Epidemiology of Treated Epilepsy in New Zealand Children: A Focus on Ethnicity

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012784
Author(s):  
Shayma Ali ◽  
James Stanley ◽  
Suzanne Davis ◽  
Ngaire Keenan ◽  
Ingrid Scheffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Pediatric Epilepsy ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Period Prevalence ◽  
Asian Children ◽  
Epidemiological Information ◽  
Deprived Areas

Objective:To determine the period prevalence and incidence of treated epilepsy in a New Zealand (NZ) pediatric cohort with a focus on ethnicity and socioeconomic status.Methods:This was a retrospective cohort study. The NZ Pharmaceutical Collection database was searched for individuals (≤18 years) dispensed an antiseizure medication (ASM) in 2015 from areas capturing 48% of the NZ pediatric population. Medical records of identified cases were reviewed to ascertain the indication for the ASM prescription. Population data was derived from the NZ 2013 Census.Results:3557 ASMs were prescribed during 2015 in 2594 children, of whom 1717 (66%) children had epilepsy. An indication for prescription was ascertained for 3332/3557 (94%) of ASMs. The period prevalence of treated epilepsy was 3.4 per 1000 children. Children in the most deprived areas had 1.9 times the rate of treated epilepsy (95% CI 1.6-2.2) than those from the least deprived areas. Prevalence was similar for most ethnic groups (European/Other - 3.7, 95% CI 3.4-3.9; Pacific Peoples - 3.6, 95% CI 3.2-4.1; Māori - 3.4, 95% CI 3.1-3.8) apart from Asians, who had a lower prevalence of 2.3 per 1000 (95% CI 2.0-2.6). However, when adjusted for socioeconomic deprivation, the prevalence of epilepsy was highest in Europeans and similar in Māori, Pacific and Asian children.Conclusions:This is the largest pediatric epidemiology epilepsy study where diagnosis of epilepsy was confirmed by case review. This is the first study to provide epidemiological information for pediatric epilepsy in Māori and Pacific children.

New Zealand population data at five VNTR loci: validation as databases for forensic identity testing

1996 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.F. Hamilton ◽  
L. Starling ◽  
S.J. Cordiner ◽  
D.L. Monahan ◽  
J.S. Buckleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Identity Testing ◽  
Zealand Population

scholarly journals Residential Mobility and Changes in Deprivation Levels For 0 – 4 Year Olds in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Robertson ◽  
Kim Nathan ◽  
Philippa Howden-Chapman ◽  
Michael Baker ◽  
Polly Atatoa Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Residential Mobility ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
High Deprivation ◽  
Residential Moves ◽  
Government Data ◽  
Deprived Areas

IntroductionHigh residential mobility has been shown to have a negative impact on young children, with long-term consequences for their physical and mental health, and social outcomes. Understanding the broad trends in moves and differentiating between moves to neighbourhoods which are likely to have ‘positive’ or ‘negative’ consequences is an important question in the residential mobility literature, with important implications for public policy and children’s health. Objectives and ApproachThe aims of this study are to describe the level and changes in neighbourhood deprivation that occur during residential moves involving children aged 0–4 years of age in New Zealand, and to assess whether these changes differ for children of different ethnicities. Our cohort is 565,689 children born in New Zealand from 2004 to 2018. The dataset of residential moves is created using the full address notification table from the Integrated Data Infrastructure, a set of government data tables that have been linked and anonymised by Statistics New Zealand. ResultsWhile there is a reasonable amount of mobility in terms of the deprivation of the area in which a child lives, the most likely outcome of a move is that it will be to an area with the same level of deprivation. This is especially true for the most and least deprived areas. Areas of high deprivation have the highest levels of churn and residential mobility. Māori and Pasifika children have lower levels of socioeconomic mobility and are more likely to move into and to stay in, areas of high deprivation. Conclusion / ImplicationsChildren living in highly deprived areas are likely to stay in high deprivation areas. Children living in these areas also move more frequently than the general population. Māori and Pasifika children are overrepresented in high deprivation areas, and on average they move more frequently than the group of all children aged 0 – 4.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE AND SEVERITY OF POSSIBLE DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS IN PEDIATRICS DEPARTMENT AT AN INDIAN TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Ramam Sripada ◽  
S. V. Suresh Kumar ◽  
N. Devanna ◽  
Kandula Ravindra Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Moderate Severity ◽  
Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital ◽  
Care Teaching ◽  
Ambulatory Patients

Objective: To study the prevalence and severity of possible drug-drug interactions in the department of pediatrics.Methods: Case records of the in-patients of the pediatrics department from the medical records department were included and the records of the ambulatory patients were excluded from the study. All the collected cases were subjected to check for the drug-drug interactions by using the software micromedex 2.0 and the interactions were categorized based on the severity into minor, moderate and major.Results: A total of 142 cases were screened for possible drug-drug interactions (DDIs) and among them 76 cases were observed to be with possible DDIs.  The prevalence was found to be 53.5% in this study. Majority of the cases with possible DDIs were observed to be in females. Results of the age wise categorization revealed that majority of the possible DDIS were observed in children (2-12 y) followed by the infants (1 mo–2 y). The drug combinations amikacin+ampicillin, paracetamol+phenytoin and ofloxacin+ondansetron were found to be the frequently observed possible DDIs of minor, moderate and major severities respectively.Conclusion: Majority of the possible DDIs were of moderate severity followed by major. Clinical pharmacists should take the responsibility in assisting the pediatricians for screening the possible DDIs in the prescriptions there by preventing them and providing a better pharmaceutical care for the pediatric population.  

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of humanCampylobacter jejunishows association between seasonal and international patterns of disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (12) ◽  
pp. 2247-2255 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. McCARTHY ◽  
I. A. GILLESPIE ◽  
A. J. LAWSON ◽  
J. RICHARDSON ◽  
K. R. NEAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Summer Peak ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Epidemiological Information

SUMMARYWe sought to explain seasonality and other aspects ofCampylobacter jejuniepidemiology by integrating population genetic and epidemiological analysis in a large 3-year longitudinal, two-centre, population-based study. Epidemiological information was collected for 1505 isolates, which were multilocus sequence-typed. Analyses compared pathogen population structure between areas, over time, and between clinical presentations. Pooled analysis was performed with published international datasets. Subtype association with virulence was not observed. UK sites had nearly identicalC. jejunipopulations. A clade formed by ST45 and ST283 clonal complexes showed a summer peak. This clade was common in a Finnish dataset but not in New Zealand and Australian collections, countries with less marked seasonality. The UK, New Zealand and Australian collections were otherwise similar. These findings map to knownin-vitrodifferences of this clade. This identifies a target for studies to elucidate the drivers of the summer peak in humanC. jejuniinfection.

scholarly journals Socio-economic differences in eating-related attitudes, behaviours and environments of adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Utter ◽  
Simon Denny ◽  
Sue Crengle ◽  
Shanthi Ameratunga ◽  
Terryann Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Eating Behaviours ◽  
School Students ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deprived Areas

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between area-level socio-economic status and healthy and less healthy eating behaviours among adolescents and to determine whether the relationship between area-level socio-economic status and dietary behaviours was related to the relevant attitudes and environments.DesignData were collected as part of Youth’07, a nationally representative survey of the health and well-being of New Zealand youth.SettingNew Zealand secondary schools, 2007.SubjectsA total of 9107 secondary-school students in New Zealand.ResultsStudents from more deprived areas perceived more supportive school environments and cared as much about healthy eating as students in more affluent areas. However, these students were significantly more likely to report consuming fast food, soft drinks and chocolates.ConclusionsAddressing area-level socio-economic disparities in healthy eating requires addressing the availability, affordability and marketing of unhealthy snack foods, particularly in economically deprived areas.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Incidence and Mortality by Age Strata and Comorbidities in Mexico City: A Focus in the Pediatric Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia González-García ◽  
María F. Castilla-Peón ◽  
Fortino Solórzano Santos ◽  
Rodolfo Norberto Jiménez-Juárez ◽  
Maria Elena Martínez Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Pediatric Populations

Background: SARS-COV2 appears less frequently and less severely in the pediatric population than in the older age groups. There is a need to precisely estimate the specific risks for each age group to design health and education policies suitable for each population.Objective: This study aimed to describe the risk of death in SARS-COV2 infected subjects by age group and according to the presence of comorbidities.Methods: We analyzed data of confirmed SARS-COV2 infection cases where symptoms began between February 22th, 2020, and April 18th, 2021, as published by the General Epidemiology Direction (DGE) of the Mexican Ministry of Health. We calculated COVID-19 incidence and mortality by age group using population data from the Statistics and Population National Institute (INEGI), and estimated the association between risk of death and the presence of comorbidities.Results: Mortality in SARS-COV2 infected people varied considerably, between 7 and 155 deaths per million per year in the under-20 age groups compared to 441 to 15,929 in the older age groups. Mortality in pediatric populations is strongly associated with comorbidities (OR: 4.6-47.9) compared to the milder association for older age groups (OR: 3.16–1.23).Conclusion: The risk of death from SARS-COV2 infection in children is low and is strongly associated with comorbidities.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Incidence And Mortality By Age Strata And Comorbidities In Mexico City: A Focus In The Pediatric Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIA FERNANDA CASTILLA PEON ◽  
Nadia Gonzalez-Garcia ◽  
Fortino Solorzano-Santos ◽  
Rodolfo Jimenez Juarez ◽  
Maria Elena Martinez Bustamante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Face ◽  
Pediatric Populations

Introduction: SARS-COV2 appears less frequently and less severely in the pediatric population than in older age groups. In the face of the urgent need to reactivate activities suspended during the lockdown, mainly those essential for child development, this study aims to describe the risks of death of persons infected with SARS-COV2 by age group and according to the presence of comorbidities. Methodology: We analyzed data of confirmed SARS-COV2 infection cases where symptoms began between February 22th, 2020, and March 31, 2021, as published by the General Epidemiology Direction (DGE) of the Mexican Ministry of Health. We calculated COVID-19 incidence and mortality by age group with population data from the Statistics and Population National Institute (INEGI), estimating the correlation between risk of death and the presence of comorbidities. Results: Mortality in SARS-COV2 infected people varied considerably, between 7 to 155 deaths per million per year in the under-20 age groups compared to 441 to 15929 in the older age groups. Mortality in pediatric populations is strongly associated with comorbidities (OR: 4.6- 47.9) compared to the milder association for older age groups (OR: 3.16-1.23). Conclusions: The risk of death from SARS-COV2 infection in children is low and strongly associated with comorbidities.

scholarly journals A study on conservative management on paediatric bone forearm fractures in tertiary care hospital in Cuddalore district

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1186
Author(s):  
Manikandarajan . ◽  
Dinesh Raj
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Management ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Closed Reduction ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Plaster Cast ◽  
Final Visit ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Forearm Fractures ◽  
Before And After

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna are common in the pediatric population. The standard management for pediatric forearm fractures remains conservative management with closed reduction and immobilization with an above elbow plaster cast. Though the fracture unites readily, malunion is very common. Stiffness of joints, compartment syndrome is other complications of conservative management with plaster cast Forearm fractures are common in the pediatric population. These fractures are mostly managed conservatively by means of closed manual reduction and casting. The aim of this study was to reiterate the importance of conservative management in both bone forearm fractures in the pediatric population.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was a prospective study from a tertiary level trauma center on 70 children up to 14 years of age with both bone forearm fractures from June 2018 to June 2019, cases were obtained from medical records. Data were collected and confirmed by plain X-ray films and medical records.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> All fractures achieved union at the final visit. More than 90 of diaphyseal forearm fractures achieved exceptional radiological and clinical outcomes and almost no case had a significantly poor outcome. There were significantly reduced angulation deformities before and after treatment (p&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Nonsurgical treatment as a model of management by means of closed reduction and casting is a very well accepted method of treating pediatric diaphyseal forearm fractures. </p>

scholarly journals Surgical treatment of epilepsy in Vietnam: program development and international collaboration

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. E3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon G. Rocque ◽  
Matthew C. Davis ◽  
Samuel G. McClugage ◽  
Dang Anh Tuan ◽  
Donald T. King ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Epilepsy Surgery ◽  
International Collaboration ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Surgical Care ◽  
Pediatric Epilepsy ◽  
Case Review ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Us ◽  
Scientific Meetings

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this report was to describe an international collaboration model to facilitate the surgical treatment of children with epilepsy in Vietnam.METHODSThis model uses three complementary methods to achieve a meaningful expansion in epilepsy surgery capacity: US-based providers visiting Hanoi, Vietnam; Vietnamese providers visiting the US; and ongoing telecollaboration, including case review and real-time mentorship using internet-based communication platforms.RESULTSIntroductions took place during a US neurosurgeon’s visit to Vietnam in 2014. Given the Vietnamese surgeon’s expertise in intraventricular tumor surgery, the focus of the initial visit was corpus callosotomy. After two operations performed jointly, the Vietnamese surgeon went on to perform 10 more callosotomy procedures in the ensuing 6 months with excellent results. The collaborative work grew and matured in 2016–2017, with 40 pediatric epilepsy surgeries performed from 2015 through 2017. Because pediatric epilepsy care requires far more than neurosurgery, teams traveling to Vietnam included a pediatric neurologist and an electroencephalography (EEG) technologist. Also, in 2016–2017, a neurosurgeon, two neurologists, and an EEG nurse from Vietnam completed 2- to 3-month fellowships at Children’s of Alabama (COA) in the US. These experiences improved EEG capabilities and facilitated the development of intraoperative electrocorticography (ECoG), making nonlesional epilepsy treatment more feasible. The final component has been ongoing, i.e., regular communication. The Vietnamese team regularly sends case summaries for discussion to the COA epilepsy conference. Three patients in Vietnam have undergone resection guided by ECoG without the US team present, although there was communication via internet-based telecollaboration tools between Vietnamese and US EEG technologists. To date, two of these three patients remain seizure free. The Vietnamese team has presented the results of their epilepsy experience at two international functional and epilepsy surgery scientific meetings.CONCLUSIONSOngoing international collaboration has improved the surgical care of epilepsy in Vietnam. Experience suggests that the combination of in-country and US-based training, augmented by long-distance telecollaboration, is an effective paradigm for increasing the capacity for highly subspecialized, multidisciplinary neurosurgical care.

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