scholarly journals Oxygen consumption, ventilatory frequency and heart rate of lampreys (Lampetra fluviatilis) during their spawning run

1975 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
P. N. Claridge ◽  
I. C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Upstream Migration ◽  
Lampetra Fluviatilis ◽  
Ventilatory Frequency ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
Spawning Run ◽  
Logarithmic Relationship

1. The standard rate of oxygen consumption, ventilatory frequency and heart rate of adult Lampetra fluviatilis were measured during the light phase of the photoperiod and at times corresponding to various stages in the upstream migration. 2. All three parameters increased during the spawning run but only in mature individuals were significant differences found between the sexes. 3. The regression coefficients for the logarithmic relationship between oxygen consumption and body weight of immature animals were 0.912 and 0.925 at 9.5 and 16 degrees C respectively. 4. Both the standard rate of oxygen consumption and the amount of oxygen taken up during activity increased greatly during the hours of darkness. 5. Oxygen consumption, ventilatory frequency and, to a lesser extent, heart rate increased significantly at 9.5 degrees C over the 100–20% range of saturation with air. 6. Below 20% saturation with air, lampreys no longer remained attached by their oral disc for prolonged periods and the ventilatory frequency rose even more rapidly to reach a maximum of 175 beats/min at 12.5%. Exposure to 7.5% resulted in death within 5–8 h.

Cardiovascular changes in the exercising emu

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Grubb ◽  
D. D. Jorgensen ◽  
M. Conner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Exercise Heart Rate ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Cardiovascular Variables

Cardiovascular variables were studied as a function of oxygen consumption in the emu, a large, flightless ratite bird well suited to treadmill exercise. At the highest level of exercise, the birds' rate of oxygen consumption (VO2) was approximately 11.4 times the resting level (4.2 ml kg-1 min-1). Cardiac output was linearly related to VO2, increasing 9.5 ml for each 1 ml increase in oxygen consumption. The increase in cardiac output is similar to that in other birds, but appears to be larger than in mammals. The venous oxygen content dropped during exercise, thus increasing the arteriovenous oxygen content difference. At the highest levels of exercise, heart rate showed a 3.9-fold increase over the resting rate (45.8 beats min-1). The mean resting specific stroke volume was 1.5 ml per kg body mass, which is larger than shown by most mammals. However, birds have larger hearts relative to body mass than do mammals, and stroke volume expressed per gram of heart (0.18 ml g-1) is similar to that for mammals. Stroke volume showed a 1.8-fold increase as a result of exercise in the emus, but a change in heart rate plays a greater role in increasing cardiac output during exercise.

RESPIRATION OF FISHES WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON STANDARD OXYGEN CONSUMPTION: I. INFLUENCE OF WEIGHT AND TEMPERATURE ON RESPIRATION OF GOLDFISH, CARASSIUS AURATUS L.

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. H. Beamish ◽  
P. S. Mookherjii
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Proportionate Change ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Standard Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
External Stimuli

Standard oxygen consumption of goldfish was estimated in relation to weight and temperature from simultaneous measurements of routine oxygen uptake and spontaneous activity. The relation between weight and standard oxygen consumption was expressed as a logarithmic linear regression. For a given shift in temperature, the proportionate change in standard oxygen consumption appears to be independent of weight. The mean slope of the regressions was found to be 0.850.The standard rate of a 100-g goldfish increased linearly, on a semilogarithmic grid, over the temperature range of 10 to 35 °C. The estimates found in the present study were less than the lowest applicable values that could be found in the literature.The average routine rate of oxygen consumption suggests that goldfish display a considerable amount of spontaneous activity despite the elimination of external stimuli.

RESPIRATION OF FISHES WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON STANDARD OXYGEN CONSUMPTION: III. INFLUENCE OF OXYGEN

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. H. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Standard Metabolism ◽  
Partial Pressures ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Standard Rate

Standard oxygen consumption was determined in relation to various partial pressures of oxygen for eastern brook trout at 10° and 15 °C, and for carp and goldfish at 10° and 20 °C. Two conditions of oxygen acclimation were compared. In one case acclimation was to air saturation while in the other acclimation was to each of the partial pressures of oxygen applied.Down to a partial pressure of oxygen of approximately 80 mm Hg, standard oxygen uptake remained approximately constant, and further, the rates for the two differently acclimated groups were about equal. Below 80 mm Hg the standard rate first increased to a maximum and then, with a further reduction in the partial pressure, decreased. Below 80 mm Hg the standard rate of oxygen consumption was in all cases less for the fish acclimated to the low level of oxygen than for those acclimated to air saturation.Comparison of standard and active values suggests that the increase in standard rate of oxygen uptake in response to low oxygen does not reach the active level as suggested earlier by Fry (1947). The suggestion is made that a fraction of standard metabolism is derived anaerobically in low levels of oxygen. Further, it appears that acclimation to a low level of oxygen enhances the anaerobic fraction of standard metabolism.

scholarly journals Haemolymph Mg(2+) regulation in decapod crustaceans: physiological correlates and ecological consequences in polar areas

2000 ◽  
Vol 203 (8) ◽  
pp. 1383-1393
Author(s):  
M. Frederich ◽  
F.J. Sartoris ◽  
W.E. Arntz ◽  
H. Portner
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Carcinus Maenas ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Decapod Crustaceans ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

Reptant decapod crustaceans are almost absent from the Southern Ocean south of the Antarctic Convergence. We tested the hypothesis that this may be due to the reduced ability of this group to regulate Mg(2+) levels in the haemolymph ([Mg(2+)](HL)). Mg(2+) acts as an anaesthetic in marine invertebrates and its level is higher in Reptantia (crabs such as Cancer spp., Chionoecetes spp., Maja spp., 30–50 mmol l(−)(1)) than in Natantia (prawns such as Pandalus spp., Palaemon spp., Crangon spp., 5–12 mmol l(−)(1)). We varied [Mg(2+)](HL) in three species of reptant decapod crustaceans, Carcinus maenas, Hyas araneus and Eurypodius latreillei, and investigated heart rate, the rate of oxygen consumption and levels of spontaneous and forced activity at different temperatures. The rate of oxygen consumption and heart rate increased significantly with reduction in [Mg(2+)](HL) over the entire temperature range investigated in E. latreillei. In H. araneus, an increase in metabolic and heart rates compared with control values was found only at temperatures below 2 degrees C. Forced and spontaneous activity levels increased significantly in the group of [Mg(2+)](HL)-reduced animals below 0 degrees C, at which control animals were mostly inactive. At a reduced [Mg(2+)](HL) of 5–12 mmol l(−)(1), which is the [Mg(2+)](HL) of caridean shrimps in the Southern Ocean, Q(10) and activation energy were reduced for all these variables and extended the temperature range over which physiological functions were maintained. We suggest that the high [Mg(2+)](HL) in Reptantia causes relaxation of the animals and reduces their scope for activity, especially at temperatures below 0 degrees C. The hypothesis that the synergistic effects of high [Mg(2+)](HL) and low temperature probably prevented the Reptantia from recolonizing the permanently cold water of polar areas is discussed.

scholarly journals Oxygen Consumption During the Metamorphosis of the Parasitic Lamprey, Lampetra Fluviatilis (L.) and Its Non-Parasitic Derivative, Lampetra Planeri (Bloch)

1977 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-198
Author(s):  
S. V. LEWIS ◽  
I. C. POTTER
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Lampetra Fluviatilis ◽  
Ventilatory Frequency ◽  
Secondary Sexual Characters ◽  
Lampetra Planeri ◽  
Slow Rise ◽  
The Mean

1. Standard oxygen consumption has been measured during the six stages of metamorphosis in both the anadromous parasitic lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis, and in its non-parasitic derivative, Lampetra planeri. 1. Standard oxygen consumption has been measured during the six stages of metamorphosis in both the anadromous parasitic lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis, and in its non-parasitic derivative, Lampetra planeri. 2. At 10 °C, the standard rates in larval L. planeri and L. fluviatilis of metamorphosing size were 20.3 and 29.3 μl g−1 h−1 respectively. 3. After a slow rise in oxygen consumption during the initial stages of metamorphosis, the rates reached 50.5 and 60.4 μl g−1 h−1 at stage of 6 of L. planeri and L. fluviatilis respectively. 4. Following the completion of metamorphosis in L. planeri and the development of secondary sexual characters, the mean rate in males rose to 73.3 μl g−1 h−1 compared with a decline in females to 44.1 μl g−1 h−1. 5. Although no circadian rhythm was detectable in the oxygen consumption of larvae, an elevation in the metabolic rate was present during darkness in L. fluviatilis at the end of metamorphosis. 6. Standard oxygen consumption and ventilatory frequency were influenced greatly by temperature, e.g. values for stage 6 of L. fluviatilis rose from 24.3 μl g−1 h−1 and 33.0 beats min−1 at 5 °C to 103.8 μl g−1 h−1 and 98.2 beats min−1 at 15 °C. 7. The results are discussed in the context of the radical changes taking place during metamorphosis and in terms of the differences between larvae and adult and between the life cycles of parasitic and non-parasitic lampreys.

Heart rate as an indicator of oxygen consumption: influence of body condition in the king penguin

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (12) ◽  
pp. 2133-2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Froget ◽  
P. J. Butler ◽  
Y. Handrich ◽  
A. J. Woakes
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Oxygen Pulse ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY The use of heart rate to estimate field metabolic rate has become a more widely used technique. However, this method also has some limitations, among which is the possible impact that several variables such as sex, body condition (i.e. body fat stores) and/or inactivity might have on the relationship between heart rate and rate of oxygen consumption. In the present study, we investigate the extent to which body condition can affect the use of heart rate as an indicator of the rate of oxygen consumption. Twenty-two breeding king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) were exercised on a variable-speed treadmill. These birds were allocated to four groups according to their sex and whether or not they had been fasting. Linear regression equations were used to describe the relationship between heart rate and the rate of oxygen consumption for each group. There were significant differences between the regression equations for the four groups. Good relationships were obtained between resting and active oxygen pulses and an index of the body condition of the birds. Validation experiments on six courting king penguins showed that the use of a combination of resting oxygen pulse and active oxygen pulse gave the best estimate of the rate of oxygen consumption V̇O2. The mean percentage error between predicted and measured V̇O2 was only +0.81% for the six birds. We conclude that heart rate can be used to estimate rate of oxygen consumption in free-ranging king penguins even over a small time scale (30min). However, (i) the type of activity of the bird must be known and (ii) the body condition of the bird must be accurately determined. More investigations on the impact of fasting and/or inactivity on this relationship are required to refine these estimates further.

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