The Pathogenic Role of AIP Mutations – The Importance of the Integration of Clinical, Experimental and Modeling Data on Advising Patients and Their Families with Pituitary Adenoma Predisposition.

Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene (PTTG) of human is known as a checkpoint gene in the middle and late stages of mitosis, and is also a proto-oncogene that promotes cell cycle progression. In the nucleus, PTTG works as securin in controlling the mid-term segregation of sister chromatids. Overexpression of PTTG, entering the nucleus with the help of PBF in pituitary adenomas, participates in the regulation of cell cycle, interferes with DNA repair, induces genetic instability, transactivates FGF-2 and VEGF and promotes angiogenesis and tumor invasion. Simultaneously, overexpression of PTTG induces tumor cell senescence through the DNA damage pathway, making pituitary adenoma possessing the potential self-limiting ability. To elucidate the mechanism of PTTG in the regulation of pituitary adenomas, we focus on both the positive and negative function of PTTG and find out key factors interacted with PTTG in pituitary adenomas. Furthermore, we discuss other possible mechanisms correlate with PTTG in pituitary adenoma initiation and development and the potential value of PTTG in clinical treatment.

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Pathogenic potential of Parabacteroides distasonis revealed in a splenic abscess case: a truth unfolded

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-236701 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. e236701

Author(s):

Anitha Gunalan ◽

Rakhi Biswas ◽

Balamurugan Sridharan ◽

Thirthar Palanivelu Elamurugan

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Case Report ◽

Antimicrobial Therapy ◽

Splenic Abscess ◽

Rare Entity ◽

Normal Flora ◽

Pathogenic Role ◽

Pathogenic Potential ◽

Open Splenectomy

Splenic abscess is a rare entity, however if unrecognised or left untreated, it is invariably fatal. We herein report a case of splenic abscess in a 40-year-old man presenting with fever, left-sided abdominal pain, altered sensorium and vomiting. On clinical examination, hepatosplenomegaly was noted and the ultrasound of the abdomen showed multiple hypoechoic regions in the upper pole of spleen, and the diagnosis of splenic abscess was made. The patient received antimicrobial therapy and underwent an open splenectomy with full recovery. Pus aspirated from the splenic abscess grew an unusual organism named Parabacteroides distasonis. In the literature, there are only a few recorded cases of P. distasonis causing splenic abscess. Through this case report, we would like to emphasise the pathogenic role of P. distasonis in causing clinical disease, as this organism is typically known to constitute a part of the normal flora.

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Experimental evidence of pathogenic role of IgG autoantibodies in IgA nephropathy

Journal of Autoimmunity ◽

10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102593 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 118 ◽

pp. 102593

Author(s):

Zina Moldoveanu ◽

Hitoshi Suzuki ◽

Colin Reily ◽

Kenji Satake ◽

Lea Novak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Evidence ◽

Iga Nephropathy ◽

Pathogenic Role

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Therapeutic Role of Tocilizumab in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cytokine Storm: Rationale and Current Evidence

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22063059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 3059

Author(s):

Corrado Pelaia ◽

Cecilia Calabrese ◽

Eugenio Garofalo ◽

Andrea Bruni ◽

Alessandro Vatrella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Review Article ◽

Lung Damage ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Cytokine Storm ◽

Future Perspectives ◽

Pathogenic Role ◽

Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Life Threatening

Among patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) syndrome, one of the worst possible scenarios is represented by the critical lung damage caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced cytokine storm, responsible for a potentially very dangerous hyperinflammatory condition. Within such a context, interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a key pathogenic role, thus being a suitable therapeutic target. Indeed, the IL-6-receptor antagonist tocilizumab, already approved for treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis, is often used to treat patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms and lung involvement. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to focus on the rationale of tocilizumab utilization in the SARS-CoV-2-triggered cytokine storm, as well as to discuss current evidence and future perspectives, especially with regard to ongoing trials referring to the evaluation of tocilizumab’s therapeutic effects in patients with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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