scholarly journals Behavioral Assessment of Sensory, Motor, Emotion, and Cognition in Rodent Models of Intracerebral Hemorrhage

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Shi ◽  
Huiying Bai ◽  
Junmin Wang ◽  
Jiarui Wang ◽  
Leo Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Cold Pain ◽  
Pain Tests

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second most common type of stroke and has one of the highest fatality rates of any disease. There are many clinical signs and symptoms after ICH due to brain cell injury and network disruption resulted from the rupture of a tiny artery and activation of inflammatory cells, such as motor dysfunction, sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, and emotional disturbance, etc. Thus, researchers have established many tests to evaluate behavioral changes in rodent ICH models, in order to achieve a better understanding and thus improvements in the prognosis for the clinical treatment of stroke. This review summarizes existing protocols that have been applied to assess neurologic function outcomes in the rodent ICH models such as pain, motor, cognition, and emotion tests. Pain tests include mechanical, hot, and cold pain tests; motor tests include the following 12 types: neurologic deficit scale test, staircase test, rotarod test, cylinder test, grid walk test, forelimb placing test, wire hanging test, modified neurologic severity score, beam walking test, horizontal ladder test, and adhesive removal test; learning and memory tests include Morris water maze, Y-maze, and novel object recognition test; emotion tests include elevated plus maze, sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, open field test, and forced swim test. This review discusses these assessments by examining their rationale, setup, duration, baseline, procedures as well as comparing their pros and cons, thus guiding researchers to select the most appropriate behavioral tests for preclinical ICH research.

scholarly journals Jianpi Jieyu Decoction, An Empirical Herbal Formula, Exerts Psychotropic Effects in Association With Modulation of Gut Microbial Diversity and GABA Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lanying Liu ◽  
Zhilu Zou ◽  
Jiangwei Yang ◽  
Xiaoqi Li ◽  
Boran Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Forced Swim Test ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Tail Suspension Test ◽  
Antidepressant Effect ◽  
Mild Stress ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Object Recognition Test ◽  
Microbial Distribution

Background: Recent studies suggest that gut microbiota was associated with the bidirectional gut-brain axis which could modulate neuropsychological functions of the central nervous system. Gut microbiota could produce gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) that could modulate the gut–brain axis response. Jianpi Jieyu (JPJY) decoction, a traditional Chinese formula, is mainly composed of Astragalus membranaxeus and Radix Pseudostellariae. Although the JPJY decoction has been used to treat the depression in China, the potential action of its antidepressant has not been well understood. Thus this study was aim to investigate the role of JPJY improve gut microbiota homeostasis in the chronic stress induced depressive mice.Methods: The antidepressant effect of JPJY on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mice was evaluated by using sucrose preference test, tail suspension test and forced swim test. Fatigue-like behaviors were evaluated using degree of redness, grip strength test, and exhaustive swimming test. The new object recognition test was used to evaluate cognition performance. Fecal samples were collected and taxonomical analysis of intestinal microbial distribution was conducted with 16S rDNA. Serum level of GABA was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The expression of GluR1 and p-Tau protein in the hippocampus was determined using Western blotting.Results: The dose of 9.2 g/kg JPJY produced antidepressant-like effects. JPJY and its major components also modulated gut microbiota diversity in the CUMS mice. Serum level of GABA and the expressions of hippocampal GluR1 and p-Tau were reversed after the administration of JPJY in CUMS mice.Conclusion: JPJY regulates gut microbiota to produce antidepressant-like effect and improve cognition deficit in depressive mice while its molecular mechanism possibly be enhanced NR1 and Tau expression in hippocampus and increased GABA in serum.

scholarly journals Non-clinical safety study of a sugarcane bacterial cellulose hydrogel

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. e960997932
Author(s):  
Jaiurte Gomes Martins da Silva ◽  
Flávia Cristina Morone Pinto ◽  
Glícia Maria de Oliveira ◽  
Anderson Arnaldo da Silva ◽  
Olávio Campos Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Renal Histology ◽  
Cellulose Hydrogel

A hydrogel of bacterial cellulose of 0.8%, biopolymer produced from sugarcane molasses and synthesized from a bacteria called Zoogloea sp., was analyzed for its composition and tested by two routes of administration, subcutaneous and intraperitoneal, to clarify the local and systemic adverse effects after skin implantation in Wistar rats (24 males, 24 females, 55 days old). Analysis of two samples of BC films indicates carbon (42.94%; 43.43%), hydrogen (6.73%; 6.76%), nitrogen (0.28%, 0.23%) and oxygen (50.05%, 49.58%). No abnormal behavior, clinical signs of chronic toxicity or inflammation were observed. There was no change in liver injury biomarker levels (ALT, AST and ALP), as well as in renal histology, where it was evaluated to signs of tubular cell injury, glomerular or vascular damage, and renal morphometry, in which it was quantified the number of renal corpuscles, the number of cells per glomerulus and the capsular space area. Thus, the absence of signs and symptoms of toxicity suggests that subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections of these polymers may be used in clinical situations.

Association of Locus Coeruleus and Substantia Nigra Pathology With Cognitive and Motor Functions in Patients With Parkinson Disease

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012444
Author(s):  
Jannik Prasuhn ◽  
Michelle Prasuhn ◽  
Anja Fellbrich ◽  
Robert Strautz ◽  
Felicitas Lemmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability

Objective.To investigate the contribution of substantia nigra (SN) and locus coeruleus (LC) pathology to clinical signs and symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD) by applying neuromelanin-weighted imaging.Methods.Forty-seven patients with PD and 53 matched controls underwent motor assessment, a neuropsychological test battery and neuromelanin-weighted MRI. Patients with PD have been enrolled after fulfilling the criteria for ‘clinically established PD’ as defined by the Movement Disorders Society Clinical Diagnostic Criteria. Two independent raters identified SN and LC and calculated the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).Results.The intra-rater reliability demonstrated a good reliability between raters with an intraclass correlation coefficient of .88 (p<.001) and an inter-rater reliability of .80 (p<.001). Both, SN and LC CNRs were lower in patients with PD (p≤.001) compared to controls. The CNR of SN but not of LC was strongly correlated with disease duration (p≤.001). Neuromelanin pathology of the pars compacta-containing dorso-lateral SN correlated with MDS-UPDRS I, II and III but not cognitive functions. In contrast, neuromelanin pathology of LC was associated with cognitive functions in all tested domains but not with motor impairment or activities of daily living. No such associations were present in controls.Conclusions.Neuromelanin imaging of the SN and LC is well-suited to map neurodegeneration in PD. Neuromelanin pathology of the SN correlates with motor dysfunction whereas LC pathology is related to cognitive impairment. Neuromelanin-weighted imaging of the LC could thus serve as an imaging marker of executive and other cognitive dysfunctions in PD.Classification of Evidence:This study provides Class I evidence that neuromelanin-weighted imaging was associated with the severity of various signs and symptoms in patients with PD.

scholarly journals Sindrom Hepatopulmoner

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Kowiy Akbar ◽  
Isnu Pradjoko
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Supportive Therapy ◽  
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome ◽  
Blood Gas Analysis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Definitive Treatment

Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is an important complication of liver disease on pulmonary organ; characterized by the triad of liver disease, pulmonary vascular dilatation, and oxygenation defect. Clinical signs and symptoms include dyspnea, platypnea, orthodeoxia, cyanosis, and clubbing finger. The underlying patophysiology involves abnormal vasodilation and angiogenesis in the pulmonary vascular bed, which leads to ventilation-perfusion mismatch, diffusion limitation to oxygen exchange, and arteriovenous shunting. This disorder is thought to be linked to liver cell injury, which stimulates release of endothelin-1 and results in increased expression of endothelin receptors on pulmonary endothelial cells, leading to upregulation of endothelial-nitric-oxide-synthase (eNOS) and subsequent increased production of nitric oxide (NO), ultimately causing vasodilation. Laboratory studies to establish diagnosis includes blood gas analysis and echocardiography, supported by radiology and pulmonary vascular cathetherization. Despite accumulated knowledge about the pathogenesis of HPS, currently there is still no established medical therapy, and liver transplantation remains the definitive treatment for this syndrome. Supportive therapy consists oflong term oxygen administration to prevent desaturation and alleviate dyspnea.

Infection surveillance in nursing homes in Stockholm County, Sweden, 2005 - 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Tammelin
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Urinary Catheter ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
County Council ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Stockholm County ◽  
Infection Surveillance

Swedish nursing homes are obliged to have a management system for systematic quality work including self-monitoring of which surveillance of infections is one part. The Department of Infection Control in Stockholm County Council has provided a simple system for infection surveillance to the nursing homes in Stockholm County since 2002. A form is filled in by registered nurses in the nursing homes at each episode of infection among the residents. A bacterial infection is defined by antibiotic prescribing and a viral infection by clinical signs and symptoms. Yearly reports of numbers of infections in each nursing home and calculated normalized figures for incidence, i.e. infections per 100 residents per year, as well as proportion of residents with urinary catheter are delivered to the medically responsible nurses in each municipality by the Department of Infection Control. Number of included residents has varied from 4,531 in 2005 to 8,157 in 2014 with a peak of 10,051 in 2009. The yearly incidences during 2005 - 2014 (cases per 100 residents) were: Urinary tract infection (UTI) 7.9-16.0, Pneumonia 3.7-5.3, Infection of chronic ulcer 3.4–6.8, Other infection in skin or soft tissue 1.4–2.9, Clostridium difficile-infection 0.2–0.7, Influenza 0–0.4 and Viral gastroenteritis 1.2–3.7. About 1 % of the residents have a suprapubic urinary catheter, 6–7 % have an indwelling urinary catheter. Knowledge about the incidence of UTI has contributed to the decrease of this infection both in residents with and without urinary catheter.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Course of IgA and IgG Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in Healthcare Workers during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Germany: Interim Results from an Ongoing Observational Cohort Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Mark Reinwald ◽  
Peter Markus Deckert ◽  
Oliver Ritter ◽  
Henrike Andresen ◽  
Andreas G. Schreyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Observational Cohort

(1) Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are prone to intensified exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the ongoing pandemic. We prospectively analyzed the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in HCWs at baseline and follow up with regard to clinical signs and symptoms in two university hospitals in Brandenburg, Germany. (2) Methods: Screening for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA and IgG antibodies was offered to HCWs at baseline and follow up two months thereafter in two hospitals of Brandenburg Medical School during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany in an ongoing observational cohort study. Medical history and signs and symptoms were recorded by questionnaires and analyzed. (3) Results: Baseline seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgA was 11.7% and increased to 15% at follow up, whereas IgG seropositivity was 2.1% at baseline and 2.2% at follow up. The rate of asymptomatic seropositive cases was 39.5%. Symptoms were not associated with general seropositivity for anti-SARS-CoV-2; however, class switch from IgA to IgG was associated with increased symptom burden. (4) Conclusions: The seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 was low in HCWs but higher compared to population data and increased over time. Screening for antibodies detected a significant proportion of seropositive participants cases without symptoms.

scholarly journals Wolman’s disease presenting with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report from Saudi Arabia and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Alabbas ◽  
Ghaleb Elyamany ◽  
Talal Alanzi ◽  
Tahani Bin Ali ◽  
Fatma Albatniji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Metabolic Disorder ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Homozygous Deletion

Abstract Background Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and potentially fatal syndrome that is characterized by strong activation of the immune system from hyperinflammatory cytokines. Symptoms of HLH patients include fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cytopenia, and hyperferritinemia. Inherited HLH is classified as primary, whereas secondary HLH (sHLH) occurs when acquired from non-inherited reasons that include severe infection, immune deficiency syndrome, autoimmune disorder, neoplasm, and metabolic disorder. Wolman’s disease (WD) is a rare and fatal infantile metabolic disorder caused by lysosomal acid lipase deficiency, that exhibits similar clinical signs and symptoms as HLH. This paper reports the case of an infant diagnosed with WD and who presented with sHLH. Case presentation A 4-month-old infant presenting with hepatosplenomegaly, failure to thrive, and other abnormalities. WD diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of the LIPA gene homozygous deletion c.(428 + 1_967-1)_(*1_?)del. The infant also met the HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria. Conclusions Metabolic disorder such as WD should be investigated in infants fulfilling the HLH criteria to diagnose the underlying condition. More studies are needed to understand the link between WD and sHLH and to identify appropriate therapies.

Very Early Exercise Rehabilitation After Intracerebral Hemorrhage Promotes Inflammation in the Brain

2021 ◽  
pp. 154596832110063
Author(s):  
Keigo Tamakoshi ◽  
Madoka Maeda ◽  
Shinnosuke Nakamura ◽  
Nae Murohashi
Keyword(s):  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Exercise Rehabilitation ◽  
Early Exercise ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
To Receive

Background Very early exercise has been reported to exacerbate motor dysfunction; however, its mechanism is largely unknown. Objective This study examined the effect of very early exercise on motor recovery and associated brain damage following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats. Methods Collagenase solution was injected into the left striatum to induce ICH. Rats were randomly assigned to receive placebo surgery without exercise (SHAM) or ICH without (ICH) or with very early exercise within 24 hours of surgery (ICH+VET). We observed sensorimotor behaviors before surgery, and after surgery preexercise and postexercise. Postexercise brain tissue was collected 27 hours after surgery to investigate the hematoma area, brain edema, and Il1b, Tgfb1, and Igf1 mRNA levels in the striatum and sensorimotor cortex using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. NeuN, PSD95, and GFAP protein expression was analyzed by Western blotting. Results We observed significantly increased skillful sensorimotor impairment in the horizontal ladder test and significantly higher Il1b mRNA levels in the striatum of the ICH+VET group compared with the ICH group. NeuN protein expression was significantly reduced in both brain regions of the ICH+VET group compared with the SHAM group. Conclusion Our results suggest that very early exercise may be associated with an exacerbation of motor dysfunction because of increased neuronal death and region-specific changes in inflammatory factors. These results indicate that implementing exercise within 24 hours after ICH should be performed with caution.

scholarly journals Dementia and Major Neurocognitive Disorders: Some Lessons Learned One Century after the first Alois Alzheimer’s Clinical Notes

Geriatrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Donatella Rita Petretto ◽  
Gian Pietro Carrogu ◽  
Luca Gaviano ◽  
Lorenzo Pili ◽  
Roberto Pili
Keyword(s):  
Young Woman ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Alzheimer Dementia ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Alois Alzheimer ◽  
Clinical Signs And Symptoms

Over 100 years ago, Alois Alzheimer presented the clinical signs and symptoms of what has been later called “Alzheimer Dementia” in a young woman whose name was Augustine Deter [...]

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document