Spatially restricted patterns of expression of the homeobox-containing gene Hox 2.1. during mouse embryogenesis

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.W. Holland ◽  
B.L. Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Restricted Domain ◽  
Embryonic Patterning ◽  
Embryonic Lung ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Mouse Embryogenesis ◽  
Restricted Domains ◽  
Homeobox Sequence

The mouse Hox 2.1 gene contains a homeobox sequence and is therefore a candidate for a vertebrate gene involved in the control of embryonic patterning or positional specification. To investigate this possibility, we have used in situ hybridization to determine the pattern of Hox 2.1 expression during mouse embryogenesis. At 8.5 days post coitum, Hox 2.1 is expressed at a low level in the posterior neuroectoderm and mesoderm, and in the neuroectoderm of the presumptive hindbrain. At 12.5 days p.c., Hox 2.1 is expressed in an anteroposterior restricted domain extending from the hindbrain throughout the length of the spinal cord, predominantly in the dorsal region. Between 12.5 and 13.5 days p.c. the domain becomes localized to the occipital and cervical regions. We also detect Hox 2.1 RNA in the embryonic lung, stomach, mesonephros and metanephros, as well as in myenteric plexus, dorsal root ganglia and the nodose ganglion, and in mature granulocytes. The embryonic expression of Hox 2.1 in neural tissue is compared with that of Hox 3.1, which also shows anteroposterior restricted domains of gene expression. These patterns of expression are not clearly consistent with Hox 2.1 or Hox 3.1 having roles in segmental patterning. However, the data are consistent with these genes having regulatory roles in anteroposterior positional specification in the neuroectoderm and mesoderm, and suggest that Hox 2.1 may also have functions during organogenesis.

A gene with sequence similarity to Drosophila engrailed is expressed during the development of the neural tube and vertebrae in the mouse

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Davidson ◽  
E. Graham ◽  
C. Sime ◽  
R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Anterior Part ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Restricted Domains ◽  
Restricted Region

The mouse genes En-1 and En-2 display sequence similarity, in and around the homeobox region, to the engrailed family in Drosophila. This paper describes their pattern of expression in the 12.5-day mouse embryo as determined by in situ hybridization. En-2 is expressed in a subset of cells expressing En-1. Both genes are expressed in the developing midbrain and its junction with the hindbrain. In addition, En-1 is expressed in the floor of the hindbrain, a restricted ventrolateral segment of the neural tube throughout the trunk and anterior part of the tail, the dermatome of tail somites, the centrum and costal processes in developing vertebrae, a restricted region of facial mesenchyme and the limb-bud ectoderm. Supplementary studies of 9.5-day and 10.5-day embryos showed that the same pattern of expression pertained in the neural tube, but that expression in the somites is at first confined to the dermatome and later found at a low level in restricted sclerotomal regions. Both genes are expressed in restricted domains which do not cross tissue-type boundaries. In several instances, however, boundaries of expression lie within morphologically undifferentiated tissue. These results suggest that En-1 and En-2 may be involved in the establishment or maintenance of the spatial integrity of specific domains within developing tissues.

scholarly journals General Solutions of Two Quadratic Functional Equations of Pexider Type on Orthogonal Vectors

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margherita Fochi
Keyword(s):  
Functional Equations ◽  
Inner Product ◽  
Quadratic Functional ◽  
Ulam Stability ◽  
Restricted Domain ◽  
Product Spaces ◽  
General Solutions ◽  
Inner Product Spaces ◽  
Restricted Domains

Based on the studies on the Hyers-Ulam stability and the orthogonal stability of some Pexider-quadratic functional equations, in this paper we find the general solutions of two quadratic functional equations of Pexider type. Both equations are studied in restricted domains: the first equation is studied on the restricted domain of the orthogonal vectors in the sense of Rätz, and the second equation is considered on the orthogonal vectors in the inner product spaces with the usual orthogonality.

In situ hybridization study of μ- and κ-opioid receptor mRNAs in the rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia

1994 ◽  
Vol 168 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Maekawa ◽  
Masabumi Minami ◽  
Kazuki Yabuuchi ◽  
Takashi Toya ◽  
Yoshikazu Katao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Hybridization Study ◽  
Rat Spinal Cord ◽  
Receptor Mrnas

Cisplatin neurotoxicity: the relationship between dosage, time, and platinum concentration in neurologic tissues, and morphologic evidence of toxicity.

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 795-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
R W Gregg ◽  
J M Molepo ◽  
V J Monpetit ◽  
N Z Mikael ◽  
D Redmond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Root Ganglia ◽  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Sensory Neuropathy ◽  
Neural Tissue ◽  
Neural Structure ◽  
Neural Tissues ◽  
Index Of Exposure ◽  
Platinum Accumulation ◽  
The Relationship

PURPOSE To identify the major sites of platinum accumulation within neural tissues after treatment with cisplatin and to determine the relationship between cumulative dosage, time, and the development of histopathological and clinical neurotoxicity. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-one patients treated antemortem with cisplatin had neural tissue harvested at autopsy. Neural tissues were assayed for platinum and examined for histopathologic evidence of neurotoxicity. The relationship between histopathologic neurotoxicity and various pharmacologic parameters was analyzed. RESULTS Tissue platinum levels were found to be highest in the dorsal root ganglia and lowest in tissue protected by the blood-brain barrier. For peripheral nerve, dorsal root, and dorsal root ganglia, a linear relationship was observed between platinum levels and cumulative dose. Platinum levels in neural tissue were not observed to decrease with time. Histopathologic toxicity closely matched an index of exposure to platinum (cumulative dose and log of time). Clinical and histopathologic neurotoxicity was found to occur with higher accumulations of platinum, with the highest levels found in patients with clinical evidence of neurotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS The dorsal root ganglia was the most vulnerable neural structure. This is consistent with the clinical presentation of sensory neuropathy in cisplatin neurotoxicity. Central structures of the spinal cord and brain were protected from platinum accumulation. The increasing histopathologic toxicity, with an index of exposure to platinum, suggests that it is retained indefinitely in an actively neurotoxic form. The pharmacologic parameters examined correlate with the development of and are consistent with the clinical and laboratory features of cisplatin neurotoxicity.

Differential cytokeratin gene expression reveals early dorsal-ventral regionalization in chick mesoderm

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 417-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Charlebois ◽  
J.J. Henry ◽  
R.M. Grainger
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Spatial Patterning ◽  
Germ Layer ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Histological Differentiation ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Early Step ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Hierarchical Manner

The induction and spatial patterning of early mesoderm are known to be critical events in the establishment of the vertebrate body plan. However, it has been difficult to define precisely the steps by which mesoderm is initially subdivided into functionally discrete regions. Here we present evidence for a sharply defined distinction between presumptive dorsal and presumptive ventral regions in early chick mesoderm. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses reveal that transcripts corresponding to CKse1, a cytokeratin gene expressed during early development, are present at high levels in the presumptive ventral mesoderm, but are greatly reduced or undetectable in the future dorsal region of mesoderm, where the formation of axial structures occurs later in development. This distinction is present even while the mesoderm layer is being formed, and persists during the extensive cellular movements and tissue remodelling associated with morphogenesis. These results point to an early step in which two fundamentally distinct states are established along the presumptive dorsal-ventral axis in the mesoderm, and suggest that determination in this germ layer occurs in a hierarchical manner, rather than by direct specification of individual types of histological differentiation. The differential expression of CKse1 represents the earliest molecular index of dorsoventral regionalization detected thus far in the mesoderm.

Expression of p53 during mouse embryogenesis

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 857-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Schmid ◽  
A. Lorenz ◽  
H. Hameister ◽  
M. Montenarh
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cellular Differentiation ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Mouse Embryogenesis ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
The Brain ◽  
P53 Mrna

By in situ hybridisation we have examined the expression of p53 during mouse embryogenesis from day 8.5 to day 18.5 post coitum (p.c.). High levels of p53 mRNA were detected in all cells of the day 8.5 p.c. and 10.5 p.c. mouse embryo. However, at later stages of development, expression became more pronounced during differentiation of specific tissues e.g. of the brain, liver, lung, thymus, intestine, salivary gland and kidney. In cells undergoing terminal differentiation, the level of p53 mRNA declined strongly. In the brain, hybridisation signals were also observed in postmitotic but not yet terminally differentiated cells. Therefore, gene expression of p53 does not appear to be linked with cellular proliferation in this organ. A proposed role for p53 in cellular differentiation is discussed.

scholarly journals A retinoic acid responsive gene MK found in the teratocarcinoma system is expressed in spatially and temporally controlled manner during mouse embryogenesis.

1990 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Kadomatsu ◽  
R P Huang ◽  
T Suganuma ◽  
F Murata ◽  
T Muramatsu
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Embryonal Carcinoma ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Embryonic Induction ◽  
Mouse Embryogenesis ◽  
Epithelial Tissues ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
The Brain

A newly identified gene MK is transiently expressed in early stages of retinoic acid-induced differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells (Kadomatsu, K., M. Tomomura, and T. Muramatsu, 1988. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 151:1312-1318). MK gene has been predicted to code a polypeptide that is rich in basic amino acids and cysteine and is not related to any other peptides so far reported. In the present study, we investigated MK expression during mouse embryogenesis by in situ hybridization. The MK transcript was detected all over the embryo proper of the 7-d embryo, while it was not detectable in the 5-d embryo. The ubiquitous expression continued in the 9-d embryo proper. On the 11th-13th d of gestation, the sites where MK gene was intensely expressed became progressively restricted; these sites were the brain ectoderm around the lens and brain ventricles, the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, the upper and lower jaw, the caudal sclerotomic half of vertebral column, the limbs, the stomach, and the epithelial tissues of the lung, the pancreas, the small intestine, and the metanephros. These areas include the region where secondary embryonic induction is prominent. In the 15-d embryo, only the kidney expressed MK significantly. These data suggest that MK gene plays a fundamental role in the differentiation of a wide variety of cells; MK gene may also play some specific roles in generation of epithelial tissues, and remodeling of mesoderm.

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