An Evaluation of the Use of Critical Swimming Speed for Determination of Culvert Water Velocity Criteria for Smallmouth Bass

Critical swimming performance (UCRIT) is considered a good predictor of swimming capabilities in fish. To estimate UCRIT, a fish is exposed to an incrementally-increasing laminar flow of water until it cannot maintain its position against the current. The spinning task assay has been proposed as an alternative method to traditional laminar flow methods; however, these methods have not been directly compared. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine whether the spinning task assay is a suitable alternative to traditional laminar flow assays. To that end, the performance of fathead minnows in each assay was compared at three time points (14, 19 and 24 days post fertilization, dpf). In 14 dpf fish, UCRIT estimates were similar regardless of the assay used. However, at 19 and 24 dpf, UCRIT estimates derived from the two assay types were significantly different. This indicates that the assays are not equivalent to one another and that the spinning task assay is not a suitable alternative to the laminar flow assay for the determination of UCRIT.

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Physical and physiological components of the graviresponses of wild-type and mutant Paramecium Tetraurelia

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.203.6.1059 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 203 (6) ◽

pp. 1059-1070 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

U. Nagel ◽

H. Machemer

Keyword(s):

Swimming Speed ◽

Sedimentation Rates ◽

Paramecium Tetraurelia ◽

Wild Type ◽

Centre Of Gravity ◽

In The Wild ◽

Type Population ◽

G Value ◽

Mutant Cells

Wild-type and the morphological mutant kin 241 of Paramecium tetraurelia showed improved orientation away from the centre of gravity (negative gravitaxis) when accelerations were increased from 1 to 7 g. Gravitaxis was more pronounced in the mutant. A correlation between the efficiency of orientation and the applied g value suggests a physical basis for gravitaxis. Transiently enhanced rates of reversal of the swimming direction coincided with transiently enhanced gravitaxis because reversals occurred more often in downward swimmers than in upward swimmers. The results provide evidence of a physiological modulation of gravitaxis by means of the randomizing effect of depolarization-dependent swimming reversals. Gravity bimodally altered propulsion rates of wild-type P. tetraurelia so that sedimentation was partly antagonized in upward and downward swimmers (negative gravikinesis). In the mutant, only increases in propulsion were observed, although the orientation-dependent sensitivity of the gravikinetic response was the same as in the wild-type population. Observed swimming speed and sedimentation rates in the wild-type and mutant cells were linearly related to acceleration, allowing the determination of gravikinesis as a linear (and so far non-saturating) function of gravity.

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ASSESSING CRITICAL SWIMMING SPEED OF LEFUA ECHIGONIA AND HABITAT IMPROVEMENT DESIGNS USING LARGE-SIZED GRAVELS

Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers Ser B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) ◽

10.2208/jscejhe.76.2_i_1327 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 (2) ◽

pp. I_1327-I_1332

Author(s):

Shinji FUKUDA ◽

Kosei AOKI ◽

Yuki MATSUZAWA

Keyword(s):

Swimming Speed ◽

Critical Swimming Speed ◽

Habitat Improvement

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Effect of Morphological Fin-Curl on the Swimming Performance and Station-Holding Ability of Juvenile Shovelnose Sturgeon

Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management ◽

10.3996/092015-jfwm-087 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 198-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David Deslauriers ◽

Ryan Johnston ◽

Steven R. Chipps

Keyword(s):

Swimming Speed ◽

Early Onset ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Swimming Performance ◽

Fork Length ◽

Critical Swimming Speed ◽

Pectoral Fin ◽

Speed Test ◽

Shovelnose Sturgeon ◽

Pectoral Fins

Abstract We assessed the effect of fin-curl on the swimming and station-holding ability of juvenile shovelnose sturgeon Scaphirhynchus platorynchus (mean fork length = 17 cm; mean weight = 16 g; n = 21) using a critical swimming speed test performed in a small swim chamber (90 L) at 20°C. We quantified fin-curl severity using the pectoral fin index. Results showed a positive relationship between pectoral fin index and critical swimming speed indicative of reduced swimming performance displayed by fish afflicted with a pectoral fin index < 8%. Fin-curl severity, however, did not affect the station-holding ability of individual fish. Rather, fish affected with severe fin-curl were likely unable to use their pectoral fins to position their body adequately in the water column, which led to the early onset of fatigue. Results generated from this study should serve as an important consideration for future stocking practices.

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The Levantine jellyfish Rhopilema nomadica and Rhizostoma pulmo swim faster against the flow than with the flow

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56311-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dror Malul ◽

Tamar Lotan ◽

Yizhaq Makovsky ◽

Roi Holzman ◽

Uri Shavit

Keyword(s):

Swimming Speed ◽

Laboratory Testing ◽

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Abundant Species ◽

Water Velocity ◽

Pulsation Frequency ◽

The Past ◽

Sensory Ability

AbstractJellyfish locomotion and orientation have been studied in the past both in the laboratory, testing mostly small jellyfish, and in the field, where it was impossible to control the seawater currents. Utilizing an outdoor water flume, we tested the locomotion of jellyfish when swimming against and with currents of up to 4.5 cm s−1. We used adult jellyfish from two of the most abundant species in the eastern Mediterranean, Rhopilema nomadica and Rhizostoma pulmo, and measured their pulsation frequency and swimming speed relative to the water. While pulsation frequency was not affected by the water velocity, jellyfish swam faster against the current than with it. This finding suggests that jellyfish possess a sensory ability, whose mechanism is currently unknown, enabling them to gauge the flow and react to it, possibly in order to reduce the risk of stranding.

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Swimming Abilities of Temperate Pelagic Fish Larvae Prove that they May Control their Dispersion in Coastal Areas

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d11100185 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 185 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Baptista ◽

Morais ◽

Cruz ◽

Castanho ◽

Ribeiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Swimming Speed ◽

Physiological Condition ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Coastal Areas ◽

Critical Swimming Speed ◽

Fish Stocks ◽

Diplodus Sargus ◽

Endurance Tests ◽

Temperate Fish ◽

The Relationship

The Sense Acuity and Behavioral (SAAB) Hypothesis proposes that the swimming capabilities and sensorial acuity of temperate fish larvae allows them to find and swim towards coastal nursery areas, which are crucial for their recruitment. To gather further evidence to support this theory, it is necessary to understand how horizontal swimming capability varies along fish larvae ontogeny. Therefore, we studied the swimming capability of white seabream Diplodus sargus (Linnaeus, 1758) larvae along ontogeny, and their relationship with physiological condition. Thus, critical swimming speed (Ucrit) and the distance swam (km) during endurance tests were determined for fish larvae from 15 to 55 days post-hatching (DPH), and their physiological condition (RNA, DNA and protein contents) was assessed. The critical swimming speed of white seabream larvae increased along ontogeny from 1.1 cm s−1 (15 DPH) to 23 cm s−1 (50 and 55 DPH), and the distance swam by larvae in the endurance experiments increased from 0.01 km (15 DPH) to 86.5 km (45 DPH). This finding supports one of the premises of the SAAB hypothesis, which proposes that fish larvae can influence their transport and distribution in coastal areas due to their swimming capabilities. The relationship between larvae’s physiological condition and swimming capabilities were not evident in this study. Overall, this study provides critical information for understanding the link between population dynamics and connectivity with the management and conservation of fish stocks.

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Swimming capability of zebrafish is governed by water temperature, caudal fin length and genetic background

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-52592-w ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yuma Wakamatsu ◽

Kazutoyo Ogino ◽

Hiromi Hirata

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Swimming Performance ◽

Water Velocity ◽

Critical Swimming Speed ◽

Adult Zebrafish ◽

Caudal Fin ◽

Behavioral Traits ◽

Maximum Water ◽

Fin Length

Abstract Several zebrafish strains such as AB, Tübingen (TU), Wild India Kolkata (WIK) and Tupfel long fin (TL) have been established for genetic study. Each strain has its morphological and behavioral traits. Motor traits, however, have not been explored in zebrafish strains. We here applied a treadmill for fish (swimmill) and measured swimming capability of adult zebrafish by critical swimming speed, which is the maximum water velocity in which fish can keep swimming. First, we confirmed that swimming capability does not vary between female and male. Second, we found that the appropriate water temperature for swimming was between 16 and 30 °C. Third, our fin clip experiments using long-finned zebrafish revealed that they can exhibit high swimming capability when the caudal fin length was set between 3 and 10 mm, implying that long-finned zebrafish are unfavorable for fast swimming. Finally, we compared swimming capability of several zebrafish strains and demonstrated that WIK fish was significantly less capable of swimming despite that they have short caudal fin (~9 mm). The offspring of WIK fish were less capable of swimming, while hybrids of WIK and TU showed high swimming performance comparable to TU. Thus, lower swimming capability of WIK strain is inheritable as a motor trait.

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The relationship between specific growth rate and swimming performance in male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z95-254 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (11) ◽

pp. 2165-2167 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Alan S. Kolok ◽

James T. Oris

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Specific Growth Rate ◽

Swimming Speed ◽

Specific Growth ◽

Swimming Performance ◽

Pimephales Promelas ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Fathead Minnows ◽

Critical Swimming Speed ◽

The Relationship

The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the specific growth rate of male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) was positively correlated with swimming performance. Subadult fish were allowed to grow into adults over a period of 31 – 55 days, after which the critical swimming speed of each fish was determined. Variation in critical swimming speed was substantial (greater than 50%), and a significant positive correlation was found between number of growing days and critical swimming speed, whereas a significant negative correlation was found between specific growth rate and critical swimming speed. A multiple regression using specific growth rate and number of growing days explained over 47% of the variation in swimming performance. Fathead minnows that grow fast are poor swimmers, suggesting a trade-off between swimming performance and specific growth rate in this species.

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