Studies of the Histology of the Mid-gut of the Chelonethi or Pseudoscorpiones

1952 ◽  
Vol s3-93 (21) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
OWEN GILBERT
Keyword(s):  
Unknown Function ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Fatty Material ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Digestive Cells ◽  
Peritoneal Cells ◽  
Intracellular Digestion ◽  
Structure And Functions

1. The histology of the mid-gut of Dactylochelifer latreilli (Leach) is described. The mid-gut is divided into two regions: an anterior diverticular region consisting of digestive cells, excretory cells, and small basal cells of unknown function, and a narrow, posterior post-diverticular region possessing a syncytial epithelium. The whole mid-gut is invested in a layer of peritoneal cells. 2. The changes in the staining reaction of protein globules undergoing intracellular digestion are followed. 3. The development of excretory cells is described. The function of the postdiverticular mid-gut in the excretory process is outlined. 4. Storage of fatty material and glycogen occurs in the digestive cells and in the peritoneal epithelium. 5. The structure and functions of the false scorpion mid-gut are compared with those of other Arachnids.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of respiratory and digestive organs of Roman snail (Helix pomatia L., 1758)

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (97) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
M. P. Horvat ◽  
R. S. Dankovych
Keyword(s):  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
The Body ◽  
Digestive Cells ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Excretory Function ◽  
Intracellular Digestion ◽  
Snail Helix Pomatia ◽  
Calcium Cells

The aim of this work was to study the structure of lung and hepatopancreas of Roman snail (Helix of pomatia of L., 1758). The study found that the lung occupies the lower turn of shell and presented by a saccate cavity, in the wall of that there are a kidney and heart with a pericardium, and also a rectum and ureter pass. An external surface of lungs covered by a shell and covered by an epidermis. An internal surface is covered by a flat ciliated epithelium and forms numerous folds in which pulmonary vessels and lacunae are accommodated. The branches of pulmonary vein have a thick muscular wall, that consists of circular and longitudinal muscular layers. An internal surface of lungs covered by the layer of mucus. Inhalation and exhalation are carried out due to reduction and relaxation of muscles of dorsal wall of the body that is named a “diaphragm”. Gas exchange occurs through the hemolymphatic capillaries of the lung wall. Respiratory motions take place not rhythmically, but through the different intervals of time depending on a requirement in oxygen. The frequency of pneumostome closing and opening is typically one time in a minute. At subzero humidity of atmospheric air of pneumostome closed by a mantle, and also one (or a few) epiphragms. The hepatopancreas (“liver” or liver gland) is in the upper rotation of the sink and formed by two parts: right and left, from which two liver ducts enter into the stomach respectively. The liver gland consists of many acinuss, surrounded by connecting tissue, that contains small number of muscular fibres. Calcium cells have a pyramidal form and usually do not reach the lumen of the acinus. Cytoplasm of calcium cells contains inclusions: grains of phosphoricacid lime and drops of fat. The digestive cells of the hepatopencreas are more elongated, often clavicular. Сytoplasm of digestive cells is loose and vacuolated and contain inclusions of yellow-green color. Enzyme cells on histopreparations are difficult to distinguish from digestive ones. They contain transparent vacuoles with a large round inclusion of yellow-green color, which consists of a cluster of several grains of different sizes. Hepatopancreas performs the following functions: secretory (enzyme cells), absorption and intracellular digestion (digestive cells), preservation of nutrients and calcium (calcium cells), and also excretory function.

The fine structure of the digestive tubules of the marine bivalve Cardium edule

1970 ◽  
Vol 258 (822) ◽  
pp. 245-260 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Digestive Cells ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Intracellular Digestion ◽  
Pinocytic Vesicles

The epithelium lining the digestive tubules of Cardium edule consists of three cell types, namely mature digestive cells, mature secretory cells and immature flagellated cells. Both the secretory and flagellated cells exhibit a pronounced basiphilia and occur in well-defined crypts. The secretory cells are pyramidal in shape and characterized by the possession of a well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Golgi vesicles derived from the latter migiate to the apical region of the cell where they release their contents into the lumen of the tubules. It is possible that the secretion contains enzymes and although it is likely that such enzymes would function primarily in the lumen of the tubules they may also be the source of the weak proteolytic activity which has been recorded in the gastric fluid of many bivalves. The immature flagellated cells are columnar in shape and possess a poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum and numerous free ribosomes. Although no evidence for this was obtained it is suggested that they may serve to replace either or both of the mature cell types. The digestive cells vary from cuboidal to columnar, possess distinctive Golgi elements with characteristic intracisternal membranous elements, and are capable of ingesting exogenous material from the lumen of the tubule. The process of ingestion was examined following feeding experiments with [a) a mixture of iron oxide and colloidal graphite (Aquadag), (b) whole blood from pigeon and (c) ferritin. Individual particles of graphite were enclosed in phagosomes by a process of phagocytosis, while the proteins haemoglobin and ferritin were ingested by a process of pinocytosis; the membrane enclosing the pinocytic vesicles possesses a characteristic outer granular coat. The contents of both the phagocytic and pinocytic vesicles were transferred to larger bodies considered to be primarily phagosomes in the sub-apical regions of the cell. These possess an interconnecting system of membrane-bound channels which ramifies through the apical cytoplasm. Phagolysosomes deeper in the cytoplasm of the cell were identified by the presence of exogenous material and a positive reaction to tests for acid phosphatase activity. They showed changes in appearance which could be put into a series suggestive of the progressive intracellular digestion of the ingested material.

scholarly journals IFAP 300 is common to desmosomes and hemidesmosomes and is a possible linker of intermediate filaments to these junctions.

1994 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Skalli ◽  
J C Jones ◽  
R Gagescu ◽  
R D Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intermediate Filaments ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Peripheral Region ◽  
Immunogold Electron Microscopy ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Mouse Keratinocytes

The distribution of IFAP 300, a protein previously characterized as cross-linking vimentin intermediate filaments (IF), has been investigated in epithelial cells. In frozen sections of bovine tongue epithelium the staining obtained with IFAP 300 antibodies is concentrated in the peripheral cytoplasm of keratinocytes, including the entire peripheral region of basal cells. Further immunofluorescence studies reveal that in primary cultures of mouse keratinocytes the distribution of IFAP 300 is similar to that of the desmosomal protein desmoplakin. In rat bladder carcinoma 804G cells the staining pattern of IFAP 300 antibodies coincides with that obtained with antibodies against the hemidesmosomal protein BP 230. By immunogold electron microscopy IFAP 300 is mainly located at sites where IF appear to attach to desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. Morphometric analyses of the distribution of the gold particles show that IFAP 300 overlaps with desmoplakin and BP 230, but also that it extends deeper into the cytoplasm than these latter two proteins. The staining reaction seen in epithelial cells by immunofluorescence and immunogold is specific for IFAP 300 as shown by immunoblotting. Immunoblotting also reveals that IFAP 300 is present in both cell-free preparations of desmosomes and hemidesmosomes. These morphological and biochemical results are intriguing since, in recent years, the proteins appearing in these two types of junctions have been found to be different. One possible exception is plectin, a protein that has been suggested to be very similar to IFAP 300. However, we show here that IFAP 300 differs from plectin in several respects, including differences at the primary sequence level. We also show that purified IFAP 300 pellets with in vitro polymerized IF prepared from desmosome-associated keratins under conditions in which IFAP 300 alone is not sedimentable. This indicates that IFAP 300 can associate with keratin IF. These data, taken together with the immunogold results, suggest that IFAP 300 functions in epithelial cells as a linker protein connecting IF to desmosomes as well as to hemidesmosomes, possibly through structurally related proteins such as desmoplakin and BP 230, respectively.

Localisation cytologique du cuivre et de quelques autres métaux dans la glande digestive de la seiche, Sepia officinalis L (Mollusque Céphalopode)

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheline Martoja ◽  
Christiane Marcaillou
Keyword(s):  
Food Chain ◽  
Metal Binding ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Ecological Effects ◽  
Sepia Officinalis ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Digestive Cells ◽  
Fe Storage ◽  
Important Site

The cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis L., liver was investigated by histochemical and microanalytical methods. The greater part of the accumulated Cu is concentrated in spherulae which are elaborated by the basal cells. Cu is associated with both Ag and Zn. Fe is also found but the digestive cells are the most important site of Fe storage. Our data show that the spherulae are made of metallothionein-like proteins. The occurrence of these metal-binding proteins has ecological effects. The metals are easily assimilable and can be transferred to higher levels of the food chain.

Synchrony in the digestive diverticula of Mytilus edulis L.

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Langton
Keyword(s):  
Mytilus Edulis ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Digestive Cells ◽  
Intracellular Digestion ◽  
And Function

The organization, cellular composition and function of the digestive diverticula has been described for a large number of molluscs (Nakazima, 1956; Owen, 1966; Purchon, 1968). Changes in the digestive cells which are associated with intracellular digestion have also been widely recognized (Graham, 1938; Carriker, 1946; J. E. Morton, 1955, 1956, 1959; Owen, 1955, 1966, 1970, 1972; Sumner, 1965, 1966a, b, 1969; Morse, 1968; McQuiston, 1969; Walker, 1970; Merdsey & Farley, 1973). In general the digestive cells show three cyclic phases, (1) absorption, (2) digestion, (3) fragmentation and excretion, and these phases, with only minor modifications, are typical of most molluscs (Owen, 1966). In many groups, especially gastropods, the changes in the digestive cells within the tubules of the digestive diverticula often appear to be synchronized and consequently the tubules have a uniform appearance throughout the diverticula. In the Bivalvia, however, this type of synchrony has not generally been recognized. Since bivalves have been considered to feed more or less continuously (Purchon, 1971; Winter, 1973) it is not surprising that a homogenous appearance was only exceptionally observed, e.g. J. E. Morton (1956), J. E. Morton, Boney & Corner (1957).

Ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium in three species of Macrobiotidae (Tardigrada: Eutardigrada: Parachela)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Rost-Roszkowska ◽  
K Janelt ◽  
I Poprawa
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Midgut Epithelium ◽  
Middle Region ◽  
Reserve Material ◽  
Digestive Cells ◽  
Intracellular Digestion ◽  
Carnivorous Species ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anterior Ring

Abstract Three species of Macrobiotidae, Macrobiotus polonicus, Macrobiotus diversus and Macrobiotus pallarii, were selected for analysis of the fine structure of the midgut epithelium. They are gonochoric and carnivorous species that live in wet terrestrial and freshwater environments. The ultrastructure of the midgut epithelium of the investigated Macrobiotidae species was analysed in both males and females. Their digestive system is composed of fore- and hindguts that are covered by a cuticle, and the middle region, termed the midgut. It is lined with a simple epithelium that is formed by digestive cells that have a distinct brush border. Crescent-shaped cells that form an anterior ring in the border between the fore- and midgut were detected. The ultrastructure of the intestinal epithelium of the examined species differs slightly depending on sex. The digestive cells of the posterior segment of the intestine contain numerous lipid droplets, which are the reserve material. We concluded that the digestive cells of the Macrobiotidae midgut are responsible for its intracellular digestion owing to endocytosis. They also participate in the extracellular digestion owing to merocrine secretion (exocytosis). However, the midgut is not the main organ that accumulates reserve material. Additionally, the midgut epithelium does not participate in oogenesis.

Silver Staining of Pancreatic Islets as Revealed by Electron Microscopy

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Misugi ◽  
Nobuko Misugi ◽  
Hiroshi Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islet ◽  
Silver Staining ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopic Level ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Pancreatic Islet Cell ◽  
D Cell

The authors had described the fine structure of a type of pancreatic islet cell, which appeared different from typical alpha and beta cells, and tentatively considered that this third type of granular cell probably represents the D cell (Figure 1).Since silver staining has been widely used to differentiate different types of pancreatic islet cells by light microscopy, an attempt to examine this staining reaction at the electron microscopic level was made.Material and Method: Surgically removed specimens from three infants who suffered from severe hypoglycemia were used. The specimens were fixed and preserved in 20% neutral formalin. Frozen sections, 30 to 40 micron thick, were prepared and they were stained by Bielschowsky's method as modified by Suzuki (2). The stained sections were examined under a microscope and islet tissues were isolated. They were fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in phosphate buffer for one hour and embedded in Epon 812 following dehydration through a series of alcohols and propylene oxide.

Localization of Gallium-67 in Peritoneal Cells by Electron Microscopic Autoradiography

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 404-405
Author(s):  
D. C. Swartzendruber ◽  
Norma L. Idoyaga-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Clinical Usefulness ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Electron Microscopic Autoradiography ◽  
Peritoneal Cells ◽  
Gallium 67

The radionuclide gallium-67 (67Ga) localizes preferentially but not specifically in many human and experimental soft-tissue tumors. Because of this localization, 67Ga is used in clinical trials to detect humar. cancers by external scintiscanning methods. However, the fact that 67Ga does not localize specifically in tumors requires for its eventual clinical usefulness a fuller understanding of the mechanisms that control its deposition in both malignant and normal cells. We have previously reported that 67Ga localizes in lysosomal-like bodies, notably, although not exclusively, in macrophages of the spocytaneous AKR thymoma. Further studies on the uptake of 67Ga by macrophages are needed to determine whether there are factors related to malignancy that might alter the localization of 67Ga in these cells and thus provide clues to discovering the mechanism of 67Ga localization in tumor tissue.

The structure of the gills of the axolotl, Ambystoma mexicanum

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 824-825
Author(s):  
Mohinder S. Jarial
Keyword(s):  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Ambystoma Mexicanum ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Granular Cells ◽  
Gill Filaments ◽  
Mitotic Figures ◽  
Apical Membranes

The axolotl is a strictly aquatic salamander in which the larval external gills are retained throughout life. The external gills of the adult axolotl have been studied by light and electron microscopy for ultrastructural evidence of ionic transport. The thin epidermis of the gill filaments and gill stems is composed of 3 cell types: granular cells, the basal cells and a sparce population of intervening Leydig cells. The gill epidermis is devoid of muscles, and no mitotic figures were observed in any of its cells.The granular cells cover the gill surface as a continuous layer (Fig. 1, G) and contain secretory granules of different forms, located apically (Figs.1, 2, SG). Some granules are found intimately associated with the apical membrane while others fuse with it and release their contents onto the external surface (Fig. 3). The apical membranes of the granular cells exhibit microvilli which are covered by a PAS+ fuzzy coat, termed “glycocalyx” (Fig. 2, MV).

Neutrophil pseudoplatelets in subgingival plaque and crevicular fluid samples from periodontal diseased sites

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 862-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Hanker ◽  
E.J. Burkes ◽  
G. Greco ◽  
R. Scruggs ◽  
B. Giammara
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Staining Reaction ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

The mature neutrophil with a segmented nucleus (usually having 3 or 4 lobes) is generally considered to be the end-stage cell of the neutrophil series. It is usually found as such in the bone marrow and peripheral blood where it normally is the most abundant leukocyte. Neutrophils, however, must frequently leave the peripheral blood and migrate into areas of infection to combat microorganisms. It is in such areas that neutrophils were first observed to fragment to form platelet-size particles some of which have a nuclear lobe. These neutrophil pseudoplatelets (NPP) can readily be distinguished from true platelets because they stain for neutrophil myeloperoxidase. True platelets are not positive in this staining reaction because their peroxidase Is inhibited by glutaraldehyde. Neutrophil pseudoplatelets, as well as neutrophils budding to form NPP, could frequently be observed in peripheral blood or bone marrow samples of leukemia patients. They are much more prominent, however, in smears of inflammatory exudates that contain gram-negative bacteria and in gingival crevicular fluid samples from periodontal disease sites. In some of these samples macrophages ingesting, or which contained, pseudoplatelets could be observed. The myeloperoxidase in the ingested pseudoplatelets was frequently active. Despite these earlier observations we did not expect to find many NPP in subgingival plaque smears from diseased sites. They were first seen by light microscopy (Figs. 1, 3-5) in smears on coverslips stained with the PATS reaction, a variation of the PAS reaction which deposits silver for light and electron microscopy. After drying replicate PATS-stained coverslips with hexamethyldisilazane, they were sputter coated with gold and then examined by the SEI and BEI modes of scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 2). Unstained replicate coverslips were fixed, and stained for the demonstration of myeloperoxidase in budding neutrophils and NPP. Neutrophils, activated macrophages and spirochetes as well as other gram-negative bacteria were also prominent in the PATS stained samples. In replicate subgingival plaque smears stained with our procedure for granulocyte peroxidases only neutrophils, budding neutrophils or NPP were readily observed (Fig. 6).

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