Isolation of radial glial cells by fluorescent-activated cell sorting reveals a neuronal lineage

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (24) ◽  
pp. 5253-5263 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Malatesta ◽  
E. Hartfuss ◽  
M. Gotz
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Neuronal Precursors ◽  
Neuronal Lineage ◽  
Radial Glial ◽  
Glial Lineage

The developing central nervous system of vertebrates contains an abundant cell type designated radial glial cells. These cells are known as guiding cables for migrating neurons, while their role as precursor cells is less clear. Since radial glial cells express a variety of astroglial characteristics and differentiate as astrocytes after completing their guidance function, they have been considered as part of the glial lineage. Using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we show here that radial glial cells also are neuronal precursors and only later, after neurogenesis, do they shift towards an exclusive generation of astrocytes. These results thus demonstrate a novel function for radial glial cells, namely their ability to generate two major cell types found in the nervous system, neurons and astrocytes.

scholarly journals Radial glial cells as neuronal precursors: The next generation?

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 708-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher T. Gregg ◽  
Andrew K. Chojnacki ◽  
Samuel Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Neuronal Precursors ◽  
Radial Glial

The appearance of neural and glial cell markers during early development of the nervous system in the amphibian embryo

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Messenger ◽  
A.E. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cell ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Neurofilament Protein ◽  
Amphibian Embryo ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Radial Glial ◽  
The Brain

Cell-type-specific antibodies have been used to follow the appearance of neurones and glia in the developing nervous system of the amphibian embryo. Differentiated neurones were recognized with antibodies against neurofilament protein while glial cells were identified with antibodies against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). The appearance of neurones containing the neurotransmitters 5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine has been charted also. In Xenopus, neurofilament protein in developing neurones was observed occasionally at NF stage 21 and was present reliably in the neural tube and in caudal regions of the brain at stage 23. Antibodies to the low molecular weight fragment of the neurofilament triplet recognized early neurones most reliably. Radial glial cells, identified with GFAP antibody, were identified from stage 23 onwards in the neural tube and caudal regions of the brain. In the developing spinal cord, GFAP staining was apparent throughout the cytoplasm of each radial glial cell. In the brain, the peripheral region only of each glial cell contained GFAP. By stage 36, immunohistochemically recognizable neurones and glia were present throughout the nervous system. In the axolotl, by stage 36 the pattern of neural and glial staining was identical to that observed in Xenopus. GFAP staining of glial cells was obvious at stage 23, although neuronal staining was clearly absent. This implies that glial cells differentiate before neurones. 5-HT-containing cell bodies were first observed in caudal regions of the developing brain on either side of the midline at stage 26. An extensive network of 5-HT neurones appeared gradually, with a substantial subset crossing to the opposite side of the brain through the developing optic chiasma. 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine prevented the appearance of 5-HT. Depletion of 5-HT had little effect on development or swimming behaviour. Dopamine-containing neurones in the brain first differentiated at stage 35–36 and gradually increased in number up to stage 45–47, the latest stage examined. The functional role of 5-HT- or dopamine-containing neurones remains to be elucidated. We conclude that cell-type-specific antibodies can be used to identify neurones and glial cells at early times during neural development and may be useful tools in circumstances where functional identification is difficult.

scholarly journals Early evolution of radial glial cells in Bilateria

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1859) ◽  
pp. 20170743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Conrad Helm ◽  
Anett Karl ◽  
Patrick Beckers ◽  
Sabrina Kaul-Strehlow ◽  
Elke Ulbricht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Early Evolution ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Antibody Staining ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Radial Glial

Bilaterians usually possess a central nervous system, composed of neurons and supportive cells called glial cells. Whereas neuronal cells are highly comparable in all these animals, glial cells apparently differ, and in deuterostomes, radial glial cells are found. These particular secretory glial cells may represent the archetype of all (macro) glial cells and have not been reported from protostomes so far. This has caused controversial discussions of whether glial cells represent a homologous bilaterian characteristic or whether they (and thus, centralized nervous systems) evolved convergently in the two main clades of bilaterians. By using histology, transmission electron microscopy, immunolabelling and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we show here that protostomes also possess radial glia-like cells, which are very likely to be homologous to those of deuterostomes. Moreover, our antibody staining indicates that the secretory character of radial glial cells is maintained throughout their various evolutionary adaptations. This implies an early evolution of radial glial cells in the last common ancestor of Protostomia and Deuterostomia. Furthermore, it suggests that an intraepidermal nervous system—composed of sensory cells, neurons and radial glial cells—was probably the plesiomorphic condition in the bilaterian ancestor.

scholarly journals Gliogenic Potential of Single Pallial Radial Glial Cells in Lower Cortical Layers

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3237
Author(s):  
Ana Cristina Ojalvo-Sanz ◽  
Laura López-Mascaraque
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cell ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Cortical Layers ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial

During embryonic development, progenitor cells are progressively restricted in their potential to generate different neural cells. A specific progenitor cell type, the radial glial cells, divides symmetrically and then asymmetrically to produce neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and NG2-glia in the cerebral cortex. However, the potential of individual progenitors to form glial lineages remains poorly understood. To further investigate the cell progeny of single pallial GFAP-expressing progenitors, we used the in vivo genetic lineage-tracing method, the UbC-(GFAP-PB)-StarTrack. After targeting those progenitors in embryonic mice brains, we tracked their adult glial progeny in lower cortical layers. Clonal analyses revealed the presence of clones containing sibling cells of either a glial cell type (uniform clones) or two different glial cell types (mixed clones). Further, the clonal size and rostro-caudal cell dispersion of sibling cells differed depending on the cell type. We concluded that pallial E14 neural progenitors are a heterogeneous cell population with respect to which glial cell type they produce, as well as the clonal size of their cell progeny.

scholarly journals The Complex Simplicity of the Brittle Star Nervous System

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Zueva ◽  
Maleana Khoury ◽  
Thomas Heinzeller ◽  
Daria Mashanova ◽  
Vladimir Mashanov
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Brittle Star ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Neuronal Markers ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Radial Glial

AbstractBrittle stars (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata) have been increasingly used in studies of animal behavior, locomotion, regeneration, physiology, and bioluminescence. The success of these studies directly depends on good working knowledge of ophiuroid nervous system. Here, we describe the arm nervous system at different levels of organization: microanatomy of the radial nerve cord and peripheral nerves, neural ultrastructure, and localization of different cell types using specific antibody markers. We standardize the nomenclature of nerves and ganglia and provide an anatomically accurate digital 3D model of the arm nervous system as a reference for future studies. Our results helped identify several general features characteristic to the adult echinoderm nervous system, including the extensive anatomical interconnections between the ectoneural and hyponeural components and neuroepithelial organization of the central nervous system with its supporting scaffold formed by radial glial cells. In addition, we provide further support to the notion that the echinoderm radial glia is a complex and diverse cell population. We also tested the suitability of a range of specific cell-type markers for studies of the brittle star nervous system and established that the radial glial cells are reliably labeled by the ERG1 antibodies, whereas the best neuronal markers are acetylated tubulin, ELAV and synaptotagmin B. The transcription factor Brn1/2/4, a marker of neuronal progenitors, is expressed not only in neurons, but also in a subpopulation of radial glia. For the first time, we describe putative ophiuroid proprioceptors associated with the hyponeural part of the central nervous system.

scholarly journals EphA4 Regulates the Balance between Self-Renewal and Differentiation of Radial Glial Cells and Intermediate Neuronal Precursors in Cooperation with FGF Signaling

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0126942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingfa Chen ◽  
Daiki Arai ◽  
Kazuki Kawakami ◽  
Takahiro Sawada ◽  
Xuefeng Jing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Fgf Signaling ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Neuronal Precursors ◽  
Radial Glial

The expression pattern of a novel gene encoding brain-fatty acid binding protein correlates with neuronal and glial cell development

Development ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 120 (9) ◽  
pp. 2637-2649 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kurtz ◽  
A. Zimmer ◽  
F. Schnutgen ◽  
G. Bruning ◽  
F. Spener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Cloning And Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Proteins ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Radial Glial

Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) are a multigene family of small intracellular proteins that bind hydrophobic ligands. In this report we describe the cloning and expression pattern of a novel member of this gene family that is specifically expressed in the developing and adult nervous system and thus was designated brain (B)-FABP. B-FABP is closely related to heart (H)-FABP with 67% amino acid identity. B-FABP expression was first detected at mouse embryonic day 10 in neuroepithelial cells and its pattern correlates with early neuronal differentiation. Upon further development, B-FABP was confined to radial glial cells and immature astrocytes. B-FABP mRNA and protein were found in glial cells of the peripheral nervous system such as satellite cells of spinal and cranial ganglia and ensheathing cells of the olfactory nerve layer from as early as embryonic day 11 until adulthood. In the adult mouse brain, B-FABP was found in the glia limitans, in radial glial cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and Bergman glial cells. These findings suggest a function of B-FABP during neurogenesis or neuronal migration in the developing nervous system. The partially overlapping expression pattern with that of cellular retinoid binding proteins suggests that B-FABP is involved in the metabolism of a so far unknown hydrophobic ligand with potential morphogenic activity during CNS development.

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