A Morphological and Histochemical Study of the Oocytes of the Fish, Ophiocephalus punctatus, with particular Reference to Lipids

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (46) ◽  
pp. 149-158
Author(s):  
H. C. CHOPRA
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Lipid Bodies ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Fat Globules ◽  
First Category ◽  
Lipid Granules ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Fish Oocytes

The cytoplasmic inclusions of the growing oocytes of the fish, Ophiocephalus punctatus, have been studied both morphologically and histochemically. It has been observed that the non-yolky oocytes of early stages consist of granules of two types, namely the mitochondria and the lipid granules of first category (L1). The mitochondria are smaller granules, and they are found to be protein in nature with traces of lipids. The bigger granules (L1) consist of phospholipids only; they correspond to the so-called ‘Golgi bodies’ of earlier workers on fish oocytes. The yolk found in the late oocytes is of two types. The first type of yolk globules, which appear with the approach of the breeding season, consist of lipids only, and have been described as lipid bodies of the second category (L2). At first they are spheres consisting of phospholipids and triglycerides, but in the mature eggs they are transformed into big fat globules containing triglycerides only. The second type of yolk, which appears later, is in the form of spheres, rich in proteins and lipoproteins. Lastly there is ‘vacuolar yolk’, rich in carbohydrates and proteins; this develops in vacuoles.

Histochemical and Morphological Studies of Lipids in the Oogenesis of Pheretima posthuma

1958 ◽  
Vol s3-99 (48) ◽  
pp. 475-484
Author(s):  
VISHWA NATH ◽  
BRIJ L. GUPTA ◽  
S. L. MANOCHA
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Lipid Bodies ◽  
Interference Microscope ◽  
Phase Contrast Microscope ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Contrast Microscope ◽  
Second Category

A study of the oocytes of the earthworm, Pheretima posthuma, examined fresh under the phase-contrast and interference microscopes as well as by histochemical techniques, has revealed that there are two types of lipid bodies in the cytoplasm. The lipid bodies of the first type (L1) are smaller, appear as homogeneous, dark granules under the phase-contrast microscope, and have a protein-phospholipid core surrounded by a thick sheath of phospholipids only. The lipid bodies of the second category (L2), which arise as a result of growth and chemical change in L1 bodies, have a pure phospholipid core surrounded by a thick triglyceride sheath. They give a ringed appearance under the phase-contrast microscope. The study under the interference microscope shows that this ringed appearance is an optical artifact. The lipid spheres present in the follicular epithelium contain phospholipids only. The mitochondria are in the form of minute granules. They remain unchanged throughout oogenesis. Some vacuoles devoid of any lipids, proteins, or carbohydrates have been observed. They also remain unchanged. Pure triglyceride spheres, yolk globules, nucleolar extrusions, as well as cholesterols and cholesteryl esters are absent.

The Cytology and Histochemistry of the Neurones of Periplaneta americana

1961 ◽  
Vol s3-102 (59) ◽  
pp. 399-405
Author(s):  
DOREEN E. ASHHURST
Keyword(s):  
Light Microscope ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Golgi Bodies

The only cytoplasmic inclusions visible in the neurones by the light microscope are the lipochondria and mitochondria. It is suggested that the Golgi bodies, seen in preparations made by the Golgi techniques, are produced by the deposition of osmium or silver on the surface of the lipochondria. The lipochondria consist of phospholipids and cerebrosides. There is also some lipid in the cytoplasm, together with carbohydrates, proteins, and RNA.

scholarly journals Sonic Logging Vs PIT untuk Mendeteksi Integritas Pondasi Tiang

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1031
Author(s):  
Gouw Tjie Liong
Keyword(s):  
Basic Theory ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Pile Capacity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Integrity Testing ◽  
First Category ◽  
Sonic Logging ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Pile Integrity

Non destructive testing on piles can be divided into two main categories. The first category is to find out the integrity of the piles, such as pile integrity testing (PIT) and sonic logging. The second category is to find out the pile capacity, such as dynamic load testing/pile driving analysis. Since the early 1990s, the application of the tests was brought into practice and gained its popularity in Indonesia. However, the basic theory behind the testing has not been widely disseminated. This study tries to elaborate the first category of the testing, i.e. the pile integrity testing and sonic logging. The basic theory, the advantages and disadvantages, the application, the limitation and the interpretation of those techniques shall be discussed. Comparison on case studies of those testing methods also shall be given. 

scholarly journals Excellent Teachers’ Strategies in Managing Students’ Misbehaviour in the Classroom

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Rosilawati Sueb ◽  
Hamimah Hashim ◽  
Khadijah Said Hashim ◽  
Munirah Mohd Izam
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Classroom Management ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Teaching Experiences ◽  
Classroom Activities ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Category ◽  
Excellent Teachers ◽  
Student Misbehavior ◽  
Second Category

The study explores Excellent Teachers’ strategies in managing students’ misbehavior in the classroom. Students’ misbehavior are escalating and getting more variant and serious. The need to investigate how teachers manage the students’ behavior in the classroom is deemed important.  In this study the participants are Excellent Teachers or “Guru Cemerlang”  who earned their title as “Guru Cemerlang”, based on promotional basis, due to their expertise in their teaching areas, exhibition of exceptional qualities in their personality and leadership and accumulation of vast teaching experiences. This is a qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews and email interviews as its data collection method.  The interviews were conducted on nine (9) Malay Muslim Excellent Teachers; seven (7) females and two (2) males from nine different schools of nine different school districts in Selangor. Their age ranges from thirty seven (37) to fifty three (53) years with teaching experiences ranging from ten (10) to thirty one (31) years. The strategies that Excellent Teachers utilize could be categorized into  three higher categories: the first category pertaining to the preparation and activities that excellent teachers carried out in the classroom, the second category is interaction, which is the communication and reaction of excellent teachers towards student misbehavior and the third category is the presentation of treatment pertaining to pleasant or unpleasant consequences. In this article only discussion on the first category of the strategy which pertain to preparation and activities that excellent teachers carried out in the classroom will be highlighted. The sub- strategies are recognized as early year preparation, conducive learning environment, and classroom activities. Keywords: classroom discipline, classroom management, classroom strategies, excellent teacher.

scholarly journals The Cytoplasmic Inclusions of a Mammalian Sympathetic Neurone: A Histochemical Study

1955 ◽  
Vol s3-96 (33) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
W. G. BRUCE CASSELMAN ◽  
JOHN R. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Histochemical Methods ◽  
Histochemical Tests

1. The neurones studied were those of the anterior mesenteric and coeliac ganglia of immature rabbits. 2. Ectoplasm and endoplasm can be distinguished in these cells. 3. Two kinds of cytoplasmic inclusions occur. These are (a) spherical or spheroid lipid globules or lipochondria, which are confined to the endoplasm; and (b) very minute threads and granules, regarded as mitochondria. 4. A wide variety of histochemical tests was used. The results indicate that the lipochondria consist of galactolipid (cerebrosid) and phospholipid, though the smallest ones may perhaps consist of galactolipid only. 5. The objects regarded as mitochondria are too small for accurate investigation by in situ histochemical methods, but they give positive reactions for phospholipid and protein.

Memoirs: A Study of the Cytoplasmic Inclusions and Nucleolar Phenomena during the Oogenesis of the Mouse

1933 ◽  
Vol s2-75 (300) ◽  
pp. 697-721
Author(s):  
R.A. R. GRESSON
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Follicle Cell ◽  
Nuclear Body ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Golgi Bodies ◽  
Nucleolar Material

1. The Golgi apparatus of the germinal epithelium consists of a dark mass of material situated at one pole of the nucleus. The mitochondria occur scattered throughout the cytoplasm. 2. The Golgi material of the very early oocyte consists of rods and granules clumped together to form a large body at one pole of the nucleus; smaller masses of Golgi material may also be present. 3. In the young oocyte, surrounded by a follicle wall, a single juxta-nuclear body is present; at a later stage the individual Golgi elements break away from the juxta-nuclear body and become distributed throughout the ooplasm. 4. In the late oocytes the Golgi elements occur in close association with the mitochondrial clumps and also scattered through the ooplasm. In tubal eggs the Golgi bodies are smaller in size and more numerous than in the ovarian ova. 5. It is concluded that the large mitochondria of Lams and Doorme correspond to the oocyte Golgi elements of the present contribution. The behaviour of the Golgi material during the growth of the ovum resembles that of the eggs of other mammals. The present findings on the structure of the juxta-nuclear Golgi material agrees with Nihoul's account for the rabbit. 6. The mitochondria of the young oocytes occur scattered through the ooplasm, but are more numerous in the vicinity of the nucleus and Golgi material. Later, the majority of the mitochondria become collected into clumps; in the tubal eggs the mitochondrial clumps are more numerous. 7. The Golgi apparatus of young follicles is situated between the follicle-cell nucleus and the pole of the cell directed towards the oocyte; in follicles consisting of several layers the position of the Golgi apparatus varies, while in fully-formed follicles the Golgi material of many of the cells surrounding the follicular cavity are directed towards the cavity. This agrees with Henneguy's findings for the Golgi apparatus of the follicle-cells of the guinea-pig. The mitochondria of the follicle-cells occur scattered through the cytoplasm but are more numerous towards the pole of the cell adjoining the oocyte. 8. The number of nucleoli present in the early oocyte varies from one to five; the majority of the older oocytes contain a single nucleolus but two may be present. Extrusion into the ooplasm of nucleolar material takes place; the nucleoli and the nucleolar extrusions are basophil (Mann's methyl-blue eosin). 9. Fatty yolk is not present in the mouse ovum. It is suggested that the Golgi elements and mitochondria play some part in yolk-formation, and that some of the granules formed by the fragmentation of the nucleolar extrusions are added to the yolkglobules already present. The yolk-globules of unsegmented tubal eggs are situated towards one pole of the cell; at the twocell stage they appear to be evenly distributed between the two cells. 10. In degenerating eggs the mitochondria are clumped; the Golgi bodies occur in small groups or are closely applied to the mitochondrial clumps. In eggs which have undergone fragmentation the Golgi bodies occur in groups, while the majority of the mitochondria are clumped. The fat-globules, previously recorded by Kingery in degenerating eggs, were identified. In material treated by Ciaccio's method for the identification of fats, appearances suggest that the Golgi elements, and possibly the mitochondria, give rise to fat. Yolk-globules could not be distinguished in the late stages of these eggs.

Nonvascular Interventions: The Gastrointestinal System

2018 ◽  
pp. 512-522
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Ward ◽  
David G. Mobley ◽  
Joshua Weintraub
Keyword(s):  
Large Bowel ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Hollow Viscus ◽  
Nonvascular Interventions ◽  
Interventional Radiologist ◽  
Adequate Nutrition ◽  
First Category ◽  
System P ◽  
Enteral Access ◽  
Second Category

The interventional radiologist has a diverse and expanding role to play in the management and treatment of patients with disorders of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. These patients generally fall into one of two broad categories. The first category includes patients who are unable to tolerate or achieve adequate nutrition by mouth. In these patients, the interventional radiologist may be consulted to obtain percutaneous enteral access so that nutrition or hydration may be administered. The second category includes patients with benign or malignant strictures or obstruction of a hollow viscus, be it the esophagus, stomach, or small or large bowel. In these patients, the goal is to treat the obstruction when possible, or else decompress proximal to the obstruction for palliation of symptoms.

scholarly journals Substantiation of the parameters of a typical seed-growing farms of the republic of kazakhstan on the basis of digitalization of seed production

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. 00064
Author(s):  
A.S Alchimbayeva ◽  
Lyudmila Shibryaeva ◽  
Zharylkasyn Sadykov ◽  
Mikhail Chaplygin ◽  
Rizvankoul Kaimova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Average Area ◽  
First Category ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Total Seed ◽  
Second Category ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
Research Institute

In general, the state of seed production in Kazakhstan can be characterized by the following figures. According to Kostanay branch of Kazakh research Institute of mechanization and electrification of agriculture total requirement of seeds is around 2 million tons. These farms provide 70% of the Republic'sfarms with seeds, the remaining 30% are imported from Russia. The studies have shown that all grain-producing regions of Kazakhstan can be classified into three categories according to the annual gross grain harvest, respectively, 16; 15; 3.26 and 2.9 million tons. It is advisable that typical seed farms have the following characteristics: in the first category of regions — the average area of one farm — 2.8 thousand hectares, the average annual grain harvest — 8.06 thousand tons, agro term — 10 days, the required total seed collection -1.78 million tons for all seed farms in the amount of 220 units. Accordingly, in the second category of regions — 1100 hectares; 2.82 thousand tons; 9.5 days 360 thousand tons and 128 units. In a third category — 322 hectares of 1.02 million tons, or 9.1 days, 320 thousand tons and 312 units. Total number of typical specialized farms should be approximately 660 units.

Buckling Analysis of Tubular Strings in Horizontal Wells

SPE Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 405-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Huang ◽  
Deli Gao ◽  
Fengwu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Axial Force ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Virtual Work ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
New Model ◽  
First Category ◽  
Second Category

Summary A new buckling equation in horizontal wells is derived on the basis of the general bending and twisting theory of rods. The boundary conditions of a long tubular string are divided into two categories: the sum of the virtual work of bending moment and shear force at the ends of tubular strings is equal to zero, and the sum of the virtual work of bending moment and shear force at the ends is not equal to zero. Buckling solutions under different boundary conditions are obtained by solving the new buckling model. For the boundary conditions of the first category, the buckling solutions are identical with previous results. For the boundary conditions of the second category, the buckling solutions are different from the results under the boundary conditions of the first category. The results indicate that buckling behaviors depend on both the axial force and the boundary conditions. Compared with previous results, buckling solutions of the new model provide a more comprehensive description of tubular-buckling behaviors.

Evidence-Based I–O Psychology: Not There Yet but Now a Little Nearer?

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob B. Briner ◽  
Denise M. Rousseau
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
First Category ◽  
Second Category

Our focal article sought to promote discussion of evidence-based approaches to practice in industrial–organizational (I–O) psychology. It did so by describing the meanings and origins of evidence-based practice, evaluating the extent to which I–O psychology practice is currently evidence-based, and considering the role of systematic reviews in promoting evidence-based practice. The commentaries on our focal article raised many interesting and important points. In our response, we divide them into two broad categories. The first category consists of comments and objections that arise from what we believe to be misinterpretations of evidence-based practice and our focal article. The second category contains those comments that in various ways extend and elaborate the issues raised in our focal article. Although we are not there yet, we hope that these commentaries will take us a little nearer to an evidence-based approach to I–O psychology.

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