scholarly journals Autocrine/Paracrine Role of Inflammation-Mediated Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Adrenomedullin Expression in Human Adipose Tissue

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (6) ◽  
pp. 2699-2708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Linscheid ◽  
Dalma Seboek ◽  
Henryk Zulewski ◽  
Ulrich Keller ◽  
Beat Müller
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Glycerol Release ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Metabolic Role ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Human adipose tissue is a contributor to inflammation- and sepsis-induced elevation of serum procalcitonin (ProCT). Several calcitonin (CT) peptides, including ProCT, CT gene-related peptide (CGRP), and adrenomedullin (ADM) are suspected mediators in human inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we aimed to explore the expression, interactions, and potential roles of adipocyte-derived CT peptide production. Expression of CT peptide-specific transcripts was analyzed by RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR in human adipose tissue biopsies and three different inflammation-challenged human adipocyte models. ProCT, CGRP, and ADM secretions were assessed by immunological methods. Adipocyte transcriptional activity, glycerol release, and insulin-mediated glucose transport were studied after exogenous CGRP and ADM exposure. With the exception of amylin, CT peptides were expressed in adipose tissue biopsies from septic patients, inflammation-activated mature explanted adipocytes, and macrophage-activated preadipocyte-derived adipocytes. ProCT and CGRP productions were significantly augmented in IL-1β and lipopolysaccharide-challenged mesenchymal stem cell-derived adipocytes but not in undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells. In contrast, ADM expression occurred before and after adipogenic differentiation. Interferon-γ coadministration inhibited IL-1β-mediated ProCT and CGRP secretion by 78 and 34%, respectively but augmented IL-1β-mediated ADM secretion by 50%. Exogenous CGRP and ADM administration induced CT, CGRP I, and CGRP II mRNAs and dose-dependently (10−10 and 10−6m) enhanced glycerol release. In contrast, no CGRP- and ADM-mediated effects were noted on ADM, TNFα, and IL-1β mRNA abundances. In summary, CGRP and ADM are two differentially regulated novel adipose tissue secretion factors exerting autocrine/paracrine roles. Their lipolytic effect (glycerol release) suggests a metabolic role in adipocytes during inflammation.

Importance of the Cyclic AMP Concentration for the Rate of Lipolysis in Human Adipose Tissue

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Arner ◽  
J. Östman
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Glycerol Release ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Release Of Glycerol

1. The activation of lipolysis on incubation of human subcutaneous adipose tissue was examined in terms of the relationship between the release of glycerol and the concentration of tissue cyclic AMP. 2. A strong positive correlation was obtained between the maximum concentration of cyclic AMP and the rate of glycerol release in the presence of noradrenaline (r = 0.9), whereas, in the basal state, these two parameters were only weakly correlated (r = 0.45). 3. It appears that the noradrenaline-induced rate of lipolysis depends upon the maximal concentration of cyclic AMP that is present in human adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Inhibition of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Activity in Vivo Limits Glucocorticoid Exposure to Human Adipose Tissue and Decreases Lipolysis

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy W. Tomlinson ◽  
Mark Sherlock ◽  
Beverley Hughes ◽  
Susan V. Hughes ◽  
Fiona Kilvington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Continuous Treatment ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Glycerol Release

Abstract Context: The pathophysiological importance of glucocorticoids (GCs) is exemplified by patients with Cushing’s syndrome who develop hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance. At a cellular level, availability of GCs to the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors is controlled by the isoforms of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD). In liver and adipose tissue, 11β-HSD1 converts endogenous, inactive cortisone to active cortisol but also catalyzes the bioactivation of the synthetic prednisone to prednisolone. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare markers of 11β-HSD1 activity and demonstrate that inhibition of 11β-HSD1 activity limits glucocorticoid availability to adipose tissue. Design and Setting: This was a clinical study. Patients: Seven healthy male volunteers participated in the study. Intervention: Intervention included carbenoxolone (CBX) single dose (100 mg) and 72 hr of continuous treatment (300 mg/d). Main Outcome Measures: Inhibition of 11β-HSD1 was monitored using five different mechanistic biomarkers (serum cortisol and prednisolone generation, urinary corticosteroid metabolite analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and adipose tissue microdialysis examining cortisol generation and glucocorticoid-mediated glycerol release). Results: Each biomarker demonstrated reduced 11β-HSD1 activity after CBX administration. After both a single dose and 72 hr of treatment with CBX, cortisol and prednisolone generation decreased as did the urinary tetrahydrocortisol+5α-tetrahydrocortisol to tetrahydrocortisone ratio. Using adipose tissue microdialysis, we observed decreased interstitial fluid cortisol availability with CBX treatment. Furthermore, a functional consequence of 11β-HSD1 inhibition was observed, namely decreased prednisone-induced glycerol release into adipose tissue interstitial fluid indicative of inhibition of GC-mediated lipolysis. Conclusion: CBX is able to inhibit rapidly the generation of active GC in human adipose tissue. Importantly, limiting GC availability in vivo has functional consequences including decreased glycerol release.

Glucose Metabolites in Blood and Adipose Tissue of Obese Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Subjects

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
M. A. Page ◽  
D. J. Galton
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Uridine Diphosphate ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diphosphate Glucose ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

1. Glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate, fructose diphosphate, glycerol phosphate and uridine diphosphate glucose have been measured in human adipose tissue and blood from obese subjects under fed and fasting conditions and in obese diabetic and non-diabetic subjects before and after an oral glucose load (100 g). 2. Adipose tissue metabolites expressed as nmol/g wet weight correlated inversely with adipocyte diameter. 3. After fasting, fructose diphosphate and glycerol phosphate in adipose tissue decreased significantly. 4. The basal concentrations of metabolites in blood and adipose tissue were maintained at similar concentrations in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects despite very different blood glucose concentrations. 5. The significant increase in adipose tissue glucose 6-phosphate after the glucose load seen in the non-diabetic but not in the diabetic subjects suggests that glucose uptake is decreased in the diabetic adipocyte.

scholarly journals Enhanced Regeneration of Vascularized Adipose Tissue with Dual 3D-Printed Elastic Polymer/dECM Hydrogel Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 2886
Author(s):  
Soojin Lee ◽  
Hyun Su Lee ◽  
Justin J. Chung ◽  
Soo Hyun Kim ◽  
Jong Woong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Type I ◽  
Adipose Tissue Engineering ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

A flexible and bioactive scaffold for adipose tissue engineering was fabricated and evaluated by dual nozzle three-dimensional printing. A highly elastic poly (L-lactide-co-ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) copolymer, which acted as the main scaffolding, and human adipose tissue derived decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels were used as the printing inks to form the scaffolds. To prepare the three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds, the PLCL co-polymer was printed with a hot melting extruder system while retaining its physical character, similar to adipose tissue, which is beneficial for regeneration. Moreover, to promote adipogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, adipose tissue-derived dECM was used. To optimize the printability of the hydrogel inks, a mixture of collagen type I and dECM hydrogels was used. Furthermore, we examined the adipose tissue formation and angiogenesis of the PLCL/dECM complex scaffold. From in vivo experiments, it was observed that the matured adipose-like tissue structures were abundant, and the number of matured capillaries was remarkably higher in the hydrogel–PLCL group than in the PLCL-only group. Moreover, a higher expression of M2 macrophages, which are known to be involved in the remodeling and regeneration of tissues, was detected in the hydrogel–PLCL group by immunofluorescence analysis. Based on these results, we suggest that our PLCL/dECM fabricated by a dual 3D printing system will be useful for the treatment of large volume fat tissue regeneration.

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