Association of Locus Coeruleus and Substantia Nigra Pathology With Cognitive and Motor Functions in Patients With Parkinson Disease

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012444
Author(s):  
Jannik Prasuhn ◽  
Michelle Prasuhn ◽  
Anja Fellbrich ◽  
Robert Strautz ◽  
Felicitas Lemmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability

Objective.To investigate the contribution of substantia nigra (SN) and locus coeruleus (LC) pathology to clinical signs and symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) by applying neuromelanin-weighted imaging.Methods.Forty-seven patients with PD and 53 matched controls underwent motor assessment, a neuropsychological test battery and neuromelanin-weighted MRI. Patients with PD have been enrolled after fulfilling the criteria for ‘clinically established PD’ as defined by the Movement Disorders Society Clinical Diagnostic Criteria. Two independent raters identified SN and LC and calculated the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).Results.The intra-rater reliability demonstrated a good reliability between raters with an intraclass correlation coefficient of .88 (p<.001) and an inter-rater reliability of .80 (p<.001). Both, SN and LC CNRs were lower in patients with PD (p≤.001) compared to controls. The CNR of SN but not of LC was strongly correlated with disease duration (p≤.001). Neuromelanin pathology of the pars compacta-containing dorso-lateral SN correlated with MDS-UPDRS I, II and III but not cognitive functions. In contrast, neuromelanin pathology of LC was associated with cognitive functions in all tested domains but not with motor impairment or activities of daily living. No such associations were present in controls.Conclusions.Neuromelanin imaging of the SN and LC is well-suited to map neurodegeneration in PD. Neuromelanin pathology of the SN correlates with motor dysfunction whereas LC pathology is related to cognitive impairment. Neuromelanin-weighted imaging of the LC could thus serve as an imaging marker of executive and other cognitive dysfunctions in PD.Classification of Evidence:This study provides Class I evidence that neuromelanin-weighted imaging was associated with the severity of various signs and symptoms in patients with PD.

Validity and reliability of a wearable-controlled serious game and goniometer for telemonitoring of wrist fracture rehabilitation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriëtte A. W. Meijer ◽  
Maurits Graafland ◽  
Miryam C. Obdeijn ◽  
Marlies P. Schijven ◽  
J. Carel Goslings
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Wrist Fracture ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Flexion Extension

Abstract Purpose To determine the validity of wrist range of motion (ROM) measurements by the wearable-controlled ReValidate! wrist-rehabilitation game, which simultaneously acts as a digital goniometer. Furthermore, to establish the reliability of the game by contrasting ROM measurements to those found by medical experts using a universal goniometer. Methods As the universal goniometer is considered the reference standard, inter-rater reliability between surgeons was first determined. Internal validity of the game ROM measurements was determined in a test–retest setting with healthy volunteers. The reliability of the game was tested in 34 patients with a restricted range of motion, in whom the ROM was measured by experts as well as digitally. Intraclass-correlation coefficients (ICCs) were determined and outcomes were analyzed using Bland–Altman plots. Results Inter-rater reliability between experts using a universal goniometer was poor, with ICCs of 0.002, 0.160 and 0.520. Internal validity testing of the game found ICCs of − 0.693, 0.376 and 0.863, thus ranging from poor to good. Reliability testing of the game compared to medical expert measurements, found that mean differences were small for the flexion–extension arc and the radial deviation-ulnar deviation arc. Conclusion The ReValidate! game is a reliable home-monitoring device digitally measuring ROM in the wrist. Interestingly, the test–retest reliability of the serious game was found to be considerably higher than the inter-rater reliability of the reference standard, being healthcare professionals using a universal goniometer. Trial registration number (internal hospital registration only) MEC-AMC W17_003 #17.015.

Comparing Reliability Between 3D Imaging And 2D Photography For External Nasal Anthropometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon-Soo Seo ◽  
Ki-Hun Jo ◽  
Jun-Sang CHA ◽  
Joo-Yeon Kim ◽  
Jae-Hwan Kwon
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Angular Parameter ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
3D Images ◽  
Imaging Result ◽  
External Nose ◽  
2D And 3D

Abstract Background: This study investigates and compare the reliability and reproducibility of two facial anthropometric methods about external nasal angles, 3D imaging and conventional 2D photography. Methods: 2D photograph images and 3D images about external nose of 30 volunteers were taken using digital camera and Morpheus 3D scanner. To evaluate intra-rater reliability, each images were taken over two different days for each subject by the same researcher. To evaluate inter-rater reliability, another researcher took each images for each subject on the first day. The reliability of each method for measuring 4 external nasal angle is obtained using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and compared.Results: Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of both 3D imaging and 2D photography had excellent agreement in all 4 nasal angles. In the nasofacial angular parameter, Inter-rater ICC, 2D photography was significantly higher than 3D imaging. Result of intra-rater ICC also showed both 3D imaging and 2D photography had good reliability in all 4 nasal angles. Similar to those of inter-rater ICC, nasofacial angular parameter showed statistically significant differences between 3D imaging and 2D photography.Conclusion: In terms of reliability, both 2D and 3D showed appropriate anthropometric results and considering its own advantage, each methods can be used complementarily.

scholarly journals Aberrant Auditory and Visual Memory Development of Children with Upper Limb Motor Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1650
Author(s):  
Maria Koriakina ◽  
Olga Agranovich ◽  
Ekaterina Petrova ◽  
Dzerassa Kadieva ◽  
Grigory Kopytin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Motor Disorders ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Life Functioning

The current study aimed to compare differences in the cognitive development of children with and without upper limb motor disorders. The study involved 89 children from 3 to 15 years old; 57 children with similar upper limb motor disorders and 32 healthy children. Our results showed that motor disorders could impair cognitive functions, especially memory. In particular, we found that children between 8 and 11 years old with upper limb disorders differed significantly from their healthy peers in both auditory and visual memory scales. These results can be explained by the fact that the development of cognitive functions depends on the normal development of motor skills, and the developmental delay of motor skills affects cognitive functions. Correlation analysis did not reveal any significant relationship between other cognitive functions (attention, thinking, intelligence) and motor function. Altogether, these findings point to the need to adapt general habilitation programs for children with motor disorders, considering the cognitive impairment during their development. The evaluation of children with motor impairment is often limited to their motor dysfunction, leaving their cognitive development neglected. The current study showed the importance of cognitive issues for these children. Moreover, early intervention, particularly focused on memory, can prevent some of the accompanying difficulties in learning and daily life functioning of children with movement disorders.

scholarly journals Condylar Changes and Its Association with Age, TMD, and Dentition Status: A Cross-Sectional Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuna Laila Mathew ◽  
Amar A. Sholapurkar ◽  
Keerthilatha M. Pai
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Panoramic Radiograph ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Temporomandibular Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Condylar Morphology ◽  
Radiographic Changes

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of radiographic changes in the condylar morphology and its association with age, clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and dentition status and also to evaluate the intra examiner and inter examiner reliability in assessing condylar changes using panoramic radiographs. A total of 75 subjects were recruited for the study. They were divided into 3 age groups. 20–40 yrs (Group A), 41–60 yrs (Group B) and 61 yrs and above (Group C). In each age group 25 subjects were evaluated both clinically and radiographically. The prevalence of radiographic changes in condylar morphology and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction was 81.3% and 18.6%, respectively. Radiographic abnormalities in the mandibular condylar morphology increased with age. They were seen more frequently in patients with clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and in patients with loss of teeth. Intra examiner and inter examiner reliability was high indicating a good reliability in assessing the condylar changes using panoramic radiograph.

scholarly journals Confiabilidade e concordância intra e interavaliadores na avaliação da pressão perineal em nulíparas

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 32614
Author(s):  
Marília Martins ◽  
Daniela Zeni Dreher ◽  
Carine Cristina Callegaro ◽  
Evelise Moraes Berlezi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
A Value ◽  
Pelvic Muscles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Cognitive Alterations

AIMS: To verify intra and inter-rater reliability and concordance in the assessment of perineal pressure in nulliparous women.METHODS: Young, healthy, nulliparous, non-pregnant women who had had sexual intercourse and had a correct contraction of the perineal musculature on physical examination were included. Women were excluded if they used other muscles in a visually perceptible way during the perineal contraction; with changes in the pelvic muscles tone; with urinary incontinence; with cognitive alterations; with disease that could affect the muscular and nervous tissues; or practitioners of high-impact physical activity. The participants were submitted to two assessments of perineal pressure on the same day, with different evaluators. After one week the protocol was repeated. Perineal pressure was determined by means of a perineometer and obtained by the difference between the maximum pressure (Pmax) and the minimum pressure (Pmin) recorded by the device, in millimeters of mercury. Sustained contraction (SC) was evaluated by the time in seconds. In order to determine reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used. Bland-Altman test was used for the concordance analysis. Comparison of means was performed by the Wilcoxon test. A value of p≤0.05 was considered significant.RESULTS: Ten participants were included, with a mean age of 23.8±2.9 years and a body mass index of 22.2±1.8 kg / m². The evaluator A obtained excellent intra-rater reliability for Pmin (ICC=0.86, p<0.01) and Pmax (ICC=0.92, p<0.01); very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.65, p=0.01); and no statistical significance for SC. For evaluator B, there was no statistical significance for Pmin and Pmax, but there was very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.78, p<0.01) and SC (ICC = 0.70, p<0.01). In the inter-rater analysis (A vs B), on day 1 there was no statistical significance for Pmin, Pmax and perineal pressure; but there was very good reliability for SC (ICC=0.71, p<0.01). On day 2, there was no statistical significance for Pmin and Pmax, but there was very good reliability for perineal pressure (ICC=0.62, p=0.02) and good for SC (ICC=0.56, p=0.03). There was agreement between intra and inter-rater measurements.CONCLUSIONS: Perineal pressure measurements showed very good intra-rater reliability and good to very good inter-rater reliability, with intra and inter-rater concordance.

scholarly journals Intra- and inter-rater reliability of the Knee Society Knee Score when used by two physiotherapists in patients post total knee arthroplasty

2010 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Gopal ◽  
W. Wood ◽  
H. Myezwa ◽  
A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Total Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Knee Score ◽  
Clinical Testing ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Knee Society Knee Score ◽  
Total Knee

Background and Purpose: It has yet to be shown whether routine physiotherapy plays a role in the rehabilitation of patients post totalknee arthroplasty (Rajan et al 2004). Physiotherapists should be using validoutcome measures to provide evidence of the benefit of their intervention. The aim of this study was to establish the intra and inter-rater reliability of the Knee Society Knee Score, a scoring system developed by Insall et al(1989). The Knee Society Knee Score can be used to assess the integrity of theknee joint of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Since the scoreinvolves clinical testing, the intra-rater reliability of the clinician should be established prior to using the scores as datain clinical research. W here multiple clinicians are involved, inter-rater reliability should also be established.Design: This was a correlation study.Subjects: A  sample of thirty patients post total knee arthroplasty attending the arthroplasty clinic at Johannesburg Hospital between six weeks and twelve months postoperatively.M ethod: Recruited patients were evaluated twice with a time interval of one hour between each assessment. Statistical A nalysis: The intra- and inter-rater reliability were estimated using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). R esults: The intra-rater reliability showed excellent reliability (h= 0.95) for Examiner A  and good reliability (h= 0.71)for Examiner B. The inter-rater reliability showed moderate reliability (h= 0.67 during test one and h= 0.66 during test two).Conclusion: The KSKS has good intra-rater reliability when tested within a period of one hour. The KSKS demonstrated moderate agreement for inter rater reliability.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of Three Instruments for Measuring Implant Stability Quotient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Blazquez-Hinarejos ◽  
Constanza Saka-Herrán ◽  
Victor Diez-Alonso ◽  
Jose Lopez-Lopez ◽  
Raúl Ayuso‐Montero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Implant Stability Quotient

Background: Actually, resonance frequency analysis (RFA) is the most extended method for measuring implant stability. The implant stability quotient (ISQ) is the measure obtained by the different RFA devices, however, inter- and intra- rater reliability and validity of some devices remains unknown. Methods: Thirty implants were placed in 3 different pig mandibles. ISQ was measured axial and parallel with Osstell&reg; Beacon, Penguin&reg; and MegaISQ&reg; by 2 different operators and one operator performed a test-retest. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the intra- and inter-rater reliability. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the validity. Results: The higher inter- and intra- rater reliability was obtained by Penguin&reg; when measuring axial. The highest ISQ values were obtained using Penguin&reg; in an axial measurement; the lowest, using the MegaISQ&reg; in an axial measurement. The highest correlation values with the other devices were obtained by MegaISQ&reg; measuring axially. Conclusion: Penguin&reg; had a good reliability for measuring ISQ both inter- and intra- rater. Osstell&reg; had good validity for measuring ISQ both axial and parallel and MegaISQ&reg; had the best validity for measuring ISQ axial.

Remote evaluation of upper extremity motor function following stroke: The Arm Capacity and Movement Test (ArmCAM) (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chieh-Ling Yang ◽  
Lisa A. Simposon ◽  
Janice Eng
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Minimal Detectable Change ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Movement Test

BACKGROUND Developing a simple measure that can be administered remotely via videoconferencing is needed for telerehabilitation for rural and remote population, or during the COVID-19 pandemic. OBJECTIVE To develop a valid and reliable measure [the Arm Capacity and Movement Test (ArmCAM)] administered remotely via videoconferencing to evaluate upper extremity motor function after stroke. METHODS A sample of individuals with stroke (N=31) was used to assess the reliability and validity of the ArmCAM (range: 0-30). Test-retest and inter-rater reliability were assessed through the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC). Validity was examined by the Pearson and Spearman rank correlation coefficients. RESULTS The ArmCAM consists of 10 items and takes 15 minutes to administer without any special equipment except for a computer and internet access. The ICC for test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability were 0.997 and 0.993, respectively. The SEM and MDC95 were 0.74 and 2.05 points, respectively. With respect to validity, correlations between the ArmCAM and the Rating of Everyday Arm-use in the Community and Home Scale, Stroke Impact Scale-Hand, Fugl-Meyer Assessment for upper extremity, and Action Research Arm Test were good to excellent (correlation coefficients: 0.811-0.944). CONCLUSIONS he ArmCAM has good reliability and validity. It is an easy-to-use assessment that is designed to be administered remotely via video conferencing. CLINICALTRIAL NA (This is not a clinical trial)

scholarly journals Behavioral Assessment of Sensory, Motor, Emotion, and Cognition in Rodent Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Shi ◽  
Huiying Bai ◽  
Junmin Wang ◽  
Jiarui Wang ◽  
Leo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Cold Pain ◽  
Pain Tests

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common type of stroke and has one of the highest fatality rates of any disease. There are many clinical signs and symptoms after ICH due to brain cell injury and network disruption resulted from the rupture of a tiny artery and activation of inflammatory cells, such as motor dysfunction, sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, and emotional disturbance, etc. Thus, researchers have established many tests to evaluate behavioral changes in rodent ICH models, in order to achieve a better understanding and thus improvements in the prognosis for the clinical treatment of stroke. This review summarizes existing protocols that have been applied to assess neurologic function outcomes in the rodent ICH models such as pain, motor, cognition, and emotion tests. Pain tests include mechanical, hot, and cold pain tests; motor tests include the following 12 types: neurologic deficit scale test, staircase test, rotarod test, cylinder test, grid walk test, forelimb placing test, wire hanging test, modified neurologic severity score, beam walking test, horizontal ladder test, and adhesive removal test; learning and memory tests include Morris water maze, Y-maze, and novel object recognition test; emotion tests include elevated plus maze, sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, open field test, and forced swim test. This review discusses these assessments by examining their rationale, setup, duration, baseline, procedures as well as comparing their pros and cons, thus guiding researchers to select the most appropriate behavioral tests for preclinical ICH research.

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