Reciprocal Peer Tutoring: A Multimodal Assessment of Effectiveness with College Students

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Fantuzzo ◽  
Linda A. Dimeff ◽  
Shari L. Fox
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Peer Tutoring ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Reciprocal Peer Tutoring ◽  
The Impact

This study assessed the effect of reciprocal peer tutoring on the academic performance of college students, and measured the impact of this procedure on levels of student distress and course satisfaction. Forty-nine students were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: reciprocal peer tutoring (RPT), questions only (QO), and placebo control (PC). There were no significant group differences in demographic variables or pretest scores. Results indicated that the RPT condition resulted in greater improvement in exam scores, reduction in distress, and greater student satisfaction.

Acceptance and Feasibility of Seated Elliptical Pedaling to Replace Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-853
Author(s):  
Nicholas L. Lerma ◽  
Chi C. Cho ◽  
Ann M. Swartz ◽  
Hotaka Maeda ◽  
Young Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Activity Monitor ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a seated pedaling device to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in the homes of older adults. Methods: Each participant (N = 20) was outfitted with an activity monitor and seated pedaling device in the home for 7 days and randomly assigned to one of four light-intensity pedaling groups (15, 30, 45, and 60 min/day). Results: There was 100% adherence in all groups and significant group differences in the minutes pedaled per day (p < .001), with no significant difference in the total pedaling days completed (p = .241). The 15-, 30-, 45-, and 60-min groups experienced a 4.0%, 5.4%, 10.6%, and 11.3% reduction in SB on the days pedaled, respectively. Conclusion: Clinically relevant reductions in SB time were achievable in this 1-week trial. Long-term adherence and the impact of replacing SB with seated light activities on geriatric-relevant health outcomes should be investigated.

scholarly journals Enhancing Interest Among Senior Secondary Students in Expository Essay Writing in South East Nigeria: The Reciprocal Peer Tutoring Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Amuche P. Nnamani ◽  
Josephine U. Akabogu
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Peer Tutoring ◽  
Secondary School Students ◽  
Teaching Approach ◽  
School Students ◽  
Senior Secondary School ◽  
Essay Writing ◽  
Reciprocal Peer Tutoring ◽  
Senior Secondary ◽  
The Impact

The study focused on investigating the impact reciprocal peer tutoring teaching approach has in promoting interest among senior secondary school students in writing expository essay in Igbo &ndash;Etiti Local Government Area, South-East, Nigeria. The effect of gender in promoting interest in expository essay writing among senior secondary school students was also investigated. Two research questions and three null hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted a quasi- experimental design. 75 (32 males and 43 females) in two intact classes consisted of the sample for the study. Expository Essay Writing Interest Inventory (EEWII) which was face validated by four consultants was used as an instrument to data for the study. Mean, standard deviation and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were used to analyze the data collected. Results obtained revealed that reciprocal peer tutoring teaching approach was effective in promoting interest in expository essay among the students. The result also indicated that the variation in the mean interest scores of male and female students in expository essay was not significant. The interaction effect of gender and the teaching approach on mean interest scores of senior secondary school students in expository essay writing was also not significant. Hence, the researchers recommended that secondary school teachers should adopt this teaching approach for expository essay writing teaching in secondary schools.

scholarly journals The Effect of DHA Supplementation on Cognition in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: An Exploratory Randomized Control Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Valentina Ciappolino ◽  
Giuseppe DelVecchio ◽  
Cecilia Prunas ◽  
Angela Andreella ◽  
Livio Finos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The Impact

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental disorder with a wide range of cognitive deficits, both in the euthymic and acute phase of the disease. Interestingly, in recent years, there has been a growing interest in investigating the impact of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognition in BD. In this context, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 ω-3, DHA) supplementation on cognitive performances in euthymic BD patients. This is an exploratory, single-centre, double-blind randomized controlled trial evaluating 12 weeks DHA supplementation (1250 mg daily) vs. a placebo (corn oil) in 31 euthymic BD patients compared to 15 healthy controls (HCs) on cognitive functions, assessed by the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Affective Disorder (BAC-A). Plasma levels of DHA were measured. After 12 weeks of treatment, no significant group differences were observed in all neuropsychological tests between the four groups, except for the emotion inhibition test, where HCs with DHA had higher scores compared to either BD with DHA (z = 3.9, p = 0.003) or BD with placebo (t = 3.7, p = 0.005). Although our results showed that DHA could be effective for ameliorating cognition in healthy subjects, future studies are still needed to clarify the impact of DHA on cognition in BD.

scholarly journals Impairments in Spatiotemporal Gait Adaptation During Obstacle Navigation in Huntington’s Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 934-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naznine Anwar ◽  
Izelle Labuschagne ◽  
Katrina Simpson ◽  
Luke Smith ◽  
Nellie Georgiou-Karistianis
Keyword(s):  
Huntington's Disease ◽  
Huntington’S Disease ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Gait Adaptation ◽  
Increased Risk

Background. Navigating obstacles whilst walking might be associated with poorer balance and a higher risk of falling in individuals with symptomatic Huntington’s disease (symp-HD). However, this issue has not been investigated within the literature. Objective. A unique obstacle navigation experiment was designed to examine adaptive gait patterns in order to identify spatiotemporal gait characteristics that might be associated with poorer balance and a higher risk of falling in symp-HD. Method. Sixteen diagnosed symp-HD participants and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Gait was examined in 3 experimental conditions: baseline walking, walking while navigating around 1 obstacle, and walking while navigating around 2 obstacles. Navigation around obstacle walks was divided into three step phases (approach, navigation, recovery). Group differences in gait variables were analyzed at baseline and during walking for each obstacle condition respectively. Gait variables were also correlated with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Results. Symp-HD participants, compared with controls, performed significantly poorer on most gait variables during baseline walking. Symp-HD participants significantly decreased their step-length while navigating around 1 obstacle, and increased their step-time while navigating around 1 and 2 obstacles. There were no significant group differences in step-width. Variables associated with navigating around obstacles correlated significantly with BBS and TUG clinical tools, which have been associated in the literature with an increased risk of falling in symp-HD. Conclusion. These findings could aid clinicians in better managing risk of falls in people with Huntington’s disease through targeted and effective strategies.

Timing of Palatal Surgery and Speech Outcome

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy L. Chapman ◽  
Mary A. Hardin-Jones ◽  
Jeffrey A. Goldstein ◽  
Kelli Ann Halter ◽  
Robert J. Havlik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Lexical Status ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Manner Of Articulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Palatal Surgery ◽  
Group 1

Objective: To examine the impact of age and lexical status at the time of primary palatal surgery on speech outcome of preschoolers with cleft palate. Participants: Forty children (33 to 42 months) with nonsyndromic cleft palate participated in the study. Twenty children (Group 1) were less lexically advanced and younger (mean age  =  11 months) and 20 children (Group 2) were more lexically advanced and older (mean age  =  15 months) when palatal surgery was performed. Main Outcome Measures: Samples of the children's spontaneous speech were compared on 11 speech production measures (e.g., size of consonant inventory, total consonants correct, % correct for manner of articulation categories, compensatory articulation usage, etc.). Next, listeners rated a 30-second sample of each child's connected speech for articulation proficiency and hypernasality, separately, using direct magnitude estimation (DME). Results: Group differences were noted for 4 of the 11 speech production measures. Children in Group 1 exhibited larger consonant inventories (and true consonant inventories) and more accurate production of nasals and liquids compared to children in Group 2. On the DME task, significant group differences were found for ratings of articulation proficiency and hypernasality. Children in Group 1 exhibited better articulation and less hypernasality than children in Group 2. Conclusions: The findings suggested that children who were less lexically advanced and younger at the time of palatal surgery exhibited better articulation and resonance outcomes at 3 years of age.

AFFECT AND MORAL REASONING

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony B. Olejnik ◽  
Asenath A. Larue
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Defining Issues Test ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

Temporary mood states were induced to determine the impact of affect on moral reasoning. College students were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: positive, negative, or neutral moods prior to completing the Defining Issues Test (DIT) of moral development. P-scores on the DIT were significantly higher in the positive affect condition than in either of the other conditions. These results are discussed in relation to previous studies on situational factors influencing moral judgments and social behaviors.

scholarly journals Impact of Age and Physical Activity on Postprandial Metabolic Responses (OR22-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Koemel ◽  
Christina Sciarillo ◽  
Patrick Tomko ◽  
Katherine Bode ◽  
Nathaniel Jenkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Blood Draw ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Metabolic Outcomes ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Large metabolic responses to high-fat meals (HFM) are known to create a deleterious physiological state. However, there is limited research describing the differential influences of age and physical activity level on meal metabolism, specifically in healthy older individuals. The goal of this project is to quantify the impact of age and physical activity on metabolic outcomes immediately following meal consumption in healthy men and women. Methods We recruited 4 groups of individuals: younger active (YA; age 22.3 ± 1.5 y; n = 7), younger inactive (YI; age 22.6 ± 4.0 y; n = 7), older active (OA; age 70.5 ± 7.8 y; n = 6), and older inactive (OI; age 69.6 ± 7.6 y; n = 5). Following a 10-hour overnight fast, an intravenous catheter was inserted into a forearm vein from which a fasting blood draw was taken. Participants then consumed a HFM (12 kcal/kg; 63% fat, 34% carbohydrate). Serial blood draws were conducted hourly for 6 hours to measure postprandial triglyceride (TG) and glucose (GLU) responses. Prior to the HFM, participants refrained from exercise for 48 hours to remove the confounding effects of recent acute exercise. One-way or two-way ANOVA was used, as appropriate, to compare groups with regard to postprandial metabolic outcomes. Results Groups were similar with regard to fasting GLU (P = 0.77) and TG (P = 0.06). There was a time effect for both GLU and TG in the postprandial period (P < 0.0001). A group effect was present for TG (P = 0.048), but not GLU (P = 0.07). There were no significant group differences in TG in post hoc comparisons (YA vs. YI, P = 0.41; YA vs. OA, P > 0.99; YA vs. OI, P = 0.08; YI vs. OA, P = 0.42; YI vs. OI, P = 0.67; OA vs. OI, P = 0.08). Total area under the curve (AUC) for TG was significantly different across groups (P = 0.0498; YA = 618.8 ± 103.1 mg/dL x 6 hr, YI = 836.4 ± 402.6, OA = 609.0 ± 234.6, OI = 993.4 ± 80.9), but incremental AUC was not different (P = 0.18). Groups did not differ with regard to GLU total (P = 0.07) or incremental AUC (P = 0.26). Peak TG (P = 0.38) and GLU (P = 0.18) responses did not differ across groups. Conclusions In this ongoing experiment, we are observing group differences in postprandial TG based on age and physical activity level. When complete, this study will highlight the independent effects of aging and physical activity on postprandial metabolic responses, which are integral components in CVD risk. Funding Sources Oklahoma State University.

scholarly journals Who Got Infected with COVID-19? A Study of College Students in Wuhan (China)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2420
Author(s):  
Changyu Fan ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Xueyan Li ◽  
Miao Zhu ◽  
Ping Fu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Student Health ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Campus Environment ◽  
The Status

College students represent a large group of people who frequently travel across regions, which increased their risk of infection and exacerbated the risk of COVID-19 spread throughout China. This study uses survey data from the end of April 2020 to analyze the status of COVID-19-infected cases, the group differences, and influencing factors in college students in Wuhan. The sample size was made up 4355 participants, including 70 COVID-19-infected students. We found that during the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, college students in Wuhan were primarily infected during off-campus events after winter break or infected in their hometowns after leaving Wuhan; the percentage of college students with severe cases was relatively low, and most had mild cases; however, a large proportion of asymptomatic cases may exist; there were significant group differences in gender, age and place of residence; and the risk of infection was closely related to the campus environment, in which the population density and number of faculty and students on campus had a significant impact. The results indicated that the infection of students did not occur at random, thus strengthening student health education and campus management can help curb the spread of COVID-19 among students.

Responsivity of Psychiatric Patients to Verbal Conditioning: “Success” and “Failure” Conditions and Pattern of Reinforced Trials

1963 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Weiss ◽  
Leonard Krasner ◽  
Leonard Ullmann
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Social Reinforcement ◽  
Verbal Conditioning ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Emotional Words ◽  
Evaluation Of Performance ◽  
Failure Conditions

A sample of 64 psychiatric patients was used to study responsiveness to minimal social reinforcement by means of operant verbal conditioning procedures. As in previous work with college students the effects of two types of situational variation were studied: pattern of reinforced trials and examiner's evaluation of performance. Ss told TAT-like stories and on selected trials the use of emotional words was reinforced. Highly significant conditioning was found, indicating that psychiatric patients are responsive to minimal social reinforcement. Significant group differences were not found, however, for either the success-failure dimension of examiner evaluation of performance, or for reinforced vs extinction trials. The results for patients agree with those reported earlier for students only insofar as the initial conditioning is concerned. In general, patients show initial responsiveness to examiner reinforcement, but they are not readily influenced by situational variations occurring later in the session.

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