Loss and Palatability of Intact and Dissected Dry-Cured Hams

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/jas1973.374879x ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 37 (4) ◽

pp. 879-884 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W. R. Henning ◽

W. G. Moody ◽

James D. Kemp ◽

J. D. Fox

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Muscle Quality ◽

Relative Weight Loss

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Predictors of Postprandial Hypoglycemia After Gastric Bypass Surgery: a Retrospective Case-Control Study

Obesity Surgery ◽

10.1007/s11695-021-05277-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elric Zweck ◽

Matthias Hepprich ◽

Marc Y. Donath

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Gastric Bypass ◽

Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Meal Test ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Mixed Meal ◽

Absolute Weight ◽

Mixed Meal Test

Abstract Background Postprandial hypoglycemia after bariatric surgery is an exigent disorder, often impacting the quality of life. Distinguishing clinically relevant hypoglycemic episodes from symptoms of other origin can be challenging. Diagnosis is demanding and often requires an extensive testing such as prolonged glucose tolerance or mixed-meal test. Therefore, we investigated whether baseline parameters of patients after gastric bypass with suspected hypoglycemia can predict the diagnosis. Methods We analyzed data from 35 patients after gastric bypass with suspected postprandial hypoglycemia and performed a standardized mixed-meal test. Hypoglycemia was defined by the appearance of typical symptoms, low plasma glucose, and relief of symptoms following glucose administration. Parameters that differed in patients with and without hypoglycemia during MMT were identified and evaluated for predictive precision using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) areas under the curve (AUC). Results Out of 35 patients, 19 (54%) developed symptomatic hypoglycemia as a result of exaggerated insulin and C-peptide release in response to the mixed-meal. Hypoglycemic patients exhibited lower glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and higher absolute and relative weight loss from pre-surgery to study date. HbA1c and absolute weight loss alone could achieve acceptable AUCs in ROC analyses (0.76 and 0.72, respectively) but a combined score of absolute weight loss divided by HbA1c (0.78) achieved the best AUC. Conclusions HbA1c and weight loss differed in patients with and without symptomatic hypoglycemia during mixed-meal test. These baseline parameters could be used for screening of postprandial hypoglycemia in patients after gastric bypass and may facilitate the selection of patients requiring further evaluation. Graphical abstract

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Breast-Feeding Frequency During the First 24 Hours After Birth in Full-Term Neonates

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.86.2.171 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 171-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yoshitada Yamauchi ◽

Itsuro Yamanouchi

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Breast Feeding ◽

Full Term ◽

Feeding Frequency ◽

Term Neonates ◽

Transcutaneous Bilirubin ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Breast Fed ◽

Maximum Weight Loss

The relation between the frequency of breast-feeding and intake, weight loss, meconium passage, and bilirubin levels was studied in 140 healthy, full-term, breast-fed, Japanese neonates born vaginally without complications. Factors affecting the frequency of breast-feeding were also evaluated. Mothers nursed their neonates, on average, 4.3 ± 2.5 (SD) times (range 0 to 11) during the first 24 hours after birth, and this frequency increased significantly to 7.4 ± 3.9 times during the next 24 hours (P < .001). There was a significant correlation between the frequency of breast-feeding during the first and second 24 hours after birth (r = .69, P < .001). The frequency of breast-feeding during the first 24 hours correlated significantly with frequency of meconium passage (r = .37, P < .01), maximum weight loss (r = -.22, P < .05), breast milk intake on day 3 (r = .50, P < .01) and day 5 (r = .34, P < .05), transcutaneous bilirubin readings on day 6 (r = -.18, P < .05), and weight loss from birth to time of discharge (day 7) (r = -.32, P < .01). There was a strong dose-response relationship between feeding frequency and a decreased incidence of significant hyperbilirubinemia (transcutaneous bilirubin readings ≥23.5) on day 6. The time of birth also affected the frequency of breast-feeding during the first 24 hours. Neonates born between midnight and 6:00 AM were nursed more frequently than those born between 1:00 PM and midnight (5.1 ± 2.4 vs 3.9 ± 2.3 times, P < .05). The results demonstrate that frequent suckling in the first days of life has numerous beneficial effects on the breast-fed, full-term newborn.

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Vacuum Cooling of Cooked Mussels (Perna perna)

Food Science and Technology International ◽

10.1177/1082013206062387 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 19-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

E. Huber ◽

L. P. Soares ◽

B. A. M. Carciofi ◽

H. Hense ◽

J. B. Laurindo

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Cold Water ◽

Temperature Drop ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Cooling Water ◽

Hot Water ◽

Process Time ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Industrial Processing ◽

Vacuum Cooling

Mussels pass through a thermal treatment during industrial processing with hot water or steam and then are pre-cooled before the manual extraction of the meat. This pre-cooling is classically accomplished by the immersion of the cooked mussels in cold water. In this work, vacuum cooling of mussels after the cooking stage was used as a technique to quickly decrease the product temperature and to avoid a possible microbial contamination by the cooling water or by manipulation. In about 3 minutes, mussels were cooled from about 90 °C to 20 °C. The relative weight loss during the vacuum cooling of the whole sample (meat and shell) was about 8% of the initial sample’s weight, for temperatures drop cited above. In this way, there was a 8.7 0.26 °C temperature drop for each 1% of weight loss. For separated meat (without shell), the ratio was 7.5 0.30 ºC per 1% weight loss, which agreed with the literature for vacuum cooling of meats in general. A simple numerical simulation was able to determine weight loss during the vacuum cooling process, providing data that agreed very well with experimental results. The vacuum cooling technique is a promising alternative for processing pre-cooked mussels, because process time is shortened and cross-contamination risk is significantly reduced in the cooling stage. The water loss is not a serious problem when the cooled mussels are canned in brine.

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