scholarly journals SAT-436 Long-Term Analysis of Weight Change Following Thyroidectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reece Moore ◽  
Parker McDuffie ◽  
Keri Broadley ◽  
Denise Carneiro-Pla ◽  
Mahsa Javid
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Thyroid Cancer Patient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Operation

Abstract Introduction: Weight gain is a common source of apprehension for patients undergoing thyroidectomy. However, contradictory reports exist regarding the presence and degree of weight gain following thyroid surgery and all known studies have short term follow-up This study evaluated weight changes following total thyroidectomy (TT) and lobectomy (L) over an extended time period. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed of weight changes following surgery for patients who underwent TT or L (n=387) as compared with those undergoing parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (n=201) in a tertiary referral hospital between 2007-2012. Clinical, demographic and pre- and postoperative weight data was collected with a median follow-up of 55.6 months. Results: Postoperative weight change was observed at 1, 6, 12, and 36-months in patients who underwent TT (μ=+0.21kg, μ=+1.33kg, μ=+0.59kg, μ=+0.60kg; p<0.05) and at 6-months for patients who underwent L (μ=+0.93kg, p<0.05) compared with those who underwent parathyroidectomy. Patients having TT and L showed a general trend of weight gain compared to the control group up to 108-months post-operation; however, this weight gain was non-significant (p<0.05). Significant postoperative weight gain was observed in patients who had TT (1-month μ=+0.40kg, 6-months μ=+2.14kg, and 12-months μ=+1.40kg) and L (6-months μ=+1.04kg) for benign conditions compared with the parathyroidectomy group. Patients who had TT gained 0.40kg more than L patients at 12-months post-op (p<0.05), but no significant difference existed at other time points up to 108-months. Tukey HSD post-hoc analysis showed weight gain in benign, thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer patient groups was not significantly different from 6-months to 108-months post-operation. Furthermore, neither race nor sex was correlated with weight gain. Relative risks with 95% CI for weight gain following TT and L compared to control are: 1-month TT=1.74, 0.96-3.14, L=1.59, 0.58-2.58; 6-month TT=1.27, 0.85-1.89, L=1.42, 0.85-2.11; 12-month TT=1.44, 0.92-2.28, L=1.34, 0.86-2.36; 24-month TT=1.17, 0.82-1.67, L=1.22, 0.69-1.60. In the group of patients who gained greater than 2kg, those who underwent TT had significant weight increase compared to the parathyroidectomy group at 6-months postoperatively (Mann-Whitney U, p=0.011). In the subgroup of patients with weight gain greater than 2kg, those who had L did not have significant weight increase at any time point. Conclusion: Weight change following TT when compared with parathyroidectomy is significant shortly after surgery. However, these changes are not significant at long-term follow-up.

scholarly journals Weight change over two years in people prescribed olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone in UK primary care: Cohort study in THIN, a UK primary care database

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1098-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
David PJ Osborn ◽  
Irene Petersen ◽  
Nick Beckley ◽  
Kate Walters ◽  
Irwin Nazareth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Baseline Weight ◽  
Care Database

Background: Follow-up studies of weight gain related to antipsychotic treatment beyond a year are limited in number. We compared weight change in the three most commonly prescribed antipsychotics in a representative UK General Practice database. Method: We conducted a cohort study in United Kingdom primary care records of people newly prescribed olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone. The primary outcome was weight in each six month period for two years after treatment initiation. Weight changes were compared using linear regression, adjusted for age, baseline weight and diagnosis. Results: N = 6338 people received olanzapine, 12,984 quetiapine and 6556 risperidone. Baseline weight was lowest for men treated with olanzapine (80.8 kg versus 83.5 kg quetiapine, 82.0 kg risperidone) and women treated with olanzapine (67.7 kg versus 71.5 kg quetiapine 68.4 kg risperidone. Weight gain occurred during treatment with all three drugs. Compared with risperidone mean weight gain was higher with olanzapine (adjusted co-efficient +1.24 kg (95% confidence interval: 0.69–1.79 kg per six months) for men and +0.77 kg (95% confidence interval: 0.29–1.24 kg) for women). Weight gain with quetiapine was lower in unadjusted models compared with risperidone, but this difference was not significant after adjustment. Conclusion: Olanzapine is more commonly prescribed to people with lower weight. However, after accounting for baseline weight, age, sex and diagnosis, olanzapine is still associated with greater weight gain over two years than risperidone or quetiapine. Baseline weight does not ameliorate the risks of weight gain associated with antipsychotic medication. Weight gain should be assertively discussed and managed for people prescribed antipsychotics, especially olanzapine.

The weight change impact on metabolic syndrome: a 17-year follow-up study

Open Medicine ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 788-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kwaśniewska ◽  
Dorota Kaleta ◽  
Anna Jegier ◽  
Tomasz Kostka ◽  
Elżbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Adjusted Relative Risk ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroduction: Data on long-term patterns of weight change in relation to the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) are scarce. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of weight change on the risk of MetS in men. Material and Methods: Prospective longitudinal observation (17.9 ± 8.1 years) of apparently healthy 324 men aged 18–64 years. Metabolic risk was assessed in weight gain (⩾ 2.5 kg), stable weight (> −2.5 kg and < 2.5 kg) and weight loss (⩽ −2.5 kg) groups. Adjusted relative risk (RR) of MetS was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of MetS over follow-up was 22.5%. There was a strong relationship between weight gain and worsening of MetS components among baseline overweight men. Long-term increase in weight was most strongly related with the risk of abdominal obesity (RR=7.26; 95% CI 2.98–18.98), regardless of baseline body mass index (BMI). Weight loss was protective against most metabolic disorders. Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with energy expenditure > 2000 metabolic equivalent/min/week was associated with a significantly lower risk of MetS. Conclusions: Reducing weight among overweight and maintaining stable weight among normal-weight men lower the risk of MetS. High LTPA level may additionally decrease the metabolic risk regardless of BMI.

The Weight Change of Various Light-Cured Restorative Materials Stored in Water

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Yalcin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Change ◽  
Glass Ionomer ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Composite Cement ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Restorative Materials ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract This study investigated weight changes of seven different light-cured composite restorative materials, one polyacid glass ionomer compomer, and one light-cured glass-ionomer cement following short-term and long-term storage in water. Two packable composites, three universal (hybrid) composites, one microglass composite, one polyacid glass ionomer resin composite (compomer), one microhybrid low-viscosity (flowable) composite, and one light cured glass ionomer composite cement were evaluated in this study. The weight changes of these specimens were measured daily (short-term storage), and they were measured after six weeks (long-term storage) using an electronic analytical balance. A significant difference was found in Ionoliner, Dyract AP, Opticor flow, Charisma, and Solitare 2, but no significant difference was found in the others (Filtek Z 250, Filtek P60, TPH Spectrum, and Valux Plus). Weight change showed a tendency to increase with the time of water storage. The greatest weight change occurred in light-cured glass ionomer composite cement (Ionoliner), which is followed in order by the weight changes in Dyract AP, Opticor Flow, Charisma, Solitare 2, Filtek Z250, Filtek P60, TPH Spectrum; Valux Plus had the least amount of change. Citation Keyf F, Yalcin F. The Weight Change of Various Light-Cured Restorative Materials Stored in Water. J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 May;(6)2:072-079.

scholarly journals Change in Body Weight and Long-Term Risk of Stroke and Death in Healthy Men

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1435-1441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Prestgaard ◽  
Julian Mariampillai ◽  
Kristian Engeseth ◽  
Jan Erikssen ◽  
Johan Bodegård ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Weight Increase ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Measured Weight ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Background and Purpose— The importance of weight change for the risk of stroke is not well known. We examined the associations between early- and mid-life weight change and risks of stroke and death during long-term follow-up of healthy men. Methods— We recruited healthy men aged between 40 and 59 years and performed a cardiovascular examination at baseline and again at 7 years. We collected data on weight change since the age of 25 (early-life weight change) and measured weight change from baseline to the visit at 7 years (mid-life weight change). For both weight change periods, participants were divided into the following categories: weight loss, weight gain 0 to 4.9 kg, weight gain 5 to 9.9 kg, and weight gain ≥10 kg. Data on stroke and death were collected up to 35 years, from study visits, hospital records, and the National Cause of Death Registry. We used Cox regression to analyze the associations between weight change during early-life and mid-life and risks of stroke and death. Results— Of the 2014 participants, 2014 (100%) had data on early-life weight change and were followed for a median of 30.1 years, while 1403 had data on mid-life weight change and were followed for a median of 24.6 years. During early-life, compared with those who had weight gain 0 to 4.9 kg, hazard ratio for stroke was 1.46 (95% CI, 1.09–1.95) among those with weight gain 5 to 9.9 kg, 1.39 (95% CI, 1.03–1.87) for those with weight gain ≥10 kg, and 1.46 (95% CI, 0.99–2.11) among those with weight loss. For all-cause death, the hazard ratios were 1.08 (95% CI, 0.92–1.23), 1.14 (95% CI, 0.98–1.33), and 1.29 (95% CI, 1.06–1.56), respectively. During mid-life, there were no significant differences in risk of stroke or death between the groups. Conclusions— Weight increase during early-life, but not mid-life, seems to be associated with increased long-term risk of stroke in healthy men. If these findings can be confirmed, efforts to prevent weight increase should target the younger population.

scholarly journals Changes in nut consumption influence long-term weight change in US men and women

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoran Liu ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Marta Guasch-Ferré ◽  
Walter C Willett ◽  
Jean-Philippe Drouin-Chartier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Tree Nuts ◽  
The Us

BackgroundNut consumption has increased in the US but little evidence exists on the association between changes in nut consumption and weight change. We aimed to evaluate the association between changes in total consumption of nuts and intakes of different nuts (including peanuts) and long-term weight change, in three independent cohort studies.Methods and findingsData collected in three prospective, longitudinal cohorts among health professionals in the US were analysed. We included 27 521 men (Health Professionals Follow-up Study, 1986 to 2010), 61 680 women (Nurses’ Health Study, 1986 to 2010), and 55 684 younger women (Nurses’ Health Study II, 1991 to 2011) who were free of chronic disease at baseline in the analyses. We investigated the association between changes in nut consumption over 4-year intervals and concurrent weight change over 20–24 years of follow-up using multivariate linear models with an unstructured correlation matrix to account for within-individual repeated measures. 21 322 individuals attained a body mass index classification of obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) at the end of follow-up.Average weight gain across the three cohorts was 0.32 kg each year. Increases in nut consumption, per 0.5 servings/day (14 g), was significantly associated with less weight gain per 4-year interval (p<0.01 for all): −0.19 kg (95% CI -0.21 to -0.17) for total consumption of nuts, -0.37 kg (95% CI -0.45 to -0.30) for walnuts, -0.36 kg (95% CI -0.40 to -0.31) for other tree nuts, and -0.15 kg (95% CI -0.19 to -0.11) for peanuts.Increasing intakes of nuts, walnuts, and other tree nuts by 0.5 servings/day was associated with a lower risk of obesity. The multivariable adjusted RR for total nuts, walnuts, and other tree nuts was 0.97 (95% CI 0.96 to 0.99, p=0.0036), 0.85 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.89, p=0.0002), and 0.89 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.91, p<0.0001), respectively. Increasing nut consumption was also associated with a lower risk of gaining ≥2 kg or ≥5 kg (RR 0.89–0.98, p<0.01 for all).In substitution analyses, substituting 0.5 servings/day of nuts for red meat, processed meat, French fries, desserts, or potato, chips (crisps) was associated with less weight gain (p<0.05 for all).Our cohorts were largely composed of Caucasian health professionals with relatively higher socioeconomic status; thus the results may not be generalisable to other populations.ConclusionIncreasing daily consumption of nuts is associated with less long-term weight gain and a lower risk of obesity in adults. Replacing 0.5 servings/day of less healthful foods with nuts may be a simple strategy to help prevent gradual long-term weight gain and obesity.

Abstract P091: A Comparison of Analytical Methods to Evaluate the Association Between Diet and Long-Term Weight Gain in Three Prospective Cohorts

Circulation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica D Smith ◽  
Tao Hou ◽  
Frank Hu ◽  
Eric B Rimm ◽  
Donna Spiegelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dietary Change ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Prospective Cohorts ◽  
Comparison Of Analytical Methods

Background: Because long-term weight gain typically occurs insidiously (~1 lb/y) it is very difficult to study in RCTs and prospective cohorts provide crucial evidence on its key contributors. Most prior studies have evaluated how baseline diet, rather than change in diet that may be more physiologically relevant, relates to future weight gain. Aim: To evaluate and compare different methodological approaches for investigating how diet relates to long-term weight gain. Methods: Participants from 3 separate cohorts, the Nurses Health Study (NHS, n=50,422), Nurses Health Study II (NHS II, n=47,898), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS, n=22,557), free of obesity and chronic diseases at baseline, were included and followed for up to 20 y. Lifestyle, health status, and weight were assessed by questionnaires every 2 y, and diet by validated FFQ every 4 y. We assessed 3 different analytic approaches, including relations of 1) baseline diet at the start of each 4 y with weight change in the next 4 y; 2) 4-y change in diet with weight change in the same 4 y; and 3) 4-y change in diet with lagged weight change in the next 4 y. We compared these approaches evaluating consistency across cohorts, magnitudes of associations, and biological plausibility of findings. Results: Across the three methods, consistent, robust, and biologically plausible associations were only seen between changes in diet and changes in weight in the same 4 y (Figure). Findings evaluating baseline diet and lagged dietary change were less consistent across cohorts, far smaller in magnitude, and often not biologically plausible, suggesting presence of both bias and misclassification of the true relevant dietary metric. Conclusions: The methods used to analyze dietary habits and long-term weight gain are crucial. The most robust, biologically relevant, and consistent findings are seen when evaluating dietary change and weight change in discrete periods.

scholarly journals Weight Gain and Liver Steatosis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocco Spagnuolo ◽  
Tiziana Montalcini ◽  
Daniele De Bonis ◽  
Yvelise Ferro ◽  
Cristina Cosco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Background and Aim: Most studies focused on the benefits of weight loss on hepatic steatosis and no studies have been specifically designed to assess the role of weight gain on the development of liver steatosis in patients affected by inflammatory bowel diseases. The aim of this study was to analyse the relation between weight change over time and liver steatosis in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated a population of 89 ambulatory patients in clinical remission or affected by mild disease, as determined from disease activity indices, with at least one follow-up visit. Transient elastography was used to quantify liver steatosis. Results: A total of 49 individuals (55%) were overweight/obese at baseline. A significant difference in weight change was found between participants that improved, were stable and worsened, over a mean follow-up of four years. (−1.0 kg ± 4; 2.5 kg ± 6; and 5.4 kg ± 5; respectively, p = 0.009). We found a greater probability of worsening in the hepatic fat content in individuals who gained more than 6% of body weight than in those gaining less than this value (log–rank (Mantel–Cox) χ2 test = 9.85; df = 1; p = 0.002). Conclusions: A body weight gain of 6% increases the probability of deterioration in liver steatosis over a period of four years in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Weight gain prevention with lifestyle interventions may be the cornerstone treatment of these patients.

scholarly journals Impact of Subclinical Acute Rejection on Renal Graft Function: Results of Three-Year Follow-Up

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Vadims Suhorukovs ◽  
Tatjana Tihomirova
Keyword(s):  
Graft Function ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Renal Graft ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protocol Biopsies ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Renal Grafts ◽  
Subclinical Rejection

Notwithstanding that in the last years the immediate results of kidney transplantation have been improved, there has been no adequate improvement of long-term results. Therefore, more attention is being paid to the so-called subclinical rejections of renal grafts, detected by protocol biopsies, as a possible factor affecting renal function in late period. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of subclinical rejections and their impact on further renal graft function. Within the frame of the study 40 protocol biopsies were performed in 26 patients with immediate and stable renal graft function. In 17 (65.4%) of them a subclinical rejection of IA-IIA degree was detected. In nine patients with subclinical rejection, treatment with steroids was applied, while eight recipients did not receive any additional therapy. In follow-up, in a period of three years there was no statistically significant difference in blood creatinine level, glomerular filtration rate, number of clinical rejections during the monitoring period, and three-year survival of the transplanted kidney in patients, regardless of where the treatment of subclinical rejection was applied. The results of our study did not indicate any impact of subclinical rejection on renal graft function in the late post-operation period.

scholarly journals Long-Term Weight Change and Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Treated vs. Untreated Sleep-Disordered Breathing—Analysis From the DIAbetes COhoRtE

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louisa Schaller ◽  
Michael Arzt ◽  
Bettina Jung ◽  
Carsten A. Böger ◽  
Iris M. Heid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Observation Period

Hypothesis: Positive airway pressure (PAP) is the standard treatment for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), a prevalent condition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Recent studies showed that short-term PAP treatment may cause weight gain. However, long-term data for patients with DM2 are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present analysis was to assess changes in weight and glycemic control in patients with DM2 and treated vs. untreated SDB.Methods: The DIAbetes COhoRtE (DIACORE) study is a prospective population-based cohort study in patients with DM2. At baseline, patients of the DIACORE-SDB sub-study were tested for SDB [defined as apnea-hypopnea-index (AHI) ≥ 15/h] using a two-channel ambulatory SDB-monitoring device. In this observational study, PAP treatment was initiated in a subgroup of patients with SDB (SDB PAP) within clinical routine between the baseline and first follow-up visit [median observation period of 2.3 (2.2; 2.4) years], whereas the other patients with SDB did not receive PAP (SDB untreated). At baseline and first follow-up visit, weight and HbA1c were assessed.Results: Of the 346 patients with SDB [mean age 68 years, 71% male, body-mass index (BMI) 31.9 kg/m2], 17% were in the SDB PAP and 83% in the SDB untreated group. Weight change within the observation period was similar in both groups (−0.2 and −0.9 kg; p = 0.322). The percentage of patients with severe weight gain (≥ 5 kg) within the observation period was significantly higher in the SDB PAP group compared to the SDB untreated group (15.0 vs. 5.6%; p = 0.011). Multivariable regression analysis, accounting for baseline HbA1c, insulin substitution, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), physical activity, and AHI, showed that PAP treatment was significantly associated with a weight gain ≥ 5 kg [odds ratio (OR) = 3.497; 95% CI (1.343; 9.106); p = 0.010] and an increase in HbA1c [B = 2.410; 95% CI (0.118; 4.702); p = 0.039].Conclusion: Median weight change was similar in patients with SDB with and without PAP treatment. However, patients with DM2 and PAP treatment have an increased risk of severe long-term weight gain and an increase in HbA1c.Clinical Trial registration: DRKS00010498

scholarly journals Switching to Integrase Inhibitors Unlinked to Weight Increase in Perinatally HIV-Infected Young Adults and Adolescents: A 10-Year Observational Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 864
Author(s):  
Lucia Taramasso ◽  
Antonio Di Biagio ◽  
Francesca Bovis ◽  
Federica Forlanini ◽  
Elena Albani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Strand Transfer ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Mixed Effect Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors ◽  
Control Study

An unexpected increase in weight gain has recently been reported in the course of integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTI) treatment. The possibility of this effect in people who are perinatally infected with HIV (PHIV) and thus exposed to lifelong therapy needs to be explored. This is a retrospective multicenter case-control study. Adults with PHIV followed between 2010 and 2019 in two outpatient services in Northern Italy were included if they had at least two weight measures in two successive years of observation. Patients were considered as cases if they were switched to INSTI (INSTI group), or controls if they were never exposed to INSTI (non-INSTI group). The date of the switch in cases was considered to be the baseline (T0), while it was randomly selected in controls. Mixed effect models were used to assess the weight changes in INSTI and non-INSTI groups. A total of 66 participants, 50.0% women, 92.4% Caucasian, were included. Median follow-up was 9 years (range 2–10): 4 years (range 1–8) before and 3 (range 1–9) after-T0. Mean age at the last study visit was 27.3 (±4.8) years, and mean CD4+ T-cells were 820.8 (±323.6) cells/mm3. Forty-five patients were switched to INSTI during the study, while 21 remained in the non-INSTI group. The INSTI group experienced a mean increase (pre-post T0) in bodyweight of 0.28 kg/year (95% CI − 0.29; 0.85, p = 0.338), while in the non-INSTI group, the mean increase was 0.36 kg/year (95% CI − 0.47; 1.20, p = 0.391), without a significant difference between groups (p for interaction between time and treatment regimen = 0.868). Among patients on INSTI, the weight gain after T0 was higher than pre-T0, amounting to +0.28 kg/year (95% CI − 0.29; 0.85), although this difference did not reach significance (p = 0.337). PHIV switched to an INSTI-based regimen did not experience an excessive weight gain compared to those who were treated with a non-INSTI based regimen in our cohort.

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