scholarly journals Energy expenditure across immune challenge severities in a lizard: consequences for innate immunity, locomotor performance, and oxidative status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hudson S.B. ◽  
Virgin E.E. ◽  
Kepas M.E. ◽  
French S.S.
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Sprint Speed ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Oxygen Metabolites

Reptiles, like other vertebrates, rely on immunity to defend themselves from infection. The energetic cost of an immune response is liable to scale with infection severity, prompting constraints on other self-maintenance traits if immune prioritization exceeds energy budget. In this study, adult male side-blotched lizards (Uta stansburiana) were injected with high (20 µg/g body mass), low (10 µg/g body mass), or control (0 µg/g body mass) concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to simulate bacterial infections of discrete severities. The costs and consequences of the immune response were assessed through comparisons of change in resting metabolic rates (RMR), energy metabolites (glucose, glycerol, triglycerides), innate immunity (bactericidal ability), sprint speed changes, and oxidative status (antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen metabolites). High-LPS lizards had the lowest glucose levels and greatest sprint reductions, while their RMR and bactericidal ability were similar to control lizards. Low-LPS lizards had elevated RMR and bactericidal ability, but glucose levels and sprint speed changes between that of high-LPS and control lizards. Levels of glycerol, triglycerides, reactive oxygen metabolites, and antioxidant capacity did not differ by treatment. Taken together, energy expenditure for the immune response differentially varies with challenge severity, posing consequences for self-maintenance processes in a reptile.

Effect of a high forage : concentrate ratio on milk yield, blood parameters and oxidative status in lactating cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1531
Author(s):  
N. Musco ◽  
R. Tudisco ◽  
M. Grossi ◽  
V. Mastellone ◽  
V. M. Morittu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Feeding Strategy ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Oxygen Metabolites

A feeding strategy that requires a forage:concentrate ratio equal to 70:30, with at least five different herbs in the forage and the use of silages prohibited, has recently been introduced in Italy. Despite the benefits in terms of human health (lower ω6:ω3 ratio, higher conjugated linoleic acid level) of the obtained milk, little information regarding the possible effects on cows’ health is available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of such a feeding strategy in dairy cows (90 days in milk at the beginning of the trial) on milk yield and composition, and blood metabolic profile, including the evaluation of oxidative stress. The proposed feeding strategy, compared with a semi-intensive strategy, resulted in an improvement of animal oxidative status (lower levels of reactive oxygen metabolites, higher levels of antioxidant potential and anti-reactive oxygen metabolites) and a significant increase of milk urea only in the first part of the trial. No differences in milk yield and composition were detected throughout the trial.

scholarly journals Aggressive and non-aggressive personalities differ in oxidative status in selected lines of mice ( Mus musculus )

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Costantini ◽  
Claudio Carere ◽  
Doretta Caramaschi ◽  
Jaap M Koolhaas
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategy ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Stress Responsiveness ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Animal Personalities ◽  
Attack Latency ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Oxygen Metabolites

Mice selected for aggression and coping (long attack latency (LAL), reactive coping strategy; short attack latency (SAL), pro-active coping strategy) are a useful model for studying the physiological background of animal personalities. These mice also show a differential stress responsiveness, especially in terms of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis reactivity, to various challenges. Since the stress response can increase the production of reactive oxygen species, we predicted that the basic oxidative status of the lines could differ. We found that LAL showed higher serum antioxidant capacity (OXY) than SAL, while no differences emerged for reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs) or the balance between ROMs and OXY, reflecting oxidative stress. Moreover, the lines showed inverse relationships between ROMs or OXY and body mass corrected for age. The results indicate that variation in oxidative status is heritable and linked to personality. This suggests that different animal personalities may be accompanied by differences in oxidative status, which may predict differences in longevity.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Relationship between Plasma Reactive Oxygen Metabolites and Periodontal Condition in the Maintenance Phase of Periodontal Treatment

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuya Machida ◽  
Takaaki Tomofuji ◽  
Daisuke Ekuni ◽  
Mayu Yamane ◽  
Toshiki Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Maintenance Phase ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Probing Pocket Depth ◽  
Plaque Control ◽  
Attachment Level ◽  
Oxygen Metabolites

Aim. The present cohort study describes the longitudinal relationship between plasma oxidative status and periodontitis progression during the maintenance phase of treatment.Materials and Methods. Forty-five patients (mean age 58.8 years) were monitored from 2008 to 2013. Periodontal conditions, including probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded. Measurements of plasma reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and biologic antioxidant potential (BAP) were performed to evaluate plasma oxidative status. The patients were assigned into 2 groups as low and high plasma ROM level using a cut-off value which was median of plasma ROM level at baseline.Results. In the subjects with low plasma ROM level at baseline, changes in mean CAL were positively correlated with changes in plasma ROM levels, bleeding on probing, and plaque control record, but not with PPD. In the subjects with high plasma ROM at baseline, changes in CAL were significantly associated with only PPD at baseline. On the other hands there were no significant associations between changes in CAL and those in plasma BAP levels.Conclusions. When plasma ROM level in periodontitis patients was low, increases in plasma ROM level were associated with those in CAL during the maintenance phase of treatment.

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal variation in oxidative status regulation in a small mammal

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7801
Author(s):  
Vincent Lemieux ◽  
Dany Garant ◽  
Denis Reale ◽  
Patrick Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Oxidant Production ◽  
Study Sites

Life-history allocation trade-offs are dynamic over time and space according to the ecological and demographical context. Fluctuations in food availability can affect physiological trade-offs like oxidative status regulation, reflecting the balance between pro-oxidant production and antioxidant capacity. Monitoring the spatio-temporal stability of oxidative status in natural settings may help understanding its importance in ecological and evolutionary processes. However, few studies have yet conducted such procedures in wild populations. Here, we monitored individual oxidative status in a wild eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) population across the 2017 summer active period and over three study sites. Oxidative damage (MDA: Malondialdehyde levels) and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels (FRAP: Ferric reducing antioxidant power and HASC: Hypochlorous acid shock capacity) were quantified across time and space using assays optimized for small blood volumes. Our results showed an increase in oxidative damage mirrored by a decrease in FRAP throughout the season. We also found different antioxidant levels among our three study sites for both markers. Our results also revealed the effects of sex and body mass on oxidative status. Early in the active season, females and individuals with a greater body mass had higher oxidative damage. Males had higher HASC levels than females throughout the summer. This study shows that oxidative status regulation is a dynamic process that requires a detailed spatial and temporal monitoring to yield a complete picture of possible trade-offs between pro-oxidant production and antioxidant capacity.

Whole and fractionated yellow pea flours modulate insulin, glucose, oxygen consumption, and the caecal microbiome in Golden Syrian hamsters

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher P.F. Marinangeli ◽  
Denis Krause ◽  
Scott V. Harding ◽  
Todd C. Rideout ◽  
Fuqin Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Yellow Peas ◽  
Pea Flour

The objective was to evaluate the effects of whole and fractionated yellow peas on circulating lipids, glucose and insulin levels, energy expenditure, and body composition, as well as to assess their prebiotic actions in Golden Syrian hamsters. Forty-five hamsters consumed a hypercholesterolemic diet for 28 days, then were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups: control (CON), whole pea flour (WPF), and fractionated pea flour (hulls only) (FPF). WPF and FPF were incorporated into the diets, replacing 10% of the cornstarch. WPF and FPF feeding produced negligible effects on circulating cholesterol and triglyceride levels. However, both WPF (56.76 ± 9.22 pmol·L–1, p = 0.002) and FPF (89.27 ± 19.82 pmol·L–1, p = 0.032) reduced circulating insulin levels compared with the CON group (131.70 ± 17.70 pmol·L–1). Moreover, FPF decreased (p = 0.03) circulating glucose levels (6.26 ± 0.51 mmol·L–1) compared with CON (8.27 ± 0.81 mmol·L–1). Energy expenditure analysis revealed that hamsters consuming WPF demonstrated a higher (p = 0.036) oxygen consumption (2.00 ± 0.31 mL O2·g–1 lean body mass) vs. the CON group (1.56 ± 0.089 mL O2·g–1 lean body mass). Analysis of caecal digesta showed that WPF produced shifts in the abundance of microbial taxa with the most predominant changes occurring within the phylum Firmicutes. Yellow peas and their constituents should be investigated as future functional food ingredients that help prevent and manage lifestyle-related diseases such as diabetes and obesity.

Metabolic profile and oxidative status in goats during the peripartum period

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Celi ◽  
Adriana Di Trana ◽  
Angelo Quaranta
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Peripartum Period ◽  
Oxygen Metabolites

The aim of this study was to monitor the metabolic profile and oxidative status in goats during the peripartum period. A blood sample was taken from 10 Red Syrian goats on days −21, −3, +1, +14, and +28 from delivery. Samples were assayed for glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities, and reactive oxygen metabolites, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I, free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), leptin, urea, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, calcium and inorganic phosphorus concentrations. Blood glutathione peroxidase activity decreased during the postpartum period and its values were significantly (P < 0.05) lower on days 14 and 28 postpartum. Albumin levels were significantly (P < 0.05) lower on days −3, 1 and 28 from delivery compared with day −21. Plasma urea levels significantly (P < 0.001) decreased starting from day −3 from delivery. No effect of time from delivery was noted on reactive oxygen metabolites, non-esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, total protein, calcium and inorganic phosphorus, insulin and leptin concentrations and superoxide dismutase activity. Plasma concentrations of fT3 were significantly (P < 0.01) higher on days 14 and 28 compared with days −21, −3 and 1 from delivery. Plasma levels of fT4 were significantly (P < 0.01) lower on days −3 and 1 from delivery. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I values slowly decreased during the postpartum period and its values were significantly (P < 0.05) lower on day 28. This study indicates that goats experienced moderate oxidative stress during the peripartum period.

Analyses of Associations Between Reactive Oxygen Metabolites and Antioxidant Capacity and Related Factors Among Healthy Adolescents

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Tamae ◽  
Toshiharu Eto ◽  
Kazuhiro Aoki ◽  
Shingo Nakamaru ◽  
Kazunori Koshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Oxygen Metabolites

scholarly journals Effect of six weeks 1000 mg/day vitamin C supplementation and healthy training in elderly women on genes expression associated with the immune response - a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Żychowska ◽  
Agata Grzybkowska ◽  
Mariusz Zasada ◽  
Anna Piotrowska ◽  
Danuta Dworakowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Vitamin C Supplementation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Adaptation To Training

Abstract Background In this study, we investigated the effects of supplementation and exercise on the expression of genes associated with inflammation like CCL2, CRP, IL1, IL6, IL10 mRNA in elderly women. Methods Twenty four participants divided randomly into two groups were subjected to 6 weeks of the same health training program (three times per week). SUP group (supplemented, n = 12, mean age 72.8 ± 5.26 years and mean body mass 68.1 ± 8.3 kg) received 1000 mg of Vitamin C/day during the training period, while CON group (control, n = 12, mean age 72.4 ± 5.5 years and body mass 67.7 ± 7.5 kg) received placebo. Results No significant changes in IL-1, IL-6, IL-10 and CRP mRNA were observed within and between groups. However, there was a clear tendency of a decrease in IL-6 (two-way ANOVA, significant between investigated time points) and an increase in IL-10 mRNA noted in the supplemented group. A significant decrease in CCL2 mRNA was observed only in the CON group (from 2^0.2 to 2^0.1, p = 0.01). Conclusions It can be concluded, that 6 weeks of supplementation and exercise was too short to obtain significant changes in gene expression in leukocytes, but supplementation of 1000 mg vitamin C positively affected IL-6 and IL-10 expression – which are key changes in the adaptation to training. However, changes in body mass, IL1 and CCL2 were positive in CON group. It is possible that Vitamin C during 6 weeks of supplementation could have different effects on the expression of individual genes involved in the immune response. Trial registration Retrospectively registered. 

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