A végrehajtó funkciók összefüggése a testtömegindexszel és a DRD4-VNTR 7-es alléllal

Introduction and aim: Earlier results in the literature suggest that overweight subjects show weaker performance in executive function tasks as compared to normal weight people. Dopaminergic system is strongly linked to executive functions, body mass regulation and ingestion. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible relationship between DRD4 VNTR 7-repeat allele, body mass index and Stroop performance in a healthy adult population, and to draw psychogenetic conclusions. Method: 152 subjects without diabetic or psychiatric history participated in the study. Along with non-invasive DNA sampling, demographic, weight and height data were collected. The participants also solved the computerized Stroop task. 11 subjects belonged to the underweight (mean body mass index = 17.9 kg/m2), 98 subjects to the normal (mean body mass index = 21.8 kg/m2), and 43 subjects to the overweight (mean body mass index = 28.9 kg/m2) category. After grouping participants according to their body mass index and DRD4 VNTR genotype, we compared their mean performance to investigate the possible psychogenetic associations. Results: Body mass index and stimuli type showed significant interaction on error number (p = 0.045): subjects with normal body mass index made significantly less error as compared to under- and overweight subjects in incongruent trials. The 7-repeat allele carriers made tendentiously more errors than non-carriers. Normal weight people made less error – independently from their genotype –, while subjects with either low or high BMI carrying the 7-repeat allele made more errors compared to non-carriers. Conclusion: Under- and overweight subjects perform weaker where inhibition is necessary in the task. This may reflect their reactions to food-related situations. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(39): 1554–1562.

Nonspecific Energy Expenditure of the Body and Body Mass Regulation

The principal possibility of nonspecific energy expenditure at all stages of the transformation of nutrients in the body is demonstrated. These stages include the processing of food in the mouth, digestion, absorption, interaction with the intestinal micro biome, and interstitial metabolic processes. Particular attention is paid to the role of nonspecific energy expenditure of the body in the regulation of body mass. The data on the pivotal role of reducing nonspecific energy expenditure in the development of obesity and associated pathological conditions are presented. The prospects for using uncouples of oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acids, carnitine, bile acids, sarcolipin and a number of other substances as regulators of the nonspecific energy expenditure and potential means of preventing and treating obesity are analyzed.

AreIL18RAPgene polymorphisms associated with body mass regulation? A cross-sectional study

ObjectivesTo investigate the association betweenIL18RAPand body mass index (BMI) and obesity and to verify the effect of a polymorphism in the microRNA136 (MIR136)IL18RAPbinding region.DesignWe analysed samples from two Spanish cross-sectional studies, VALCAR (Spanish Mediterranean coast) and Hortega (Spanish centre). These studies aimed at analysing cardiovascular risk and development of cardiovascular disease in the general population. Both populations correspond to regions with different characteristics.SettingFiveIL18RAPsingle nucleotide polymorphisms were selected using the SYSNPs web tool and analysed by oligonucleotide ligation assay (SNPlex). For the MIR136 functional study, cells were transfected with plasmids containing different rs7559479 polymorphism alleles and analysed by luciferase reporter assays.Participants1970 individuals (Caucasian, both genders): VALCAR (468) and Hortega (1502).Resultsrs2293225, rs2272127 and rs7559479 showed the following associations: rs7559479 G allele correlated with a higher obesity risk (P=0.01; OR=1.82; 95% CI 1.15 to 2.87 for the VALCAR group; P=0.033; OR=1.35; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.79 for the Hortega population) and higher body mass index (BMI) values (P=0.0045; P=0.1 for VALCAR and Hortega, respectively); a significant association with obesity (P=0.0024, OR=1.44, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.82) and increased BMI values (P=0.008) was found when considering both populations together. rs2293225 T allele was associated with lower obesity risk (P=0.036; OR=0.60; 95% CI 0.35 to 0.96) and lower BMI values (P=0.0038; OR=1.41) while the rs2272127 G allele was associated with lower obesity risk (P=0.028; OR=0.66; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.97) only in the VALCAR population. A reporter assay showed that the presence of the A allele in rs7559479 was associated with increased MIR136 binding toIL18RAP.ConclusionsOur results suggest that polymorphisms inIL18RAPinfluence susceptibility to obesity. We demonstrated that the A allele in rs7559479 increases MIR136 binding, which regulates IL-18 system activity.

Towards a behavioural ecology of obesity

Addressing the obesity epidemic depends on a holistic understanding of the reasons that people become and maintain excessive fat. Theories about the causes of obesity usually focus proximately or evoke evolutionary mismatches, with minimal clinical value. There is potential for substantial progress by adapting strategic body mass regulation models from evolutionary ecology to human obesity by assessing the role of information.