The performance of early-weaned piglets following transport: Effect of season and weaning weight

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wamnes ◽  
N. J. Lewis ◽  
R. J. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Relative Weight Loss ◽  
Transport Control

Two groups of 48 Cotswold piglets weaned at 17 ± 1 d of age were assigned to road or simulated transport during summer or winter. Following transport [Control (<20 min), 6 h, 12 h or 24 h], piglets were grouped by weaning weight (light, medium and heavy) in pens of four. Body weights were recorded on days 1–8, 10, 12 and 14. From an average weaning weight of 6.28 ± 0.09 kg, piglets lost on average 0.4 ± 0.1 kg. The minimum weight of 5.88 ± 0.1 kg was reached 2.24 ± 0.13 d post weaning and weaning weight was recovered at 3.55 ± 0.16 d post weaning. As transport duration increased from 6 to 24 h, total weight loss increased from 0.33 to 0.45 ± 0.022 kg (P < 0.01). Piglets transported by road in winter had a longer growth check (4.08 vs. 3.18 ± 0.18 d, P < 0.05) showed reduced percent ADG (5.37 vs. 6.61 ± 0.26%, P < 0.05) and lower feed conversion efficiency (FCE) (0.87 vs. 0.96 ± 0.01 kg, P < 0.01) than piglets transported by road in summer. Heavy piglets continued to lose weight longer than light piglets (2.26 vs.1.7 ± 0.16 d, P < 0.02), although relative weight loss was not affected. During winter piglets exposed to road transport required more time to recover their weaning weight than piglets exposed to simulated transport (4.08 vs. 3.04 ± 0.18 d, P < 0.05). While weaning is a confounding effect, these results suggest that longer transport (>12 h) and transport in winter may cause additional stress to early-weaned piglets. Some factors of road transport in winter, possibly driving differences or fluctuating temperatures also negatively affected piglet recovery from weaning. Key words: Early weaning, transport, pigs, season

The behaviour of early-weaned piglets following transport: Effect of season and weaning weight

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wamnes ◽  
N. J. Lewis ◽  
R. J. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Road Transport ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Transport Effect ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Light Medium

Two groups of 48 Cotswold piglets were weaned at 17 ± 1 d of age and assigned to road or simulated transport during summer or winter. Following transport (0, 6, 12 or 24 h), piglets were grouped by weaning weight (light, medium and heavy) in pens of four. Piglet behaviour was recorded on days 1–4, 7 and 14 after weaning and transport. As transport duration increased, drinking behaviour increased (P < 0.05). Control (0 h) piglets fed less (1.5%) than transported piglets (3.1%) during the first 3 d in housing. Significant differences were observed on days 2 and 3 only (P < 0.02). Across season and transport treatment, heavy piglets spent more time fighting (P < 0.005) during the first day in housing, and less time feeding (P < 0.05) during the first 3 d in housing compared with light and medium piglets. During the first 3 d in weanling pens, piglets spent less time feeding following road transport (2.4%) than following simulated transport (2.9%, P < 0.05). Piglets transported by road also spent more time engaged in oral/nasal behaviour during the first 3 d in housing compared with simulated transport groups, although this reached significance on day 3 only (P < 0.05). These results suggest that transport of early-weaned piglets may exacerbate the stress of weaning through additional stress related to factors associated with truck movement, such as noise and vibration, and by imposing an increased risk of dehydration following long journeys (> 12 h). Key words: Early weaning, transport, pigs, behaviour, season

Influence of Sc Addition on the Corrosion Behavior of Medium Strength Al-Zn-Mg Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 913 ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Ming Li ◽  
Hai Chang Jiang ◽  
Yun Li Wang ◽  
Duo Zhang ◽  
De Sheng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
Exfoliation Corrosion ◽  
Medium Strength ◽  
Relative Weight Loss ◽  
Sc Addition

In this paper, the effect of Sc addition (0.06 wt%) on the corrosion behavior of medium strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy is investigated by mass loss measurements, electrochemical experiment, intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion tests. The results indicate the addition of Sc reduces the relative weight loss and enhances pitting performance as a result of grain refinement. The improved intergranular corrosion and exfoliation corrosion resistance caused by minor Sc addition are mainly attributed to the delay in both the initiation and advance stages of local corrosion.

Diet-induced fasting ghrelin elevation reflects the recovery of insulin sensitivity and visceral adiposity regression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Tsaban ◽  
Anat Yaskolka Meir ◽  
Hila Zelicha ◽  
Ehud Rinott ◽  
Alon Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Relative Weight Loss ◽  
Similar Weight

Abstract Aims Lower fasting-ghrelin-levels (FGL) are associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. We aimed to explore the dynamics of FGL during weight-loss and its metabolic and adiposity-related manifestations beyond weight-loss. Methods A secondary analysis of a clinical trial where we randomized participants with abdominal-obesity/dyslipidemia to one of three diets: healthy-dietary-guidelines (HDG), Mediterranean diet (MED), or green-MED diet, all combined with physical activity (PA). Both MED diets were similarly hypocaloric and included 28g/day walnuts. The green-MED group further consumed green tea (3-4 cups/day) and a Wolffia-globosa (Mankai) plant green-shake. We measured FGL and quantified body fat depots by Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging at baseline and after 18-months. Results Among 294 participants [body-mass-index=31.3kg/m 2;FGL=504±208pg/mL; retention rate=89.8%], lower FGL were associated with unfavorable cardiometabolic parameters as higher visceral-adipose-tissue (VAT), intra-hepatic fat, leptin, and blood pressure (p&lt;0.05 for all; multivariate models). ∆FGL18-month differed between men (+7.3+26.6%) and women (-9.2+21.3%,p=0.001). After 18-months of moderate and similar weight loss among the MED-groups, FGL increased by 1.3%, 5.4%, and 10.5% in HDG, MED, and green-MED groups, respectively (p=0.03 for green-MED vs. HDG), sex-stratified analysis revealed similar changes in men only. Among men, FGL18-month elevation was associated with favorable changes in insulin resistance profile and VAT regression, after adjusting for relative weight-loss (HbA1c:r=-0.216; homeostatic-model-of insulin-resistance:r=-0.154; HDL-c:r=0.147;VAT:r=-0.221;p&lt;0.05 for all). , Insulin resistance and VAT remained inversely related with FGL elevation, beyond which was explained by weight-loss (residual regression analyses;p&lt;0.05). Conclusions Diet-induced FGL elevation may reflect insulin sensitivity recovery and VAT regression beyond weight-loss, specifically among men. Green-MED diet is associated with greater FGL elevation.

scholarly journals 391 A Reference Curve for Relative Weight Loss for Breast-Fed Infants to Detect Hypernatraemic Dehydration

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Van Dommelen ◽  
J P Van Wouwe ◽  
J M Breuning-Boers ◽  
P H Verkerk
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Reference Curve ◽  
Relative Weight Loss ◽  
Breast Fed

scholarly journals Multilevel Evaluation of Rapid Weight Loss in Wrestling and Taekwondo

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Castor-Praga ◽  
Jeanette M. Lopez-Walle ◽  
Javier Sanchez-Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Negative Mood ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Relative Weight Loss

The practice of strategies for rapid weight loss (RWL) involve diverse factors, such as individual expectations, social interactions, structural elements, etc., conforming to a “culture” of RWL, which must be evaluated and understood in a broad sense. Based on the need of a comprehensive evaluation of the use of RWL in practitioners of combat sports, an ad hoc questionnaire designed for this study, which includes the types and detailed descriptions of RWL strategies, that athletes currently use, the prevalence and frequency of use, the physiological and psychological consequences, the perception of the effect of RWL on their own performance and finally, the individuals who influence the adoption of this practice. One hundred and sixty combat athletes from wrestling and taekwondo disciplines, from Mexico, filled out this questionnaire. Data collected for their statistical analyses. Results revealed a RWL strategies prevalence of 96% across the participants. Our results revealed that 57% of those athletes using RWL lose more than 5% of their body mass. Across the athletes, the most commonly used RWL strategies and with higher intensity were increased exercise and training with plastic or thick clothes. The greater the relative weight loss, the greater the presence of physiological symptoms in athletes, such as rapid breathing and blood pressure. Athletes also mentioned mood states such as tiredness, sadness, confusion, fatigue and vigor, these last two positive and negative mood states are associated with the relative weight loss, respectively. Finally, the people who most influenced the adoption of RWL strategies were the coaches, parents and nutritionists. In conclusion, the questionnaire prepared for this study allowed us to obtain valuable information about the several factors, and their interactions, involved in the practice of RWL in combat athletes. This type of practice could increase health risks and decrease their performance. Therefore, here we state the importance of a comprehensive evaluation of RWL strategies that allows the development of psycho-educational and social-based interventions and programs for the promotion of proper weight maintenance, and prevention against RWL strategies, involving the individuals who influence the adoption of these practices and supporting it with the help of communication technologies.

scholarly journals MLTI-09. UNDERWEIGHT AND WEIGHT LOSS ARE PREDICTORS OF POOR OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH BRAIN METASTASIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i16-i16
Author(s):  
Michael Weller ◽  
Anna Lareida ◽  
Robert Terziev ◽  
Bettina Grossenbacher ◽  
Nicolaus Andratschke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Relative Weight Loss

Abstract BACKGROUND: Despite increased risk of comorbidities, overweight may be associated with improved outcome in patients with metastatic cancer. Conversely, tumor cachexia has been identified as a negative predictor of outcome in patients with brain metastasis (BM) from lung cancer. Here we evaluate the association of abnormal body mass index (BMI) and weight change with outcome in patients with BM from different primary tumors. METHODS: Patients with a diagnosis of BM diagnosed and treated at the University Hospital Zurich (n=703) were assessed for associations of BMI, weight change, comorbidities and survival. RESULTS: Compared with patients with normal BMI of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 who experienced a median overall survival (OS) of 9 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.5–10.5), OS was inferior in patients with BMI&lt; 18.5 kg/m2 (OS 6 months, 95% CI 1.6–10.3, p=0.04), but superior in patients with BMI &gt;25 kg/m2 (OS 13 months, 95% CI 11.0–15.0; p=0.033). For patients with documented weight course (n=173 of 703), we report a median relative weight loss of 5% within the first 6 months of BM diagnosis (95% CI 3.3–6.5). Reduction above the median was associated with an unfavorable outcome in this subgroup (weight loss ≧5% 22.0 months, 95% CI 19.2–24.8; weight loss &lt; 5% 14.0 months, 95% CI 11.9–16.). CONCLUSIONS: Despite being associated with a worse cardiovascular risk profile, high BMI is associated with preferable and underweight with poor outcome in BM patients. Conversely, weight loss above median may be a predictor of poor outcome. Future studies need to address the question whether vigorous treatment of tumor cachexia, e.g. by specific nutrition management, might improve outcome of BM patients. In contrast, regimens that are associated with weight loss such as ketogenic diet may be detrimental.

scholarly journals THE KINETICS OF STARVATION

1924 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-286
Author(s):  
Norman C. Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Homogeneous Systems ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Relative Weight Loss ◽  
Kinetics Of

1. The relative weight loss of pigeons on starving rations may be represented by a simple modification of the law of autocatalysis. 2. An equation giving the actual weight of the animals during the 53 day period of the experiment is derived by means of the hypothesis that the process of inanition is governed by the simultaneous velocity relations between two independent, homogeneous systems, such that MT = (A0 → 0) + (B0 → BC) in which A is taken proportional to the amount of carbohydrate-fat reserves, and B proportional to the amount of reacting body protoplasm. 3. The course of starvation is governed by the rate of destruction of body protein, but it is modified by the amount and by the rate of destruction of reserve materials. 4. The processes of breaking down tissues are analogous to those by which tissues are synthesized. 5. The close agreement between observed and calculated values suggests that the original assumptions set forth in deriving the foregoing equations were valid. 6. Attention is called to the fact that the time of onset of beriberi in pigeons is coincident with the half period of starvation.

Influence of Muscle Quality on the Relative Weight Loss and Palatability of Intact and Dissected Dry-Cured Hams

1973 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Henning ◽  
W. G. Moody ◽  
James D. Kemp ◽  
J. D. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Relative Weight Loss

scholarly journals Dietary fermented rapeseed or/and soybean meal additives on performance and intestinal health of piglets

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Czech ◽  
Eugeniusz Ryszard Grela ◽  
Martyna Kiesz
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractThe aim of the study was to assess the effect of fermented dried soybean (FSBM) and/or fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) in diets for weaned piglets on production results, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal tract histology, and the composition of the gut microbiota. Piglets in the control group received standard diets with soybean meal. Animals in all experimental groups received diets in which a portion of the soybean meal was replaced: in group FR—8% FRSM; in group FR/FS—6% FRSM and 2% FSBM; in group FS/FR—2% FRSM and 6% FSBM and in group FS—8% FSBM. The use of 8% FRSM or 6% FRSM and 2% FSBM in the piglet diets had a positive effect on average daily gains. Piglets from the FR and FR/FS groups had the highest feed conversion rate. Group FS/FR and FS piglets had significantly lower mortality and lower incidence of diarrhoea. Piglets fed a diet with the fermented components, in particular with 8% FRSM or 6% FRSM and 2% FSBM, exhibited a positive effect on the microbiological composition and histology of intestines, which resulted in improved nutrient digestibility coefficients (ATTD and AID).

Optimization of Organic Fibres%[Kevlar/Arobocel/Acrylic] in NAO Brake Pad Application and its Effect on Thermal Stability & Friction Characteristics

2012 ◽  
Vol 531-532 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
M.A. Sai Balaji ◽  
K. Kalaichelvan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Friction Material ◽  
Brake Pad ◽  
Temperature Zone ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Friction Testing ◽  
Brake Application ◽  
The Stability

Organic fibres (Kevlar/ Arbocel / Acrylic) have good thermal stability, higher surface area and bulk density. The optimization of organic fibres percentage for thermal behaviour is considered using TGA. The temperature raise during brake application will be between 150-4000 C and this temperature zone is very critical to determine the fade characteristics during friction testing. Hence, three different friction composites are developed with the same formulation varying only the Kevlar, Arbocel and Acrylic fibres which are compensated by the inert filler namely the barites and are designated as NA01, NA02 and NA03 respectively. After the fabrication, the TGA test reveals that the composite NA03 has minimum weight loss. The friction coefficient test rig is then used to test the friction material as per SAE J661a standards. The results prove that the brake pad with minimum weight loss during TGA has higher friction stability. Thus, we can correlate the thermal stability with the stability of friction.

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