AFFECT AND MORAL REASONING

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony B. Olejnik ◽  
Asenath A. Larue
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Defining Issues Test ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Impact

Temporary mood states were induced to determine the impact of affect on moral reasoning. College students were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: positive, negative, or neutral moods prior to completing the Defining Issues Test (DIT) of moral development. P-scores on the DIT were significantly higher in the positive affect condition than in either of the other conditions. These results are discussed in relation to previous studies on situational factors influencing moral judgments and social behaviors.

The Influence of Challenge Course Participation on Moral and Ethical Reasoning

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Smith ◽  
Sharon E. Strand ◽  
Camille J. Bunting
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
University Students ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Ethical Reasoning ◽  
Defining Issues Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Challenge Course ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of a 15-week outdoor experiential program on the moral reasoning of college students. One hundred and ninety-six university students volunteered to participate in this study, which utilized Rest's (1979) Defining Issues Test (DIT). The DIT investigates how individuals arrive at making decisions, and formulates a “P” (Principled moral reasoning) score for each subject. The groups were found to be homogeneous in moral reasoning at the pretest (outdoor experiential x = 36.07; control x = 33.08; F = 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference on the posttest scores of the outdoor experiential program participants (x = 40.98) in relation to the control group (x = 34.14) (F = 3.84). The results of this study demonstrated that the outdoor experiential program participants were significantly different from the control group at posttest. It is postulated that even though improved moral reasoning was not a stated objective, the outdoor experiential students, through front-loading, reflection, critical thinking, problem solving, and adherence to the full value contract, did enhance their level of moral reasoning. Through the combined modeling of behavior and discussion, changes in behavior can occur. The nature of outdoor experiential programs seems well suited to positively influence moral and ethical reasoning.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of microbial contamination of fuel filtration efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 169 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Rafał KRAKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entire System ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

In this paper the concept of filtration and the problem of microbial contamination occurring in the fuels and oils was presented. Then the factors influencing the growth of bacteria in petroleum products were described in detail. In the next part of the article modeling of the impact of fuel microbial contamination on filtration efficiency was performed. The modeling presented in the article is an example showing how undesirable phenomenon is the microbial contamination and how pollution affects the other elements of the entire system. As part of the modeling, numerical model of filtration with the solution was presented. Then analysis results on the basis of the impurities concentration characteristics in the fuel as a function of the fouling thickness in the partition of the filter is performed. The development of impurities was divided into three stages. In the article for one case the trend line was presented. The article was completed conclusions.

Moral Reasoning and Moral Character: Relationships between the Kohlberg and the Hogan Models

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Haier
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Empirical Relationships

The empirical relationships between Kohlberg's model of moral reasoning and Hogan's model of moral character were examined in 132 college students to test the hypothesis that moral judgments are a reflection of the structure of moral character. No relationships were found between measures of moral reasoning and measures of moral character. Kohlberg's measure of moral reasoning, however, was related to an alternative measure of moral reasoning ( r = .51, p < .01); moral character measures of empathy ( r = .40, p < .01) and socialization ( r = −.44, p < .01) were related to the use of marijuana as predicted. It was concluded that moral reasoning and moral character are empirically independent domains.

A unified interpretation of interferometric and holographic fringe patterns in photoelasticity

1978 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
P S Theocaris ◽  
E E Gdoutos
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Method ◽  
Infinite Plate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Mechanical Interference ◽  
Stress Directions ◽  
Fringe Patterns ◽  
The Individual

A unified interpretation of interferometric and holographic fringe patterns obtained from birefringent materials is presented by using physical concepts only. The two fundamental fringe systems, corresponding to the individual stress-optical retardations along the principal stress directions, are considered to recombine mechanically for the formation of isochromatic and isopachic fringe patterns. This mechanical interference is shown to be more pronounced only when certain conditions concerning the position and the spatial frequencies of the original systems are satisfied. It is shown that only one of the isochromatic and isopachic fringe patterns, corresponding to the shorter diagonals of the individual quadrangles, formed by the two initial fundamental fringe systems, is obtained under normal experimental conditions, and that it is possible to have in one region of the pattern one system and in another region the other. Both isochromatics and isopachics can be obtained only when special precautions are taken during the application of the particular experimental method. The factors influencing the formation of either the isochromatics or the isopachics, or both, are indicated and analysed. The existing confusion in the literature concerning the interpretation of holo-interferometric patterns is thoroughly discussed and clarified. Two simple examples—that is, the circular disc in diametral compression and the infinite plate with a circular hole in tension—are selected to show the main features in this interpretation.

scholarly journals Situational factors influencing social anxiety in treatment-seeking adults who stutter: An exploratory factor analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomosumi Haitani ◽  
Naomi Sakai ◽  
Koichi Mori ◽  
Tomohito Houjou
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
General Populations

Purpose: Adults who stutter (AWS) often show high levels of social anxiety. Stuttering is a speech disorder, making the latent factors influencing social anxiety potentially different from those in individuals with a social anxiety disorder (SAD) or general populations. This study aims to examine the situational factors influencing social anxiety in AWS.Methods: We analyzed data of 351 AWS using the fear/anxiety scale in the Japanese self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). We conducted exploratory factor analysis and investigated subscale scores.Results: We extracted five factors: (i) eating, drinking, and party, (ii) telephone, (iii) observation or non-speech, (iv) interaction with strangers, and (v) public speaking. The factor for telephone was newly extracted, and anxiety in telephone situations was poorly explained by the total score of fear/anxiety of the LSAS. On the other hand, the other four factors are similar to those previously extracted in individuals with SAD and general populations, and more than 60% of the variance of the subscale constructs was explained by the total score. Preliminary comparisons revealed that AWS had saliently higher anxiety in telephone situations and lower anxiety in observation or non-speech situations than individuals with anxiety disorders and Japanese university students.Conclusions: The factor for telephone was uniquely extracted in AWS, and the severity of anxiety in telephone situations was not explained well by the overall severity of social anxiety as a whole. Telephone situations have specific impacts on social anxiety in AWS.

scholarly journals Factors Determining the Choice of a Career in Geriatrics among Students in Geriatric in-Hospital Training: A Prospective Study of 74 Medical Students

Geriatrics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Valentine Nuss ◽  
Jérémy Barben ◽  
Caroline Laborde ◽  
Jérémie Vovelle ◽  
Martha Deidda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Geriatric Patients ◽  
The Other ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Medical Studies ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Geriatric Hospital ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of

To understand why students in the 2nd cycle of medical studies choose to complete a Diploma of Specialized Studies (DSS) in geriatrics, we conducted a study to identify the factors influencing the choice of a future specialty. In addition, we assessed the impact of clinical in-hospital training (CIHT) in a geriatric hospital on the students’ selection of their future specialty. We included all students who completed CIHT in the geriatric facility of our University Hospital between 1 May and 31 October 2018. Data were collected using a two-part questionnaire: one part was given before CIHT and the other after. The students were classified into two groups: those considering a career in geriatrics (CIG) before CIHT, forming the group DSS geriatrics+ (GDSSG+), and those not considering it, constituting the group DSS geriatrics− (GDSSG−). Seventy-four students aged 22 years old were included. Of these students, 26% were considering a CIG before CIHT. This rate increased significantly to 42% after CIHT (p = 0.04). However, none of the students who indicated that they were potentially interested in pursuing geriatrics before CIHT preselected geriatrics as their first option. For more than 92% of the students, the comprehensive care of geriatric patients was an asset. The main drawbacks were diagnostic and therapeutic limitations (60% of students), then managing aging, disability, and neurocognitive disorders (55% of students). After CIHT, the view of geriatrics improved by 74%. In conclusion, geriatric CIHT improves students’ opinions of geriatrics and increases the number of students considering a CIG. However, geriatrics still suffers from a lack of prestige.

Authoritarianism, Creativity, and other Correlates of the Famous Sayings Test

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Eisenman ◽  
Jerome J. Platt
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personality Tests ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Mitigating Circumstances

The four subscales of Bass's Famous Sayings test were compared with brief measures of authoritarianism, creativity, extraversion, response acquiescence, and moral judgments in mitigating circumstances. Intercorrelations among the subscales of Bass's test were similar to those obtained by Vidulich and Bass (1960), while correlations with the other personality tests showed several significant relationships consistent with expectations. In this sample of college students ( N = 59) hostility correlated significantly with both authoritarianism (.26) and creativity (.40).

scholarly journals Moral thinking across the world: Exploring the influence of personal force and intention in moral dilemma judgments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bence Bago ◽  
Balazs Aczel ◽  
Zoltan Kekecs ◽  
John Protzko ◽  
Marton Kovacs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moral Judgment ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Moral Judgments ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
Large N ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Much research on moral judgment is centered on moral dilemmas in which deontological perspectives (i.e., emphasizing rules, individual rights and duties) are in conflict with utilitarian judgements (i.e., following the greater good defined through consequences). A central finding of this field Greene et al. showed that psychological and situational factors (e.g., the intent of the agent, or physical contact between the agent and the victim) play an important role in people’s use of deontological versus utilitarian considerations when making moral decisions. As their study was conducted with US samples, our knowledge is limited concerning the universality of this effect, in general, and the impact of culture on the situational and psychological factors of moral judgments, in particular. Here, we empirically test the universality of deontological and utilitarian judgments by replicating Greene et al.’s experiments on a large (N = X,XXX) and diverse (WEIRD and non-WEIRD) sample across the world to explore the influence of culture on moral judgment. The relevance of this exploration to a broad range of policy-making problems is discussed.

Reciprocal Peer Tutoring: A Multimodal Assessment of Effectiveness with College Students

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Fantuzzo ◽  
Linda A. Dimeff ◽  
Shari L. Fox
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Peer Tutoring ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Reciprocal Peer Tutoring ◽  
The Impact

This study assessed the effect of reciprocal peer tutoring on the academic performance of college students, and measured the impact of this procedure on levels of student distress and course satisfaction. Forty-nine students were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions: reciprocal peer tutoring (RPT), questions only (QO), and placebo control (PC). There were no significant group differences in demographic variables or pretest scores. Results indicated that the RPT condition resulted in greater improvement in exam scores, reduction in distress, and greater student satisfaction.

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