Age-Related Failure of Endocytosis May Be the Pathogenetic Mechanism Responsible for “Cold” Follicle Formation in the Aging Mouse Thyroid*

We examined the relationship between age-associated lusitropic impairment, heart rate, and Ca2+-handling proteins and assessed the efficacy of increasing left ventricular (LV) relaxation via β-adrenergic stimulation in adult and aging mouse hearts. LV function was measured in isolated, isovolumic blood-perfused hearts from adult (5 mo), old (24 mo), and senescent (34 mo) mice. Hearts were paced from 5 to 10 Hz, returned to 7 Hz, exposed to 10−6 M isoproterenol, and paced again from 7 to 10 Hz. Age-related alterations in Na+/Ca2+exchanger (NCX), sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a), and phospholamban (PLB) levels were assessed by immunoblot. Despite preserved contractile performance, aging caused impaired lusitropy. Increased pacing caused an elevation in end-diastolic pressure that progressively worsened with age. The time constant of isovolumic pressure decay (τ) was significantly prolonged in old and senescent hearts compared with adults. Relative to adult hearts, the SERCA2a-to-PLB ratios were reduced 68 and 69%, and NCX were reduced 37 and 58% in old and senescent hearts, respectively. Isoproterenol completely reversed the age-associated lusitropic impairments. These data suggest that impaired lusitropy in aging mouse hearts is related to a decreased rate of cytosolic Ca2+ removal and that accelerating SR Ca2+ resequestration via β-adrenergic stimulation can reverse this impairment.

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Thymus metallothionein: regulation of zinc-thionein in the aging mouse

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology ◽

10.1139/o85-013 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 91-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

R. W. Olafson

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Early Onset ◽

Molecular Basis ◽

Mouse Thymus ◽

Age Related ◽

Thymus Tissue ◽

Aging Mouse ◽

Zinc Concentrations ◽

Zinc Levels ◽

Immune Dysfunctions

The presence of a zinc-inducible metallothionein in mouse thymus tissue has been shown, together with an age-related modulation of zinc, metallothionein, and thymus mass. Metallothionein (MT) and zinc concentrations were found to be maximum prior to completion of thymic growth and to be at a minimum when development of the thymus had ceased. Subsequent transient outgrowths of the thymus during involution showed similar associated fluctuations of MT and zinc levels. A marked difference in the latter parameters was found on comparison with New Zealand Black mice known for development of early onset autoimmunities. These findings provide a new avenue for both investigation of the regulation of zinc in thymus tissue, as well as the possible elucidation of the molecular basis for certain age-related immune dysfunctions.

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Age-related loss of neuronal nicotinic receptor expression in the aging mouse hippocampus corresponds with cyclooxygenase-2 and PPAR? expression and is altered by long-term NS398 administration

Journal of Neurobiology ◽

10.1002/neu.20106 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 453-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Lorise C. Gahring ◽

Karina Persiyanov ◽

Emily L. Days ◽

Scott W. Rogers

Keyword(s):

Nicotinic Receptor ◽

Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Neuronal Nicotinic Receptor ◽

Age Related ◽

Aging Mouse ◽

Mouse Hippocampus

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Angelica Sinensis Polysaccharide Prevents Hematopoietic Stem Cells Senescence in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mouse Model

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2017/3508907 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Xinyi Mu ◽

Yanyan Zhang ◽

Jing Li ◽

Jieyu Xia ◽

Xiongbin Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Nuclear Translocation ◽

Protective Role ◽

Positive Control ◽

Angelica Sinensis ◽

Dna Double Strand Breaks ◽

Hematopoietic Stem ◽

Age Related ◽

Aging Mouse

Age-related regression in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSC/HPCs) limits replenishment of the blood and immune system and hence contributes to hematopoietic diseases and declined immunity. In this study, we employed D-gal-induced aging mouse model and observed the antiaging effects of Angelica Sinensis Polysaccharide (ASP), a major active ingredient in dong quai (Chinese Angelica Sinensis), on the Sca-1+ HSC/HPCs in vivo. ASP treatment prevents HSC/HPCs senescence with decreased AGEs levels in the serum, reduced SA-β-Gal positive cells, and promoted CFU-Mix formation in the D-gal administrated mouse. We further found that multiple mechanisms were involved: (1) ASP treatment prevented oxidative damage as total antioxidant capacity was increased and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), 8-OHdG, and 4-HNE were declined, (2) ASP reduced the expression of γ-H2A.X which is a DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) marker and decreased the subsequent ectopic expressions of effectors in p16Ink4a-RB and p19Arf-p21Cip1/Waf senescent pathways, and (3) ASP inhibited the excessive activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in aged HSC/HPCs, as the expressions of β-catenin, phospho-GSK-3β, and TCF-4 were decreased, and the cyto-nuclear translocation of β-catenin was inhibited. Moreover, compared with the positive control of Vitamin E, ASP exhibited a better antiaging effect and a weaker antioxidation ability, suggesting a novel protective role of ASP in the hematopoietic system.

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Spindle shaped bodies in foveolar cones of the baboon retina

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010015678x ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 960-961

Author(s):

W. Krebs ◽

I. Krebs

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Inclusion Bodies ◽

Photoreceptor Cells ◽

Papio Anubis ◽

Retinal Photoreceptor ◽

Age Related ◽

Cone Cells ◽

Membrane Bound ◽

Oriented Parallel ◽

Shaped Inclusion

Various inclusion bodies occur in vertebrate retinal photoreceptor cells. Most of them are membrane bound and associated with phagocytosis or they are age related residual bodies. We found an additional inclusion body in foveal cone cells of the baboon (Papio anubis) retina.The eyes of a 15 year old baboon were fixed by immersion in cacodylate buffered glutaraldehyde (2%)/formaldehyde (2%) as described in detail elsewhere . Pieces of retina from various locations, including the fovea, were embedded in epoxy resin such that radial or tangential sections could be cut.Spindle shaped inclusion bodies were found in the cytoplasm of only foveal cones. They were abundant in the inner segments, close to the external limiting membrane (Fig. 1). But they also occurred in the outer fibers, the perikarya, and the inner fibers (Henle’s fibers) of the cone cells. The bodies were between 0.5 and 2 μm long. Their central diameter was 0.2 to 0. 3 μm. They always were oriented parallel to the long axis of the cone cells. In longitudinal sections (Figs. 2,3) they seemed to have a fibrous skeleton that, in cross sections, turned out to consist of plate-like (Fig.4) and tubular profiles (Fig. 5).

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Autophagy and ageing: implications for age-related neurodegenerative diseases

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0550119 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

pp. 119-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Bernadette Carroll ◽

Graeme Hewitt ◽

Viktor I. Korolchuk

Keyword(s):

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Energy Availability ◽

Future Studies ◽

Intracellular Degradation ◽

Age Related ◽

Autophagy Induction ◽

Social Importance ◽

Cellular Dysfunction ◽

Autophagy Activity ◽

Intense Research

Autophagy is a process of lysosome-dependent intracellular degradation that participates in the liberation of resources including amino acids and energy to maintain homoeostasis. Autophagy is particularly important in stress conditions such as nutrient starvation and any perturbation in the ability of the cell to activate or regulate autophagy can lead to cellular dysfunction and disease. An area of intense research interest is the role and indeed the fate of autophagy during cellular and organismal ageing. Age-related disorders are associated with increased cellular stress and assault including DNA damage, reduced energy availability, protein aggregation and accumulation of damaged organelles. A reduction in autophagy activity has been observed in a number of ageing models and its up-regulation via pharmacological and genetic methods can alleviate age-related pathologies. In particular, autophagy induction can enhance clearance of toxic intracellular waste associated with neurodegenerative diseases and has been comprehensively demonstrated to improve lifespan in yeast, worms, flies, rodents and primates. The situation, however, has been complicated by the identification that autophagy up-regulation can also occur during ageing. Indeed, in certain situations, reduced autophagosome induction may actually provide benefits to ageing cells. Future studies will undoubtedly improve our understanding of exactly how the multiple signals that are integrated to control appropriate autophagy activity change during ageing, what affect this has on autophagy and to what extent autophagy contributes to age-associated pathologies. Identification of mechanisms that influence a healthy lifespan is of economic, medical and social importance in our ‘ageing’ world.

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Differentiating Beyond Name Agreement for Picture Naming: Insight From Age-Related Selection Deficits

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2018_jslhr-l-18-0095 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 1373-1380

Author(s):

Daniel L. Madden ◽

Martin V. Sale ◽

Gail A. Robinson

Keyword(s):

Picture Naming ◽

Name Agreement ◽

Age Related

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Oral and Oropharyngeal Sensory Function in Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2019_ajslp-19-00095 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 864-872

Author(s):

Fernanda Borowsky da Rosa ◽

Adriane Schmidt Pasqualoto ◽

Catriona M. Steele ◽

Renata Mancopes

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Thermal Sensation ◽

Sensory Function ◽

Control Group ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Age Related ◽

Copd Patients

Introduction The oral cavity and pharynx have a rich sensory system composed of specialized receptors. The integrity of oropharyngeal sensation is thought to be fundamental for safe and efficient swallowing. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at risk for oropharyngeal sensory impairment due to frequent use of inhaled medications and comorbidities including gastroesophageal reflux disease. Objective This study aimed to describe and compare oral and oropharyngeal sensory function measured using noninstrumental clinical methods in adults with COPD and healthy controls. Method Participants included 27 adults (18 men, nine women) with a diagnosis of COPD and a mean age of 66.56 years ( SD = 8.68). The control group comprised 11 healthy adults (five men, six women) with a mean age of 60.09 years ( SD = 11.57). Spirometry measures confirmed reduced functional expiratory volumes (% predicted) in the COPD patients compared to the control participants. All participants completed a case history interview and underwent clinical evaluation of oral and oropharyngeal sensation by a speech-language pathologist. The sensory evaluation explored the detection of tactile and temperature stimuli delivered by cotton swab to six locations in the oral cavity and two in the oropharynx as well as identification of the taste of stimuli administered in 5-ml boluses to the mouth. Analyses explored the frequencies of accurate responses regarding stimulus location, temperature and taste between groups, and between age groups (“≤ 65 years” and “> 65 years”) within the COPD cohort. Results We found significantly higher frequencies of reported use of inhaled medications ( p < .001) and xerostomia ( p = .003) in the COPD cohort. Oral cavity thermal sensation ( p = .009) was reduced in the COPD participants, and a significant age-related decline in gustatory sensation was found in the COPD group ( p = .018). Conclusion This study found that most of the measures of oral and oropharyngeal sensation remained intact in the COPD group. Oral thermal sensation was impaired in individuals with COPD, and reduced gustatory sensation was observed in the older COPD participants. Possible links between these results and the use of inhaled medication by individuals with COPD are discussed.

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