Abnormalities in the white matter tracts in patients with Parkinson disease and psychosis

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (18) ◽  
pp. e1876-e1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Lenka ◽  
Madhura Ingalhalikar ◽  
Apurva Shah ◽  
Jitender Saini ◽  
Shyam Sundar Arumugham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Microstructural Integrity ◽  
Tesla Scanner ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

ObjectiveThe objective of the current study was to compare the microstructural integrity of the white matter (WM) tracts in patients having Parkinson disease (PD) with and without psychosis (PD-P and PD-NP) through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 48 PD-NP and 42 PD-P who were matched for age, sex, and education. Tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to compare several DTI metrics from the diffusion-weighted MRIs obtained through a 3-Tesla scanner. A set of neuropsychological tests was used for the cognitive evaluation of all patients.ResultsThe severity and stage of PD were not statistically different between the groups. The PD-P group performed poorly in all the neuropsychological domains compared with the PD-NP group. TBSS analysis revealed widespread patterns of abnormality in the fractional anisotropy (FA) in the PD-P group, which also correlated with some of the cognitive scores. These tracts include inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, right parieto-occipital WM, body of the corpus callosum, and corticospinal tract.ConclusionThis study provides novel insights into the putative role of WM tract abnormalities in the pathogenesis of PD-P by demonstrating significant alterations in several WM tracts. Additional longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm the findings of our research.

scholarly journals Characteristics of the corpus callosum in chronic schizophrenia treated with clozapine or risperidone and those never-treated

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Tao ◽  
Yuan Xiao ◽  
Hengyi Cao ◽  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
Chengmin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The corpus callosum (CC) deficits have been well documented in chronic schizophrenia. However, the long-term impacts of antipsychotic monotherapies on callosal anatomy remain unclear. This cross-sectional study sought to explore micro- and macro-structural characteristics of the CC in never-treated patients and those with long-term mono-antipsychotic treatment. Methods The study included 23 clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients (CT-SCZ), 19 risperidone-treated schizophrenia patients (RT-SCZ), 23 never-treated schizophrenia patients (NT-SCZ), and 35 healthy controls (HCs). High resolution structural images and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data for each participant were obtained via a 3.0 T MR scanner. FreeSurfer was used to examine the volumes and fractional anisotropy (FA) values of the CC for each participant. Results There were significant deficits in the total and sub-regional CC volume and white matter integrity in NT-SCZ in comparison with healthy subjects. Compared with NT-SCZ, both CT-SCZ and RT-SCZ showed significantly increased FA values in the anterior CC region, while only RT-SCZ showed significantly increased volume in the mid-anterior CC region. Moreover, the volume of the mid-anterior CC region was significantly smaller in CT-SCZ compared to HCs. No correlations of clinical symptoms with callosal metrics were observed in schizophrenia patients. Conclusions Our findings provide insight into micro- and macro-structural characteristics of the CC in chronic schizophrenia patients with or without antipsychotics. These results suggest that the pathology itself is responsible for cerebral abnormalities in schizophrenia and that chronic exposure to antipsychotics may have an impact on white matter structure of schizophrenia patients, especially in those with risperidone treatment.

scholarly journals White matter abnormalities of corpus callosum in patients with bipolar disorder and suicidal ideation

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Zhang ◽  
Xiaowei Jiang ◽  
Miao Chang ◽  
Shengnan Wei ◽  
Yanqing Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

Abstract Objective Although many studies have shown that the corpus callosum (CC) may play an important role in bipolar disorder (BD) and suicide, the pathophysiological mechanism of BD underlying suicidal behavior is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the CC, and BD and suicidal ideation using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Method A total of 203 participants (47 BD patients with suicidal ideation, 59 with BD without suicidal ideation, and 97 healthy controls [HC]) underwent DTI scanning at a single site. We examined the white matter integrity of the CC in the three groups. Results A comparison among groups showed that BD patients with suicidal ideation had significant lower fractional anisotropy (FA) values than those of BD without suicidal ideation and HCs in the body and genu of the CC, and FA values of BD without suicidal ideation were significantly lower than those of HCs. However, in the splenium of corpus callosum, no difference was found between BD without suicidal ideation and HCs. Conclusions Our findings add to the evidence suggesting that the CC plays a key role in BD with suicidal ideation, especially with respect to the role of the genu and body of the CC subserving emotion regulation.

scholarly journals Change in Right Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus Integrity Is Associated With Naming Recovery in Subacute Poststroke Aphasia

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 784-794
Author(s):  
Marieke Blom-Smink ◽  
Marjolein Verly ◽  
Kerstin Spielmann ◽  
Marion Smits ◽  
Gerard M. Ribbers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Change Score ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Boston Naming Test ◽  
Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Deterministic Tractography ◽  
The Right ◽  
Left Hemisphere Stroke ◽  
Microstructural Integrity

Background. Despite progress made in understanding functional reorganization patterns underlying recovery in subacute aphasia, the relation between recovery and changes in white matter structure remains unclear. Objective. To investigate changes in dorsal and ventral language white matter tract integrity in relation to naming recovery in subacute poststroke aphasia. Methods. Ten participants with aphasia after left-hemisphere stroke underwent language testing and diffusion tensor imaging twice within 3 months post onset, with a 1-month interval between sessions. Deterministic tractography was used to bilaterally reconstruct the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), middle longitudinal fasciculus (MdLF), and uncinate fasciculus (UF). Per tract, the mean fractional anisotropy (FA) was extracted as a measure of microstructural integrity. Naming accuracy was assessed with the Boston Naming Test (BNT). Correlational analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between changes in FA values and change in BNT score. Results. A strong positive correlation was found between FA change in the right ILF within the ventral stream and change on the BNT ( r = 0.91, P < .001). An increase in FA in the right ILF was associated with considerable improvement of naming accuracy (range BNT change score: 12-14), a reduction with limited improvement or slight deterioration. No significant correlations were found between change in naming accuracy and FA change in any of the other right or left ventral and dorsal language tracts. Conclusions. Naming recovery in subacute aphasia is associated with change in the integrity of the right ILF.

White matter microstructural abnormalities in families multiply affected with bipolar I disorder: a diffusion tensor tractography study

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 2139-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Emsell ◽  
C. Chaddock ◽  
N. Forde ◽  
W. Van Hecke ◽  
G. J. Barker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Type I ◽  
Genetic Liability ◽  
Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
Participant Group ◽  
Dti Tractography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

BackgroundWhite matter (WM) abnormalities are proposed as potential endophenotypic markers of bipolar disorder (BD). In a diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) voxel-based analysis (VBA) study of families multiply affected with BD, we previously reported that widespread abnormalities of fractional anisotropy (FA) are associated with both BD and genetic liability for illness. In the present study, we further investigated the endophenotypic potential of WM abnormalities by applying DTI tractography to specifically investigate tracts implicated in the pathophysiology of BD.MethodDiffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were acquired from 19 patients with BD type I from multiply affected families, 21 of their unaffected first-degree relatives and 18 healthy volunteers. DTI tractography was used to identify the cingulum, uncinate fasciculus (UF), arcuate portion of the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF), corpus callosum, and the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC). Regression analyses were conducted to investigate the effect of participant group and genetic liability on FA and radial diffusivity (RD) in each tract.ResultsWe detected a significant effect of group on both FA and RD in the cingulum, SLF, callosal splenium and ILF driven by reduced FA and increased RD in patients compared to controls and relatives. Increasing genetic liability was associated with decreased FA and increased RD in the UF, and decreased FA in the SLF, among patients.ConclusionsWM microstructural abnormalities in limbic, temporal and callosal pathways represent microstructural abnormalities associated with BD whereas alterations in the SLF and UF may represent potential markers of endophenotypic risk.

scholarly journals Correlation of neurochemical and imaging markers in migraine

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. e1166-e1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dániel Veréb ◽  
Nikoletta Szabó ◽  
Bernadett Tuka ◽  
János Tajti ◽  
András Király ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Scanner ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Left Thalamus ◽  
Imaging Markers ◽  
Microstructural Integrity

ObjectiveTo examine whether interictal plasma pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 38-like immunoreactivity (PACAP38-LI) shows correlation with the microstructural integrity of the white matter in migraine.MethodsInterictal plasma PACAP38-LI was measured by radioimmunoassay in 26 patients with migraine (24 women) who underwent diffusion tensor imaging afterward using a 1.5-tesla magnetic resonance scanner. Data were analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics included in FMRIB's Software Library.ResultsInterictal plasma PACAP38-LI showed significant correlation with mean diffusivity (p < 0.0179) mostly in the bilateral occipital white matter spreading into parietal and temporal white matter. Axial and radial diffusivity showed positive correlation with interictal PACAP38-LI (p < 0.0432 and p < 0.0418, respectively) in the left optic radiation and left posterior corpus callosum. Fractional anisotropy did not correlate significantly with PACAP38-LI. With disease duration as a nuisance regressor in the model, PACAP38-LI correlated with axial and mean diffusivity in the left thalamus (p < 0.01).ConclusionWe report a link between PACAP38, a pathobiologically important neurochemical biomarker, and imaging markers of the disease that may bolster further research into the role of PACAP38 in migraine.

scholarly journals A Dynamic Relation Between Whole-Brain White Matter Microstructural Integrity and Anxiety Symptoms in Preadolescent Females with Pathological Anxiety

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakul Aggarwal ◽  
Lisa E. Williams ◽  
Do P.M. Tromp ◽  
Daniel S. Pine ◽  
Ned H. Kalin
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Study Entry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Brain White Matter ◽  
Microstructural Integrity ◽  
Pathological Anxiety

Abstract Pathological anxiety typically emerges during preadolescence and has been linked to alterations in white matter (WM) pathways. Because myelination is critical for efficient neuronal communication, characterizing associations between WM microstructure and symptoms may provide insights into pathophysiological mechanisms associated with childhood pathological anxiety. This longitudinal study examined 182 girls enrolled between the ages of 9–11 that were treatment-naïve at study entry: healthy controls (n = 49), subthreshold-anxiety disorders (AD) (n = 82), or meeting DSM-5 criteria for generalized, social, and/or separation ADs (n = 51), as determined through structured clinical interview. Anxiety severity was assessed with the Clinical Global Impression Scale and Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Participants (n = 182) underwent clinical, behavioral, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) assessments at study entry, and those with pathological anxiety (subthreshold-AD and AD, n = 133) were followed longitudinally for up to 3 additional years. Cross-sectional ANCOVAs (182 scans) examining control, subthreshold-AD, and AD participants found no significant relations between anxiety and DTI measurements. However, in longitudinal analyses of girls with pathological anxiety (343 scans), linear mixed-effects models demonstrated that increases in anxiety symptoms (SCARED scores) were associated with reductions in whole-brain fractional anisotropy, independent of age (Std. β (95% CI)=-0.06 (-0.09 to -0.03), F(1,46.24) = 11.90, P = 0.001). Using a longitudinal approach, this study identified a dynamic, within-participant relation between whole-brain WM microstructural integrity and anxiety in girls with pathological anxiety. Given the importance of WM microstructure in modulating neural communication, this finding suggests the possibility that WM development could be a viable target in the treatment of anxiety-related psychopathology.

Abstract P020: Atrial Fibrillation and White Matter Microstructural Integrity: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Neurocognitive Study

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Yuefan Shao ◽  
Melinda Power ◽  
Thomas Mosley ◽  
Rebecca Gottesman ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Cerebral Infarct ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Microstructural Integrity

Background: Evidence suggests atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia, even in the absence of stroke. Pathways such as AF-induced brain hypoperfusion and small vessel disease resulting in white matter abnormalities may also compromise cerebrovasculature and brain tissue, which would lead to cognitive impairment and dementia. However, mechanisms responsible for the association between AF and cognitive impairment independent of stroke and cerebral infarcts remain relatively unexplored. The study aims to assess the cross-sectional association between prevalent AF and white matter microstructural integrity (WMMI) as a marker for cerebrovascular disease. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 1937 participants attending the ARIC-Neurocognitive Study (ARIC-NCS) in 2011-2013 that were either black or white and with brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Prevalent AF was defined by a history of AF based on study ECG and hospitalization record. WMMI was defined using regional average fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity from Diffusion Tensor Imaging measurements in the MRI. We excluded participants with a prior history of stroke or cerebral infarct. A multivariable regression model was used to assess the association between AF and WMMI measures. Results: Among 1943 participants (mean age = 76 years, 28% black, 60% female), 7% (N= 133) had prevalent AF. After multivariable adjustment, prevalence of AF was not associated with WMMI measurements (Table). Conclusion: In a community-based study, prevalent AF was not independently associated with WMMI in the absence of stroke or cerebral infarct. However, the reduced sample size of the AF population as well as the cross-sectional study design are important limitations. Further longitudinal studies are needed to investigate prospectively the association of AF with early markers of white matter disease.

The Structure of the OCD Brain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premika S. W. Boedhoe ◽  
Odile A. van den Heuvel
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
White Matter Volume ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Subcortical Volumes ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

This chapter summarizes the most consistent findings of structural neuroimaging studies of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and discusses their relationship within the implicated brain networks. The techniques used in these studies are diverse, and include manual tracing of specific regions of interest, whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) for both gray matter and white matter volume comparisons, FreeSurfer to investigate differences in cortical thickness and subcortical volumes, and other methods such as covariance analyses. Findings on white matter integrity with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) and in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies are discussed as well.The literature shows that the pathophysiology of OCD cannot be explained by alterations in function and structure of the classical cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) regions exclusively, but that fronto-limbic and fronto-parietal connections are important as well, and the role of the cerebellum needs more attention in future research.

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