A system for simulating structural intrusion in automobile full-frontal and frontal-offset crashes in the laboratory sled test environment

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (5) ◽  
pp. 325-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
C R Bass ◽  
J R Crandall ◽  
E Dekel ◽  
A Jordan ◽  
W D Pilkey
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Sled Test ◽  
Acceleration Pulse ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Test Impact ◽  
Sled System

A sled system capable of producing structural intrusion in the footwell region of an automobile has been developed. The system couples the hydraulic decelerator of the sled to actuator pistons attached to the toepan and floorpan structure of the buck. Characterization of the footwell intrusion event is based on developing a toepan pulse analogous to the acceleration pulse used to characterize sled and vehicle decelerations. Sled tests with the system indicate that it is capable of accurately and repeatably simulating toepan/floorpan intrusion into the occupant footwell. Test results, including a comparison of lower extremity response between intrusion sled tests and no intrusion sled tests, indicate that this system is capable of repeatable, controlled structural intrusion during a sled test impact. Test results also suggest that lower extremity forcing during footwell intrusion is significantly larger than such forcing with no intrusion, and that response and risk of injury for occupants in frontal or frontal-offset crashes are more severe.

scholarly journals Mechanical characterization of composites polyester moulding reinforced waste metal lathes with standard ASTM D 638-lll modification

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iswandi Idris ◽  
Ruri Aditya Sari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Impact Test ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Elastic Behaviour ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Proportional Limit ◽  
Voltage Level ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Test Impact

Scope and Objectives of this research are: To improve the mechanical characteristics of polyester composite fabricated waste metal lathe and Styrofoam through tensile test, compression test, impact test, obtain a new note for developing new composite materials by use wastemetal lathe and plastic waste Styrofoam in order not to waste. from the test results obtained tensile strength 0.66 kg f/ mm2, greatest moment 5,490 kg f.m, greatest stress 1.93 kg f/ mm2, strain 0.17093 m/m and bending angle 167.64. The breakpoints of the composite specimen in which the waste lathe located is at 0.65, the elastic behaviour seen from the number 0 to the 1.06 proportional limit, then at the voltage level 1.1 of the plastic behaviour and the 1.633 level has undergone plastic deformation until the breakpoints. The charphy impact implies 110 (J / mm 2). From the experimental results showed that the composite fabric waste has good mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Characterisation and Properties of Recycled Craft Shell Powder/Epoxy Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 11766-11770
Keyword(s):  
Impact Test ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flexural Test ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Filler Reinforcement ◽  
Particulate Filler ◽  
Test Impact ◽  
Shell Powder

The properties of polymer composites can be tailor made by incorporating suitable filler and fiber as a reinforcement in the polymer matrix. In this work, craft shell powder had been used a natural filler in the Epoxy resin and the composites were prepared at various proportions(4%, 8%, 12%, 16% and 20%) of craft shell powder using hand layup method. The specimens were subjected to various mechanical testing such as tensile test, flexural test, impact test as per ASTM standards. The test results revealed that particulate filler reinforcement resulted in marginal increase in tensile strength but the properties decrease at higher volume fraction of the fiber. But, the values of mechanical moduli had shown better improvement due to filler addition. SEM images were taken to analyse the interfacial bonding between the matrix and filler particles.

Manipulate Me

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-562
Author(s):  
Alica Thissen ◽  
Frank M. Spinath ◽  
Nicolas Becker
Keyword(s):  
High School Students ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Item Difficulty ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Response Elimination ◽  
School Students ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Construction Task

Abstract. The cube construction task represents a novel format in the assessment of spatial ability through mental cube rotation tasks. Instead of selecting the correct answer from several response options, respondents construct their own response in a computerized test environment, leading to a higher demand for spatial ability. In the present study with a sample of 146 German high-school students, we tested an approach to manipulate the item difficulties in order to create items with a greater difficulty range. Furthermore, we compared the cube task in a distractor-free and a distractor-based version while the item stems were held identical. The average item difficulty of the distractor-free format was significantly higher than in the distractor-based format ( M = 0.27 vs. M = 0.46) and the distractor-free format showed a broader range of item difficulties (.02 ≤  pi ≤ .95 vs. .37 ≤  pi ≤ .63). The analyses of the test results also showed that the distractor-free format had a significantly higher correlation with a broad intelligence test ( r = .57 vs. r = .17). Reasons for the higher convergent validity of the distractor-free format (prevention of response elimination strategies and the broader range of item difficulties) and further research possibilities are discussed.

Optimization and characterization of flavonoids extracted from Cannabis sativa fibers

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110277
Author(s):  
Qilu Cui ◽  
Jiawei Li ◽  
Chongwen Yu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Hemp Fiber ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Structure Surface ◽  
Degumming Process

In this paper, the extraction process of flavonoids from hemp fibers was studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) analysis of the extraction parameters indicated that optimized results would be ethanol concentration 76 vol.%, bath ratio 1:50, and reaction time 139 min; therefore, an optimal extraction rate of flavonoids of 0.2275% can be obtained. The chemical structure, surface morphology and element composition of flavonoid extracts were analyzed. The test results indicated that hemp extract contains flavonoids, which can be used to extract flavonoids from hemp fiber, so as to comprehensively develop hemp fiber and reduce the discharge of waste liquid in the traditional degumming process.

scholarly journals Design and Experimental Characterization of L-CADEL v2, an Assistive Device for Elbow Motion

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5149
Author(s):  
Marco Ceccarelli ◽  
Mykhailo Riabtsev ◽  
Axel Fort ◽  
Matteo Russo ◽  
Med Amine Laribi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Operating Performance ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Experimental Characterization ◽  
Elbow Motion ◽  
Laboratory Prototype

An experimental characterization is presented for an improved version of a wearable assistive device for elbow motion. The design is revised with respect to requirements for elbow motion assistance, looking at applications both in rehabilitation therapies and exercising of elderly people. A laboratory prototype is built with lightweight, portable, easy-to-use features that are verified with test results, whose discussion is also provided as a characterization of operating performance.

scholarly journals Dynamic Analysis and Control of an Automatic Transmission for Start-Stop Function and Efficiency Improvement

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Shuhan Wang ◽  
Peng Dong ◽  
Xiangyang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Automatic Transmission ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Oil Pump ◽  
And Control

An electric oil pump (EOP) was integrated into the hydraulic system and an automatic transmission (AT) mechanical oil pump (MOP) was downsized. These processes were performed to combine a start-stop function with the AT and further improve the transmission efficiency. Furthermore, this study established a dynamics model of power loss and leakage of an 8-speed AT; a flow-based control algorithm of the EOP was then developed to realize the start-stop function and support the MOP to meet the flow requirement of the system. Based on a driving simulation method, sizes of the MOP and EOP that ensured optimal fuel economy were selected. A control strategy for the starting clutch was also developed to minimize the starting delay of the test vehicle. A test environment on a rig and prototype vehicle was established to verify the feasibility of the proposed control strategies. The test results indicated that the transmission functioned favorably with the novel two-pump system presented, and a quick and smooth starting performance was achieved when the engine was restarted. The findings in this study are extremely valuable for forward designs of an AT for realizing start-stop function and improving efficiency.

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