The Effects of Short-Term Administration of Two Low DosesVersusthe Standard GH Replacement Dose on Insulin Sensitivity and Fasting Glucose Levels in Young Healthy Adults

1. A study on seven Caucasian glucose-tolerant women with previous gestational diabetes and seven matched control subjects is presented. The insulin response to oral glucose, insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose production rates were measured by using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test, an insulin tolerance test and a non-radioactive tracer, [6,6-2H]glucose, respectively. 2. Fasting plasma glucose levels were similar between the women with previous gestational diabetes and the control subjects (4.8 ± 0.3 versus 4.7 ± 0.2 mmol/l), as were fasting plasma insulin levels (median 4 m-units/l, range 1–13 m-units/l versus median 4 m-units/l, range 1–24 m-units/l). After oral glucose the 60 min plasma glucose levels in the women with previous gestational diabetes were significantly higher (8.5 ± 0.6 versus 6.7 ± 0.8 mmol/l, P < 0.05), whereas the plasma insulin level was significantly lower at both 30 min (median 23 m-units/l, range 4–47 m-units/l versus median 55 m-units/l, range 23–100 m-units/l, P < 0.02) and at 60 min (median 23 m-units/l, range 4–43 m-units/l versus median 60 m-units/l, range 16–126 m-units/l, P< 0.02). 3. Insulin sensitivity, expressed as the slope of the regression line of plasma glucose level against time after intravenous infusion of insulin (0.05 unit/kg), was similar in the women with previous gestational diabetes and the control subjects (mean slope, −0.17 ± 0.01 versus −0.17 ± 0.01). 4. Fasting glucose production rates were similar in the women with previous gestational diabetes and the control subjects (2.2 ± 0.3 versus 1.9 ± 0.1 mg min−1 kg−1). 5. Women with previous gestational diabetes, a group at risk of future non-insulin-dependent diabetes, have abnormalities of insulin release at a time when insulin sensitivity and fasting glucose production are normal.

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Effect of consumption of a carob pod inositol-enriched beverage on insulin sensitivity and inflammation in middle-aged prediabetic subjects

Food & Function ◽

10.1039/c6fo01021k ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 4379-4387 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Celia Bañuls ◽

Susana Rovira-Llopis ◽

Sandra López-Doménech ◽

Silvia Veses ◽

Víctor M. Víctor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Body Mass ◽

Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Carob Pod

This study assessed the effects of an inositol-enriched beverage (IEB) on blood glucose levels and inflammation status in subjects with an impaired fasting glucose (IFG) state according to body mass index (BMI).

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Effects of short-term oral salbutamol administration on exercise endurance and metabolism

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.2000.89.2.430 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 89 (2) ◽

pp. 430-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

K. Collomp ◽

R. Candau ◽

F. Lasne ◽

Z. Labsy ◽

C. Préfaut ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Submaximal Exercise ◽

Short Term ◽

Double Blind ◽

Male Athletes ◽

C Peptide ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Term Administration ◽

Exercise Endurance

The present study examined whether oral short-term administration of salbutamol (Sal) modifies performance and selected hormonal and metabolic variables during submaximal exercise. Eight recreational male athletes completed two cycling trials at 80–85% peak O2 consumption until exhaustion after either gelatin placebo (Pla) or oral Sal (12 mg/day for 3 wk) treatment, according to a double-blind and randomized protocol. Blood samples were collected at rest, after 5, 10, and 15 min, and at exhaustion to determine growth hormone (GH), cortisol, testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3), C peptide, free fatty acid (FFA), blood glucose, lactate, and blood urea values. Time of cycling was significantly increased after chronic Sal intake (Sal: 30.5 ± 3.1 vs. Pla: 23.7 ± 1.6 min, P < 0.05). No change in any variable was found before cycling except a decrease in blood urea concentration and an increase in T3 after Sal that remained significant throughout the exercise test ( P < 0.05). Compared with rest, exercise resulted in a significant increase in GH, cortisol, testosterone, T3, FFAs, and lactate and a decrease in C peptide after both treatments with higher exercise FFA levels and exhaustion GH concentrations after Sal ( P < 0.05). Sal but not Pla significantly decreased exercise blood glucose levels. From these data, short-term Sal intake did appear to improve performance during intense submaximal exercise with concomitant increase in substrate availability and utilization, but the exact mechanisms involved need further investigation.

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Effects of GH on urea, glucose and lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity during fasting in GH-deficient patients

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00092.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 285 (4) ◽

pp. E737-E743 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Helene Nørrelund ◽

Christian Djurhuus ◽

Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen ◽

Søren Nielsen ◽

K. Sreekumaran Nair ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Dilution Technique ◽

Short Term ◽

Euglycemic Hyperinsulinemic Clamp ◽

Major Health ◽

Isotope Dilution Technique ◽

Gh Replacement ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

Lipid Utilization

Fasting-related states of distress pose major health problems, and growth hormone (GH) plays a key role in this context. The present study was designed to assess the effects of GH on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity during short-term fasting. Six GH-deficient adults underwent 42.5 h of fasting on two occasions, with and without concomitant GH replacement. Palmitate and urea fluxes were measured with the steady-state isotope dilution technique after infusion of [9,10-3H]palmitate and [13C]urea. During fasting with GH replacement, palmitate concentrations and fluxes increased by 50% [palmitate: 378 ± 42 (GH) vs. 244 ± 12 μmol/l, P < 0.05; palmitate: 412 ± 58 (GH) vs. 276 ± 42 μM, P = 0.05], and urea turnover and excretion decreased by 30–35% [urea rate of appearance: 336 ± 22 (GH) vs. 439 ± 43 μmol · kg–1 · h–1, P < 0.01; urea excretion: 445 ± 43 (GH) vs. 602 ± 74 mmol/24 h, P < 0.05]. Insulin sensitivity (determined by a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp) was significantly decreased [M value: 1.26 ± 0.06 (GH) vs. 2.07 ± 0.22 mg · kg–1 · min–1, P < 0.01] during fasting with GH replacement. In conclusion, continued GH replacement during fasting in GH-deficient adults decreases insulin sensitivity, increases lipid utilization, and conserves protein.

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Short-term administration of dark chocolate is followed by a significant increase in insulin sensitivity and a decrease in blood pressure in healthy persons

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/81.3.611 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 81 (3) ◽

pp. 611-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 329

Author(s):

Davide Grassi ◽

Cristina Lippi ◽

Stefano Necozione ◽

Giovambattista Desideri ◽

Claudio Ferri

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Dark Chocolate ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Administration ◽

Healthy Persons

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Effect of Whey Protein on Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Metabolism in Women with and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzaa049_053 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 660-660

Author(s):

Lily Sebastian ◽

Shenavia Balcom-Luker ◽

Kayleigh Kaiser ◽

Irene Low ◽

Emily Zumbro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Whey Protein ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Before And After

Abstract Objectives This study focuses on the metabolic effects of whey protein isolate (WPI) supplementation glucose and insulin metabolism in women with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Affecting up to 20% of post-puberty aged females around the world, PCOS is identified by three main symptoms: increased levels of androgens, irregular cycles, and the presence of ovarian cysts. Women with PCOS tend to be insulin resistant and have faulty insulin signaling. We hypothesize that because WPI has been seen to increase insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic populations, it will attenuate blood glucose and insulin levels and in women with PCOS. Methods 15 women with PCOS and 14 women without PCOS (CON) underwent four 150-min oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT): (i) baseline (no protein), (ii) Day 20 (iii) and Day 40 of WPI preload. Daily, participants consumed 35 g WPI 30 min before glucose load on test days. Plasma levels of glucose and insulin were assessed using a Biolis 24i chemistry analyzer. Additionally, variations in gene expression levels of glucose metabolism regulators, e.g., GLUT-4, were analyzed in 3T3-L1 cells under normal and PCOS-simulated conditions using qt-PCR before and after WPI supplementation. Results At baseline, both PCOS and CON women had similar fasting glucose levels (107.2 ± 19.54 and 101.14 ± 11.03 respectively). After 20 days of WPI supplementation, fasting glucose increased (103.75 ± 0.5 and 117.25 ± 9.60) but was attenuated by Day 40 (91.5 ± 0.71 and 94.5 ± 0.71). Furthermore, the baseline levels of GLUT-4 expression between women with PCOS (2.698 ± 0.145) and CON (2.188, ± 0.062) were not statistically different. Levels of gene expression post-supplementation with WPI are in the process of being measured. And lastly, plasma insulin levels are in the progress of being measured for both populations before and after supplementation. Conclusions Preliminary analysis indicates that upon WPI supplementation, both groups glucose levels increased after 20 days, but was then attenuated by Day 40, with a slightly greater effect in the PCOS group compared to CON. Overall, our data indicates that WPI may be a potential dietary approach to better managing the symptoms of PCOS. Funding Sources Glanbia Nutritionals, Human Nutrition Research Funds, and Texas Woman's University.

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