scholarly journals A comparison of two methods for estimating critical swimming speed (UCRIT) in larval fathead minnows: the laminar flow assay and the spinning task assay

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C. Krzykwa ◽  
Gabriella S. Lamanteer ◽  
Marlo K. Sellin Jeffries
Keyword(s):  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Good Predictor ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Alternative Method

Critical swimming performance (UCRIT) is considered a good predictor of swimming capabilities in fish. To estimate UCRIT, a fish is exposed to an incrementally-increasing laminar flow of water until it cannot maintain its position against the current. The spinning task assay has been proposed as an alternative method to traditional laminar flow methods; however, these methods have not been directly compared. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine whether the spinning task assay is a suitable alternative to traditional laminar flow assays. To that end, the performance of fathead minnows in each assay was compared at three time points (14, 19 and 24 days post fertilization, dpf). In 14 dpf fish, UCRIT estimates were similar regardless of the assay used. However, at 19 and 24 dpf, UCRIT estimates derived from the two assay types were significantly different. This indicates that the assays are not equivalent to one another and that the spinning task assay is not a suitable alternative to the laminar flow assay for the determination of UCRIT.

The relationship between specific growth rate and swimming performance in male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2165-2167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan S. Kolok ◽  
James T. Oris
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the specific growth rate of male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) was positively correlated with swimming performance. Subadult fish were allowed to grow into adults over a period of 31 – 55 days, after which the critical swimming speed of each fish was determined. Variation in critical swimming speed was substantial (greater than 50%), and a significant positive correlation was found between number of growing days and critical swimming speed, whereas a significant negative correlation was found between specific growth rate and critical swimming speed. A multiple regression using specific growth rate and number of growing days explained over 47% of the variation in swimming performance. Fathead minnows that grow fast are poor swimmers, suggesting a trade-off between swimming performance and specific growth rate in this species.

Effect of Morphological Fin-Curl on the Swimming Performance and Station-Holding Ability of Juvenile Shovelnose Sturgeon

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Deslauriers ◽  
Ryan Johnston ◽  
Steven R. Chipps
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Pectoral Fin ◽  
Speed Test ◽  
Shovelnose Sturgeon ◽  
Pectoral Fins

Abstract We assessed the effect of fin-curl on the swimming and station-holding ability of juvenile shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (mean fork length = 17 cm; mean weight = 16 g; n = 21) using a critical swimming speed test performed in a small swim chamber (90 L) at 20°C. We quantified fin-curl severity using the pectoral fin index. Results showed a positive relationship between pectoral fin index and critical swimming speed indicative of reduced swimming performance displayed by fish afflicted with a pectoral fin index < 8%. Fin-curl severity, however, did not affect the station-holding ability of individual fish. Rather, fish affected with severe fin-curl were likely unable to use their pectoral fins to position their body adequately in the water column, which led to the early onset of fatigue. Results generated from this study should serve as an important consideration for future stocking practices.

scholarly journals Prolonged swimming, recovery and repeat swimming performance of mature sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka exposed to moderate hypoxia and pentachlorophenol.

1998 ◽  
Vol 201 (14) ◽  
pp. 2183-2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A P Farrell ◽  
A K Gamperl ◽  
I K Birtwell
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Moderate Hypoxia ◽  
Lactate Levels

Mature, wild sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) demonstrated their remarkable stamina and recovery abilities by performing three consecutive critical swimming speed tests with only a 45 min interval for recovery between subsequent tests. Although the repeated swimming challenges were performed without a full recovery, normoxic fish swam just as well on the second swim, and the majority of fish swam only marginally more poorly on the third swim. In addition, metabolic loading in these fish, as measured by the rate of oxygen consumption, ventilation rate and plasma lactate levels during recovery, did not appear to be cumulative with successive swims. Fish, however, did not recover as well after a similar level of initial swimming performance under moderately hypoxic conditions (water PO2>100 mmHg; 1 mmHg=0.1333 kPa). Four out of the five fish did not swim again and their high plasma lactate levels indicated a greater anaerobic effort. In another group of fish, metabolic loading (elevated control rates of oxygen consumption) was induced with an overnight sublethal exposure to pentachlorophenol, but these fish swam as well as normoxic fish on the first swim, and five of the six fish swam for a third time at a marginally lower critical swimming speed. In contrast to expectations, pentachlorophenol pretreatment and moderate hypoxia were not additive in their effects. Instead, the effects resembled those of pentachlorophenol pretreatment alone. The results are discussed in terms of what aspects of fatigue might impair the repeat swimming performance of sockeye salmon.

scholarly journals A Method for Estimating the Velocity at Which Anaerobic Metabolism Begins in Swimming Fish

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1430
Author(s):  
Feifei He ◽  
Xiaogang Wang ◽  
Yun Li ◽  
Yiqun Hou ◽  
Qiubao Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Crucian Carp ◽  
Anaerobic Metabolism ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Swimming Efficiency ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Tail Beat

Anaerobic metabolism begins before fish reach their critical swimming speed. Anaerobic metabolism affects the swimming ability of fish, which is not conducive to their upward tracking. The initiation of anaerobic metabolism therefore provides a better predictor of flow barriers than critical swimming speed. To estimate the anaerobic element of metabolism for swimming fish, the respiratory metabolism and swimming performance of adult crucian carp (Carassius auratus, mass = 260.10 ± 7.93, body length = 19.32 ± 0.24) were tested in a closed tank at 20 ± 1 °C. The swimming behavior and rate of oxygen consumption of these carp were recorded at various swimming speeds. Results indicate (1) The critical swimming speed of the crucian carp was 0.85 ± 0.032 m/s (4.40 ± 0.16 BL/s). (2) When a power function was fitted to the data, oxygen consumption, as a function of swimming speed, was determined to be AMR = 131.24 + 461.26Us1.27 (R2 = 0.948, p < 0.001) and the power value (1.27) of Us indicated high swimming efficiency. (3) Increased swimming speed led to increases in the tail beat frequency. (4) Swimming costs were calculated via rate of oxygen consumption and hydrodynamic modeling. Then, the drag coefficient of the crucian carp during swimming was calibrated (0.126–0.140), and the velocity at which anaerobic metabolism was initiated was estimated (0.52 m/s), via the new method described herein. This study adds to our understanding of the metabolic patterns of fish at different swimming speeds.

Alternative method of reducing sugars determination in some selected fizzy drinks and fruits by chromic acid reagent

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Author(s):  
Mustapha A. Olajide
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Sugar Solution ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Acid Reagent

Chromic acid reagent as an alternative colorimetric method for the quantitative determination of reducing sugars and ascorbic acid in some selected fizzy drinks: Seven Up, Limca, Mirinda, Cocoa-Cola, Fanta, Pepsi Cola, Maltina, Guinness Malt, Hi-Malt and Maltonic) and fruits: pineapple (Ananas cosmoses), sweet orange (Cimifi sinensis), grape fruit (Dints paradise) and tangerine (Citrus reticulate) has been studied. Chromic method involves sugar solution of about 1% concentration. treated with an equal volume of concentrated nitric acid and a few drops of a 5% solution of potassium dichromate was added, a blue colour develops in less than a minute in the cold and the absorbance taken in a Spectronic 20D Spectrophotometer at 560 um. Results obtained from the simple chromic acid as test method compares well with those obtained from the titrimetric methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2012) and Pearson (1991) as control, with negligible variations. Apart from being a very powerful oxidizing agent, its reaction with monosaccharide, disaccharides and ascorbic acid are less-time consuming, showed distinct colour development and its easy preparation, made chromic acid reagent a faster, better and suitable alternative method for the quantitative determination of reducing sugars and ascorbic acid in routine analyses of foods. Keywords: reducing sugar, ascorbic acid, chromic reagent.

Critical swimming speed of sterlet ( Acipenser ruthenus ): Does intraspecific hybridization affect swimming performance?

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sahana Shivaramu ◽  
Carlos E. Santo ◽  
Vojtěch Kašpar ◽  
David Bierbach ◽  
Jörn Gessner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Critical Swimming Speed ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
Acipenser Ruthenus ◽  
Sterlet Acipenser Ruthenus

Determination of Myocardial FFA Elimination Rates by Functional Images of Uncorrected Half-Time Values

1984 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Van Lingen ◽  
G. Westera ◽  
M. van ◽  
W. Den Hollander ◽  
E. E. Van der Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Heptadecanoic Acid ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Functional Images ◽  
Functional Image ◽  
Back Ground ◽  
Objective Determination

SummaryThis paper presents an alternative method of demarcating regions of in terest over the myocardium after ad ministration of 123I-heptadecanoic acid to patients with coronary artery disea se. In a matrix of 32 × 32 pixels the elimination rates of the radioactivity, which are not corrected for back ground activity, are visualized per pixel in a functional image. The func tional image showed areas in the myocardium with high values of uncorrected elimination rates. These areas corresponded with the tracer defects on the scintigram. Corrected elimination rates obtained from re gions of interest of functional images were comparable with those of scinti grams. Thus based on functional im ages of uncorrected elimination rates a reliable, objective determination of regions of interest over normal and abnormal myocardium can be made.

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