Micromere lineages in the glossiphoniid leechHelobdella

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 719-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Z. Huang ◽  
Dongmin Kang ◽  
Felipe-Andres Ramirez-Weber ◽  
Shirley T. Bissen ◽  
David A. Weisblat
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Spiral Cleavage ◽  
Helobdella Robusta

In leech embryos, segmental mesoderm and ectoderm arise from teloblasts by lineages that are already relatively well characterized. Here, we present data concerning the early divisions and the definitive fate maps of the micromeres, a group of 25 small cells that arise during the modified spiral cleavage in leech (Helobdella robusta) and contribute to most of the nonsegmental tissues of the adult. Three noteworthy results of this work are as follows. (1) The c′′′ and dm′ clones (3d and 3c in traditional nomenclature) give rise to a hitherto undescribed network of fibers that run from one end of the embryo to the other. (2) The clones of micromeres b′′ and b′′′ (2b and 3b in traditional nomenclature) die in normal development; the b′′ clone can be rescued to assume the normal c′′ fate if micromere c′′ or its clone are ablated in early development. (3) Two qualitative differences in micromere fates are seen between H. robusta (Sacramento) and another Helobdella sp. (Galt). First, in Helobdella sp. (Galt), the clone of micromere b′′ does not normally die, and contributes a subset of the cells arising exclusively from c′′ in H. robusta (Sacramento). Second, in Helobdella sp. (Galt), micromere c′′′ makes no definitive contribution, whereas micromere dm′ gives rise to cells equivalent to those arising from c′′′ and dm′ in H. robusta (Sacramento).

scholarly journals Fetal erythropoiesis in steel mutant mice. III. Defect in differentiation from BFU-E to CFU-E during early development

Blood ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
DH Chui ◽  
SK Liao ◽  
K Walker
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Early Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor ◽  
Erythroid Progenitor Cells ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Fetal Erythropoiesis

Abstract Erythroid progenitor cells in +/+ and Sl/Sld fetal livers manifested as burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) and colony-forming units- erythroid (CFU-E) were assayed in vitro during early development. The proportion of BFU-E was higher as mutant than in normal fetal livers. On the other hand, the proportion of CFU-E was less in the mutant than in the normal. These results suggest that the defect in Sl/Sld fetal hepatic erythropoiesis is expressed at the steps of differentiation that effect the transition from BFU-E to CFU-E.

Case report: Hallucinations as depressive equivalents

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S154-S154
Author(s):  
E. Garcia ◽  
I. Vicente ◽  
R. Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Difficult Diagnosis ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Short Time

We comment the case of a 12 years old girl who started with visual and auditive hallucinations. Hallucinations are not a common symptom between children. They may also be linked to many conditions, some of them with poor outcome as schizophrenia. Symptoms appeared in a short time, after a previous normal development. She talked about a man who followed her and that was always behind, she also had heard some insults of undeterminated voices. These symptoms were just of one-month duration and made her feel anxious and very afraid. After a normal organical study and a first proposal of medication they asked for our consultation. We found that the patient was alone at home every afternoon. Family, from other country, hadn’t any social support, and the father had had to travel away some days before the child began to suffer hallucinations. Suspecting an affective disorder as the basis of anxious symptoms, and hallucinations as a cultural presentation of them, we started with a social intervention mixed with support therapy. After some sessions the patient could talk about her loneliness and fears, disappearing the other symptoms. We will resume this case and literature about other cultural presentations that may difficult diagnosis or treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Synaptic Actions of Oesophageal Proprioceptors in the Mollusc, Philine

1981 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
J. N. SIGGER ◽  
D. A. DORSETT
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Periodic Activity ◽  
Buccal Ganglia ◽  
Excitatory Synaptic Input ◽  
Feeding Cycle ◽  
Protraction Phase

The buccal ganglia of Philine each contain a group of mechanoreceptors, consisting of 1 large and 3 small cells, with receptive fields in the oesophagus. Synaptic contacts occur between the receptors; the large cell providing an EIPSP input to its contralateral partner and to the two groups of smaller receptors. The small receptors make weak excitatory contacts with both the large receptors. The sensory cells synapse with other buccal motoneurones and interneurones, some of which show periodic activity associated with the feeding movements. Protraction phase neurones are divisible into two groups, one of which receives EPSPs from the receptors, while the other group receives IPSPs. Retraction phase neurones receive a biphasic EIPSP. The receptors provide excitatory synaptic input to a pair of interneurones which ‘gate’ the feeding cycle. A third class of neurones which are not rhythmically active during feeding receive a predominantly inhibitory EIPSP.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in General Practice

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (S20) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Freeling
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
National Health Service ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tier System ◽  
First Contact

General practitioners (GPs) work in an environment different from that of most of their specialist colleagues. Some of these differences stem from being a doctor of first contact, some from working in one part of a multi-tier system for providing medical care, and some from the referral system which deals with the movement of patients between these tiers. Other differences stem from the GP's National Health Service contract to provide continuity of care 24 hours a day, and to make early diagnoses as well as monitoring normal development on one hand and chronic impairment, handicap, and disability on the other. The British GP works with a defined list of registered patients who can present symptoms representing disorders of a wide range of severity, originating in any bodily system. These symptoms can result from any type of pathogenic stimulus, including disordered perception: even temporary variation from the patient's usual subjective experience may arouse natural concern.

Propanidid, a useful anaesthetic for studying blood circulation in early development of fish

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1286-1289
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Veenstra ◽  
Eugene K. Balon ◽  
Christine Flegler-Balon
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Blood Circulation ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Early Ontogeny ◽  
The Other ◽  
Brook Charr ◽  
Cocaine Hydrochloride ◽  
The Times ◽  
Blood Elements

The effectiveness of propanidid was tested by comparing it with cocaine hydrochloride, urethane, and traicaine methanesulfonate, anaesthetics already established for studies of early ontogeny in fishes. Free embryos of the brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis, and 7-day-old amargosa pupfish, Cyprinodon nevadensis amargosae, were anaesthetized with dilute solutions of these drugs. The times taken until the blood elements ceased moving through the capillary loops of the developing caudal fin were compared. Propanidid was found to be superior to the other drugs tested in maintaining the longest duration of unaltered blood flow.

Numerical Simulations of Convective Cloud Merging Processes at Different Development Stages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhai ◽  
Yong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Convective Cloud ◽  
Cloud Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Horizontal Scale ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Radar Echo ◽  
Simulation Results

<p>Mergers of cells in a severe convective weather on 22 July 2008 are simulated and analyzed by Mesoscale Model 5 (referred to as MM5）and radar network data. Observation results show that, the horizontal scale of the echo above 30 dBZ, which represent the small cells, is about 10 km, and the small cells that the echo centers are 20km apart merge into a larger cell at dozens of km of horizontal scale.. Mergers begin from the peripheral radar echo, and then strong central radar echo merges at the low level, at last, the acreage of strong radar echo increases after the merger. The contrast between the observations and the simulation results shows that they are consistent. Analysis on the simulation results of two kinds of cell mergers at different development stages based on the third network model output shows that, while the cell pairs are with almost the same intensity, cells would develop after merger; while one of the cell pairs is in stronger development however the other one weaker, the stronger cell would keep on development and the weaker cell would die out. During the merger, a new cloud water center appears in the low convergence region between the cell pairs, and would replace the two cloud water centers of the former cells, or the new cloud water center would merger with one of the old cloud water centers while the other old cloud water center disappears. The analysis of the simulation results also shows that, the cell merger would lead to the cloud top lifting and the increase in the radar echo, content of cloud water and ice, surface rainfall.</p>

Readability, Interest, and Coverage of 28 Textbooks on Education of Children with Behavioral Disorders

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleborne D. Maddux ◽  
Ann Candler
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Disturbance ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Behavioral Theory ◽  
The Other ◽  
College Level ◽  
Reading Levels ◽  
Standard Grade ◽  
Grade 8

Analyzed with the Flesch formula for reading ease and interest were 28 textbooks on the education of children with behavioral disorders and/or emotional disturbance. Reading levels were surprisingly low with one book in the “standard, grade 8 to 9” category, 8 in the “fairly difficult, grade 10 to 12” category, and the other 19 in the “difficult, college level” category; 11 of the books were classifed as “dull”, 15 as “mildly interesting”, one as “interesting”, and one as “highly interesting”. Textbook coverage on 25 topics was also analyzed and charted. Great disparity was found in the topics treated by the various authors. Near-unanimous coverage of the topic of behavioral theory was found, while coverage was sparse on the topics of normal development, counter theory, and motivation. Some of the textbooks were found to have inadequate subject and author indices and only 7 of the books contain a glossary.

scholarly journals Demonstration of chromatinic structures in avian tubercle bacilli in the early stages of development

1947 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Brieger ◽  
C. F. Robinow
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Early Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feulgen Reaction ◽  
Cytological Investigation ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Masses

In a cytological investigation of three branching and two non-branching strains grown on Loewenstein medium, it was found that avian tubercle bacilli contain chromatinic material which gives a positive Feulgen reaction and is readily stainable with Giemsa's solution after treatment of the fixed bacteria with hydrochloric acid.Growing filamentous forms of both ‘bacterial’ and ‘mycelial’ strains from 1 to 2 day old cultures contain variable numbers of irregularly spaced, more or less spherical chromatinic bodies which vary in staining in the same bacillus, some being red, others purple. During the third or fourth day the chromatinic material in the bacteria increases very much until most of it is fused into an almost homogeneous deeply stained column. In thenon-branchingstrains the filamentous forms with high chromatin content soon break up into small mono-or binucleate elements, and the same holds true for the ‘straight’ filamentous forms which are also present in cultures of branching strains. The ‘mycelial’ forms, on the other hand, disintegrate at this time (fourth or fifth day of cultivation), and it is uncertain whether they contribute (by partial fragmentation) to the masses of small mono- or binucleate forms which are the predominant element in old cultures of all the strains investigated.The chromatinic structures of avian tubercle bacilli have the same staining properties as those of ordinary non-acid-fast bacteria but differ from them in their behaviour during the early development of the bacilli.

scholarly journals Loss of Innocence: Albert Moll, Sigmund Freud and the Invention of Childhood Sexuality Around 1900

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz D.H. Sauerteig
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sigmund Freud ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sexual Experiences ◽  
Childhood Sexuality ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
The One

AbstractThis paper analyses how, prior to the work of Sigmund Freud, an understanding of infant and childhood sexuality emerged during the nineteenth century. Key contributors to the debate were Albert Moll, Max Dessoir and others, as fin-de-siècle artists and writers celebrated a sexualised image of the child. By the beginning of the twentieth century, most paediatricians, sexologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, psychoanalysts and pedagogues agreed that sexuality formed part of a child’s ‘normal’ development. This paper argues that the main disagreements in discourses about childhood sexuality related to different interpretations of children’s sexual experiences. On the one hand stood an explanation that argued for a homology between children’s and adults’ sexual experiences, on the other hand was an understanding that suggested that adults and children had distinct and different experiences. Whereas the homological interpretation was favoured by the majority of commentators, including Moll, Freud, and to some extent also by C.G. Jung, the heterological interpretation was supported by a minority, including childhood psychologist Charlotte Bühler.

Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a new marine planktonic diatom (Entomoneidaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAJA MEJDANDŽIĆ ◽  
SUNČICA BOSAK ◽  
SANDI ORLIĆ ◽  
MARIJA GLIGORA UDOVIČ ◽  
PETRA PEHAREC ŠTEFANIĆ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Clear Separation ◽  
Planktonic Diatom ◽  
Taxonomic Affiliation ◽  
Apical Axis

The genus Entomoneis Ehrenberg includes diatoms with structurally complex frustules having a bilobate keel elevated above the valve surface and numerous girdle bands. We describe here a new member of the genus, Entomoneis tenera sp. nov., a minute species found in the plankton of the south-eastern Adriatic Sea. The description and proposed taxonomic affiliation are based on both morphological observations and molecular analyses obtained from three cultivated strains. The cultures were established from plankton net samples taken during BIOTA (Bio-tracing Adriatic Water Masses) cruise conducted in February–March 2015. In addition to characteristic Entomoneis features such as panduriform cells, often twisted around the apical axis and a raphe with simple endings positioned on the sigmoid keel, morphological characteristics of E. tenera are: (1) very small cells, 16–21 μm long and 5–20 μm wide (2) very lightly silicified, delicate frustules without valve striation discernible in light microscopy, (3) broad lanceolate valves with scalpeliform apices (4) a straight to slightly arcuate junction line. Phylogenetic analyses using SSU, rbcL and psbC supported the position of E. tenera within the Entomoneis genus with a clear separation from the other described species.

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