Effects of photoperiod history on body mass and energy metabolism in Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)

Mass-specific rates of aerobic metabolism VO2/Mb) scale in inverse proportion to body mass (Mb). Thus, small hummingbirds display the highest VO2/Mb known among vertebrates. Among all animals, higher VO2/Mb values are known only in flying insects. The high body-mass-specific rates of metabolism seen in hummingbirds are made possible by high lung O2 diffusing capacities, cardiac outputs, ratios of capillary surface area to muscle fiber surface area, mitochondrial volume densities, cristae surface densities and concentrations of enzymes involved in energy metabolism. Current evidence from control analyses of O2 transport through the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and of metabolic fluxes through pathways of energy metabolism indicates shared control of maximum flux rates among multiple steps (i.e. the absence of single rate-limiting steps). This supports the suggestion that functional capacities at each step in linear pathways or processes are matched to each other, and provides an explanation for why the up-regulation of functional capacities has occurred at virtually all steps in the evolution of the smallest vertebrate homeotherms. Flying insects make use of a tracheal system for O2 transport and, like hummingbirds, possess a highly up-regulated biochemical machinery for substrate oxidation. Studies of hummingbirds and honeybees reveal closer matches between biochemical flux capacities and maximum physiological flux rates than in animals capable of lower maximum VO2/Mb. It is proposed that the upper limits to functional capacities set the upper limit to VO2/Mb. This upper limit to aerobic metabolic rate may contribute, along with other factors, towards establishing the lower limit to vertebrate homeotherm size.

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Effects of Chronic Intracerebroventricular Infusion of RFamide-Related Peptide-3 on Energy Metabolism in Male Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21228606 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (22) ◽

pp. 8606

Author(s):

Shogo Moriwaki ◽

Yuki Narimatsu ◽

Keisuke Fukumura ◽

Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena ◽

Megumi Furumitsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Food Intake ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Body Mass ◽

The Other ◽

Related Peptide ◽

Intracerebroventricular Infusion ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

The Masses

RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3), the mammalian ortholog of avian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH), plays a crucial role in reproduction. In the present study, we explored the other functions of RFRP-3 by investigating the effects of chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of RFRP-3 (6 nmol/day) for 13 days on energy homeostasis in lean male C57BL/6J mice. The infusion of RFRP-3 increased cumulative food intake and body mass. In addition, the masses of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the liver were increased by the administration of RFRP-3, although the mass of white adipose tissue was unchanged. On the other hand, RFRP-3 decreased O2 consumption, CO2 production, energy expenditure, and core body temperature during a short time period in the dark phase. These results suggest that the increase in food intake and the decrease in energy expenditure contributed to the gain of body mass, including the masses of BAT and the liver. The present study shows that RFRP-3 regulates not only reproductive function, but also energy metabolism, in mice.

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Effects of long-term forced exercise training on body mass, energy metabolism and serum leptin levels inApodemus chevrieri(Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae)

Italian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1080/11250003.2013.824036 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 80 (3) ◽

pp. 373-379

Author(s):

Wan-Long Zhu ◽

Di Zhang ◽

Lin Zhang ◽

Zheng-Kun Wang

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Body Mass ◽

Mass Energy ◽

Serum Leptin

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Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms and energy metabolism after clenbuterol treatment in the rat

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.3.r1076 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 279 (3) ◽

pp. R1076-R1081 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

P. Rajab ◽

J. Fox ◽

S. Riaz ◽

D. Tomlinson ◽

D. Ball ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Myosin Heavy Chain ◽

Body Mass ◽

Heavy Chain ◽

Adenine Nucleotide ◽

Prolonged Treatment ◽

Skeletal Muscle Myosin ◽

Adenine Nucleotide Pool ◽

Muscle Myosin

Prolonged treatment with the β2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol (1–2 mg · kg body mass−1 · day −1) is known to induce the hypertrophy of fast-contracting fibers and the conversion of slow- to fast-contracting fibers. We investigated the effects of administering a lower dose of clenbuterol (250 μg · kg body mass−1 · day−1) on skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain (MyHC) protein isoform content and adenine nucleotide (ATP, ADP, and AMP) concentrations. Male Wistar rats were administered clenbuterol ( n = 8) or saline ( n = 6) subcutaneously for 8 wk, after which the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles were removed. We demonstrated an increase of type IIa MyHC protein content in the soleus from ∼0.5% in controls to ∼18% after clenbuterol treatment ( P < 0.05), which was accompanied by an increase in the total adenine nucleotide pool (TAN; ∼19%, P < 0.05) and energy charge [E-C = (ATP + 0.5 ADP)/(ATP + ADP + AMP); ∼4%; P < 0.05]. In the EDL, a reduction in the content of the less prevalent type I MyHC protein from ∼3% in controls to 0% after clenbuterol treatment ( P < 0.05) occurred without any alterations in TAN and E-C. These findings demonstrate that the phenotypic changes previously observed in slow muscle after clenbuterol administration at 1–2 mg · kg body mass−1 · day−1 are also observed at a substantially lower dose and are paralleled by concomitant changes in cellular energy metabolism.

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Energy Metabolism of Dragonflies (Odonata: Anisoptera) at Rest and During Endothermic Warm-Up

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.83.1.79 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 79-94

Author(s):

MICHAEL L. MAY

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Energy Metabolism ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Total Energy ◽

Body Mass ◽

Energy Cost ◽

Thermal Conductance ◽

Warm Up

1. Energy metabolism at rest and during pre-flight warm-up was measured in a variety of anisopterous dragonflies. 2. Resting oxygen consumption was similar in its relation to body temperature (Tb) and body mass to that of other insects. At 30 °C, log M = 0.91 log m + 0.44, where M is metabolism (W) and m is body mass (kg). 3. Metabolism during warm-up was calculated both from measurements of Tb and from oxygen consumption. By the former method, log M = 1.01 log m + 2.22 at the maximum Tb attained during warm-up, and log M = 0.90 log m + 1.87 at Tb = 30 °C. Oxygen consumption measurements mostly gave values of M about 15% higher. 4. Total energy cost of warm-up is directly related to mass, thermal conductance and Tb at takeoff, and inversely related to warm-up rate.

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Relationship of red cell mass and energy metabolism to lean body mass in hypophysectomized rats

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1970.29.1.10 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 10-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. E. Bozzini ◽

J. A. Kofoed ◽

H. F. Niotti ◽

R. M. Alippi ◽

J. A. Barrionuevo

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Red Cell ◽

Red Cell Mass ◽

Hypophysectomized Rats ◽

Relationship Of

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The role of dietary fiber content on energy metabolism, thermogenesis, and leptin in Chevrier’s field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/cjz-2015-0131 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 94 (6) ◽

pp. 395-404 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W.-R. Gao ◽

W.-L. Zhu ◽

Z.-K. Wang

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Fiber Content ◽

Field Mouse ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Diet Treatment ◽

Brown Adipose

Food quality and availability are important factors influencing the survival and reproduction of animals. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of dietary fiber content high-fiber (HF) diet treatment or low-fiber (LF) diet treatment) on energy metabolism, thermogenesis, and leptin concentrations in Chevrier’s field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri (Milne-Edwards, 1868)) (Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae). Mice on the HF treatment showed a lower body mass compared with LF treatment from day 27 to day 37, and a lower but insignificant body mass to day 71. Dry matter intake (DMI) and gross energy intake (GEI) were greater in HF compared with LF, whereas the digestible energy intake (DEI) was similar for both treatments. Nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) decreased in HF mice, whereas LF mice remained stable; no significant differences were detected in the basal metabolic rate (BMR), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) content in brown adipose tissue (BAT), or the levels of serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) between HF and LF mice. Although there were no differences in body fat content and serum leptin concentrations between HF and LF mice, serum leptin levels were positively correlated with body fat mass. These results support the hypothesis that A. chevrieri can compensate the poor-quality diet physiologically by way of increasing food intake and decreasing thermogenesis.

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Hepatic JARID1a ablation disrupts the transcription adaptation to feeding and alters systemic metabolism

10.1101/499566 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kacee A. DiTacchio ◽

Diana Kalinowska ◽

Anand Saran ◽

Ashley Byrne ◽

Christopher Vollmers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Metabolism ◽

Circadian Clock ◽

Lean Body Mass ◽

Body Mass ◽

Nutrient Availability ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Glucose Production ◽

Whole Body ◽

Proper Function ◽

Hepatic Transcriptome

AbstractThe liver is a key regulator of systemic energy homeostasis whose proper function is dependent on the circadian clock. Here, we show that livers deficient in the oscillator component JARID1a exhibit a dysregulation of genes involved in energy metabolism. Importantly, we find that mice that lack hepatic JARID1a have decreased lean body mass, decreased respiratory exchange ratios, faster production of ketones and increased glucose production in response to fasting. Finally, we find that JARID1a loss compromises the response of the hepatic transcriptome to nutrient availability. In all, ablation of hepatic JARID1a disrupts the coordination of hepatic metabolic programs with whole-body consequences.

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