Cross-Sectional Profile of Most Bothersome Problems as Reported Directly by Individuals With Parkinson’s Disease (2697)

Scanning electron beam lithography has been used for a number of years to write submicrometer linewidth patterns in radiation sensitive films (resist films) on substrates. On semi-infinite substrates, electron backscattering severely limits the exposure latitude and control of cross-sectional profile for patterns having fundamental spatial frequencies below about 4000 Å(l),Recently, STEM'S have been used to write patterns with linewidths below 100 Å. To avoid the detrimental effects of electron backscattering however, the substrates had to be carbon foils about 100 Å thick (2,3). X-ray lithography using the very soft radiation in the range 10 - 50 Å avoids the problem of backscattering and thus permits one to replicate on semi-infinite substrates patterns with linewidths of the order of 1000 Å and less, and in addition provides means for controlling cross-sectional profiles. X-radiation in the range 4-10 Å on the other hand is appropriate for replicating patterns in the linewidth range above about 3000 Å, and thus is most appropriate for microelectronic applications (4 - 6).

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Bonding widths of Deposited Polymer Strands in Additive Manufacturing

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14040871 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 871

Author(s):

Cheng Luo ◽

Manjarik Mrinal ◽

Xiang Wang ◽

Ye Hong

Keyword(s):

Polymer Melt ◽

Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽

High Viscosity ◽

Numerical Results ◽

Fused Filament Fabrication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nozzle Height ◽

Special Cases ◽

Cross Sectional Profile ◽

Sectional Profile

In this study, we explore the deformation of a polymer extrudate upon the deposition on a build platform, to determine the bonding widths between stacked strands in fused-filament fabrication. The considered polymer melt has an extremely high viscosity, which dominates in its deformation. Mainly considering the viscous effect, we derive analytical expressions of the flat width, compressed depth, bonding width and cross-sectional profile of the filament in four special cases, which have different combinations of extrusion speed, print speed and nozzle height. We further validate the derived relations, using our experimental results on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), as well as existing experimental and numerical results on ABS and polylactic acid (PLA). Compared with existing theoretical and numerical results, our derived analytic relations are simple, which need less calculations. They can be used to quickly predict the geometries of the deposited strands, including the bonding widths.

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A Comparison of Pain between Parkinson’s Disease and Multiple System Atrophy: A Clinical Cross-Sectional Survey

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2019/3150306 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

He-Yang You ◽

Lei Wu ◽

Hai-Ting Yang ◽

Chen Yang ◽

Xiao-Ling Ding

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Multiple System Atrophy ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Disease Rating ◽

Vas Scores

Background. Pain is frequent in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Parkinson-plus syndrome. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, characteristics, therapy (especially the effect of dopaminergic therapy), and associated symptoms of pain in Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients. Methods. Seventy-one PD patients, sixty-five MSA patients, and forty age-matched healthy controls were enrolled and evaluated by using the German pain questionnaire and visual analogue scale (VAS). In addition, the influence of pain in PD patients on anxiety, depression, and the quality of life was assessed with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39). Results. Compared to that of the healthy controls, the PD and MSA patients had a significantly higher presence of pain (P<0.01, P<0.01). PD patients had a higher presence of pain than MSA patients (P=0.007). No difference in VAS scores was observed between the PD and MSA patients (P=0.148). A total of 21 PD patients (42.85%) with pain and 13 MSA patients (43.33%) with pain received treatment. A total of 13 PD patients with pain and 6 MSA patients with pain had an improved pain intensity after using dopaminergic medication. The differences in the disease duration, Hoehn and Yahr stages, and scores on the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale motor score, HAD-D, HAD-A, and PDQ-39 were significant between the PD patients with and without pain. Conclusion. PD and MSA patients are prone to pain with insufficient treatment. Pain interventions should be provided as soon as possible to improve the patient’s life.

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White matter integrity and cognition in Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003976 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. e003976 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Eirik Auning ◽

Veslemøy Krohn Kjærvik ◽

Per Selnes ◽

Dag Aarsland ◽

Astrid Haram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

White Matter ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

White Matter Integrity ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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FV 7. Cross-sectional area of the vagus nerve correlates with parasympathetic dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease

Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.clinph.2021.02.383 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 132 (8) ◽

pp. e31-e32

Author(s):

S. Huckemann ◽

K. Müller ◽

P. Averdunk ◽

E. Kühn ◽

L. Hilker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Vagus Nerve ◽

Cross Sectional Area ◽

Sectional Area ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Parasympathetic Dysfunction

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Self-Reported Efficacy of Cannabis and Other Complementary Medicine Modalities by Parkinson’s Disease Patients in Colorado

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/874849 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Taylor Andrew Finseth ◽

Jessica Louise Hedeman ◽

Robert Preston Brown ◽

Kristina I. Johnson ◽

Matthew Sean Binder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Support Groups ◽

Legal Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Recent Change ◽

High Rate ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Metro Area ◽

Cam Use

Introduction. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is frequently used by Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients. We sought to provide information on CAM use and efficacy in PD patients in the Denver metro area with particular attention to cannabis use given its recent change in legal status.Methods. Self-administered surveys on CAM use and efficacy were completed by PD patients identified in clinics and support groups across the Denver metro area between 2012 and 2013.Results. 207 patients (age69±11; 60% male) completed the survey. Responses to individual CAM therapy items showed that 85% of respondents used at least one form of CAM. The most frequently reported CAMs were vitamins (66%), prayer (59%), massage (45%), and relaxation (32%). Self-reported improvement related to the use of CAM was highest for massage, art therapy, music therapy, and cannabis. While only 4.3% of our survey responders reported use of cannabis, it ranked among the most effective CAM therapies.Conclusions. Overall, our cross-sectional study was notable for a high rate of CAM utilization amongst PD patients and high rates of self-reported efficacy across most CAM modalities. Cannabis was rarely used in our population but users reported high efficacy, mainly for nonmotor symptoms.

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Why do patients with Parkinson’s disease fall? A cross-sectional analysis of possible causes of falls

npj Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1038/npjparkd.2015.11 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Anette Schrag ◽

Mahbuba Choudhury ◽

Diego Kaski ◽

David A Gallagher

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Sectional Analysis

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Slow Motion Analysis of Repetitive Tapping (SMART) Test: Measuring Bradykinesia in Recently Diagnosed Parkinson’s Disease and Idiopathic Anosmia

Journal of Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.3233/jpd-212683 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Cristina Simonet ◽

Miquel A. Galmes ◽

Christian Lambert ◽

Richard N. Rees ◽

Tahrina Haque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Early Stage ◽

Slow Motion ◽

Motor Dysfunction ◽

Prodromal Phase ◽

Floor Effect ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Stages

Background: Bradykinesia is the defining motor feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). There are limitations to its assessment using standard clinical rating scales, especially in the early stages of PD when a floor effect may be observed. Objective: To develop a quantitative method to track repetitive tapping movements and to compare people in the early stages of PD, healthy controls, and individuals with idiopathic anosmia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 99 participants (early-stage PD = 26, controls = 64, idiopathic anosmia = 9). For each participant, repetitive finger tapping was recorded over 20 seconds using a smartphone at 240 frames per second. From each video, amplitude between fingers, frequency (number of taps per second), and velocity (distance travelled per second) was extracted. Clinical assessment was based on the motor section of the MDS-UPDRS. Results: People in the early stage of PD performed the task with slower velocity (p < 0.001) and with greater frequency slope than controls (p = 0.003). The combination of reduced velocity and greater frequency slope obtained the best accuracy to separate early-stage PD from controls based on metric thresholds alone (AUC = 0.88). Individuals with anosmia exhibited slower velocity (p = 0.001) and smaller amplitude (p < 0.001) compared with controls. Conclusion: We present a simple, proof-of-concept method to detect early motor dysfunction in PD. Mean tap velocity appeared to be the best parameter to differentiate patients with PD from controls. Patients with anosmia also showed detectable differences in motor performance compared with controls which may suggest that some are in the prodromal phase of PD.

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