Nox emission control in gas turbines for combined cycle gas turbine plant

1997 ◽  
Vol 211 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J Moore
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Liquid Fuels ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion

The increase, in recent years, in the size and efficiency of gas turbines burning natural gas in combined cycle has occurred against a background of tightening environmental legislation on the emission of nitrogen oxides. The higher turbine entry temperatures required for efficiency improvement tend to increase NOx production. First-generation emission control systems involved water injection and catalytic reduction and were relatively expensive to operate. Dry low-NOx combustion systems have therefore been developed but demand more primary air for combustion. This gives added incentive to the reduction of air requirements for cooling the combustor and turbine blading. This paper reviews the various approaches adopted by the main gas turbine manufacturers which are achieving very low levels of NOx emission from natural gas combustion. Further developments, however, are necessary for liquid fuels.

NOx Emission Control in Gas Turbines

2011 ◽  
Vol 66-68 ◽  
pp. 319-321
Author(s):  
Tian Gang Zhang ◽  
Xiao Yun Hou
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Environmental Legislation ◽  
Heat Management ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Active Systems ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion

The increase, in recent years, in the size and efficiency of gas turbines burning natural gas in combined cycle has occurred against a background of tightening environmental legislation on the emission of nitrogen oxides. The higher turbine entry temperatures required for efficiency improvement tend to increase NOX production. To reduce NOX emissions, new engine core configurations with heat management and active systems, as well as advanced combustor technology, have to be investigated. This paper reviews the various approaches adopted by the main gas turbine manufacturers which are achieving low levels of NOX emission from natural gas combustion.

Experimental Study on Low Load Operation Range Extension by Autothermal On-Board Syngas Generation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max H. Baumgärtner ◽  
Thomas Sattelmayer
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Mass Flow ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion

Volatile renewable energy sources induce power supply fluctuations. These need to be compensated by flexible conventional power plants. Gas turbines in combined cycle power plants adjust the power output quickly but their turn-down ratio is limited by the slow reaction kinetics which lead to CO and unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions. To extend the turn-down ratio, part of the fuel can be converted to syngas, which exhibits a higher reactivity. By an increasing fraction of syngas in the fuel, the reactivity of the mixture is increased and total fuel mass-flow and the power output can be reduced. An Autothermal On-board Syngas Generator in combination with two different burner concepts for natural gas/syngas mixtures was presented in a previous study [1]. The study at hand shows a mass-flow variation of the reforming process with mass-flows which allow for pure syngas combustion and further improvements of the two burner concepts which result in a more application-oriented operation. The first of the two burner concepts comprises a generic swirl stage with a central lance for syngas injection. Syngas is injected with swirl to avoid a negative impact on the total swirl intensity and non-swirled. The second concept includes a central swirl stage with an outer ring of jets. For this burner, syngas is injected in both stages to avoid NOx emissions from the swirl stage. Increased NOx emissions produced by natural gas combustion of the swirl pilot was reported in last year’s paper. For both burners, combustion performance is analyzed by OH*-chemiluminescence and gaseous emissions. The lowest possible adiabatic flame temperature without a significant increase of CO emissions was 170 K – 210 K lower for the syngas compared to low load pure natural gas combustion. This corresponds to a decrease of 15–20 % in terms of thermal power.

Efficiency Analysis of Gas Turbine Combined-Cycle Fed with Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) and Mixture of Syngas and SNG

2015 ◽  
Vol 656-657 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Hsiu Mei Chiu ◽  
Po Chuang Chen ◽  
Yau Pin Chyou ◽  
Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Steam Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
System Level ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Synthetic Natural Gas ◽  
System Level Simulation

The effect of synthetic natural gas (SNG) and mixture of syngas and SNG fed to Natural Gas Combined-Cycle (NGCC) plants is presented in this study via a system-level simulation model. The commercial chemical process simulator, Pro/II®V8.1.1, was used in the study to build the analysis model. The NGCC plant consists of gas turbine (GT), heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) and steam turbine (ST). The study envisages two analyses as the basic and feasibility cases. The former is the benchmark case which is verified by the reference data with the GE 7FB gas turbine. According to vendor’s specification, the typical net plant efficiency of GE 7FB NGCC with two gas turbines to one steam turbine is 57.5% (LHV), and the efficiency is the benchmark in the simulation model built in the study. The latter introduces a feasibility study with actual parameters in Taiwan. The SNG-fed GE 7FB based combined-cycle is evaluated, and the mixture of SNG and syngas is also evaluated to compare the difference of overall performance between the two cases. The maximum ratio of syngas to SNG is 0.14 due to the constraint for keeping the composition of methane at a value of 80 mol%, to meet the minimum requirement of NG in Taiwan. The results show that the efficiency in either case of SNG or mixture of SNG and syngas is slightly lower than the counterpart in the benchmark one. Because the price of natural gas is much higher than that of coal, it results in higher idle capacity of NGCC. The advantage of adopting SNG in Taiwan is that it could increase the capacity factor of combined-cycles in Taiwan. The study shows a possible way to use coal and reduce the CO2emission, since coal provides nearly half of the electricity generation in Taiwan in recent years.

scholarly journals Development of Granular Catalysts and Natural Gas Combustion Technology for Small Gas Turbine Power Plants

Gas Turbines ◽  
10.5772/10208 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.R. Ismagilov ◽  
M.A. Kerzhentsev ◽  
S.A. Yashnik ◽  
N.V. Shikina ◽  
A.N. Zagoruiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Gas Combustion ◽  
Combustion Technology ◽  
Natural Gas Combustion

Ultra Low Emissions Combustion and Control Systems: Installation Into Mature Power Plant Gas Turbines

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Benoit ◽  
Charles Ellis ◽  
Joseph Cook
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Combustion Systems ◽  
Regulatory Mandates ◽  
Technical Discussion

The search for power plant sustainability options continues as regulating agencies exert more stringent industrial gas turbine emission requirements on operators. Purchasing power for resale, de-comissioning current capabilities altogether and repowering by replacing or converting existing equipment to comply with emissions standards are economic-driven options contemplated by many mature gas turbine operators. One Las Vegas Nevada, USA operator, NV Energy, with four (4) natural gas fired W501B6 Combined Cycle units at their Edward W. Clark Generating Station, was in this situation in 2006. The units, originally configured with diffusion flame combustion systems, were permitted at 103 ppm NOx with regulatory mandates to significantly reduce NOx emissions to below 5ppm by the end of 2009. Studies were conducted by the operator to evaluate the economic viability of using a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system, which would have forced significant modifications to the exhaust system and heat recovery steam generator (HRSG), or convert the turbines to operate with dry low-emissions combustion systems. Based on life cycle cost and installation complexity, the ultra-low emission combustion system was selected. This technical paper focuses on a short summary of the end user considerations in downselecting options, the ultra low emissions technology and key features employed to achieve these low emissions, an overview of the conversion scope and a review and description of the control technology employed. Finally, a technical discussion of the low emissions operational flexibility will be provided including performance results of the converted units.

Performance and Cost Analysis of Advanced Gas Turbine Cycles With Precombustion CO2 Capture

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Hoffmann ◽  
Michael Bartlett ◽  
Matthias Finkenrath ◽  
Andrei Evulet ◽  
Tord Peter Ursin
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Co2 Separation ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents the results of an evaluation of advanced combined cycle gas turbine plants with precombustion capture of CO2 from natural gas. In particular, the designs are carried out with the objectives of high efficiency, low capital cost, and low emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. The novel cycles introduced in this paper are comprised of a high-pressure syngas generation island, in which an air-blown partial oxidation reformer is used to generate syngas from natural gas, and a power island, in which a CO2-lean syngas is burnt in a large frame machine. In order to reduce the efficiency penalty of natural gas reforming, a significant effort is spent evaluating and optimizing alternatives to recover the heat released during the process. CO2 is removed from the shifted syngas using either CO2 absorbing solvents or a CO2 membrane. CO2 separation membranes, in particular, have the potential for considerable cost or energy savings compared with conventional solvent-based separation and benefit from the high-pressure level of the syngas generation island. A feasibility analysis and a cycle performance evaluation are carried out for large frame gas turbines such as the 9FB. Both short-term and long-term solutions have been investigated. An analysis of the cost of CO2 avoided is presented, including an evaluation of the cost of modifying the combined cycle due to CO2 separation. The paper describes a power plant reaching the performance targets of 50% net cycle efficiency and 80% CO2 capture, as well as the cost target of 30$ per ton of CO2 avoided (2006 Q1 basis). This paper indicates a development path to this power plant that minimizes technical risks by incremental implementation of new technology.

Design and Testing of an Ultra-Low NOx Gas Turbine Combustor

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth O. Smith ◽  
Leonard C. Angello ◽  
F. Richard Kurzynske
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Combustion System ◽  
Gas Turbine Combustor ◽  
Program Goal ◽  
Primary Zone ◽  
Design And Testing

The design and initial rig testing of an ultra-low NOx gas turbine combustor primary zone are described. A lean premixed, swirl-stabilized combustor was evaluated over a range of pressures up to 10.7 × 105 Pa (10.6 atm) using natural gas. The program goal of reducing NOx emissions to 10 ppm (at 15% O2) with coincident low CO emissions was achieved at all combustor pressure levels. Appropriate combustor loading for ultra-low NOx operation was determined through emissions sampling within the primary zone. The work described represents a first step in developing an advanced gas turbine combustion system that can yield ultra-low NOx levels without the need for water injection and selective catalytic reduction.

Aeroderivative Combined Heat and Power Fundementals and Applications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
James DiCampli
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Draft Guidance ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Exhaust Heat

Combined heat and power (CHP), is an application that utilizes the exhaust heat generated from a gas turbine and converts it into a useful energy source for heating & cooling, or additional electric generation in combined cycle configurations. Compared to simple-cycle plants with no heat recovery, CHP plants emit fewer greenhouse gasses and other emissions, while generating significantly more useful energy per unit of fuel consumed. Clean plants are easier to permit, build and operate. Because of these advantages, Aeroderivative gas turbines will be a major part of global CHP growth, particularly in China. In order to improve energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions, China is working to build ∼1000 new plants of Natural Gas Distributed Energy System (NG-DES) in the next five years. These plants will replace conventional coal-fired plants with combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) systems. China power segments require an extensive steam supply for cooling, heating and industrial process steam demands, as well as higher peak loads due to high population densities and manufacturing growth rates. GE Energy Aero recently entered the CCHP segment in China, and supported the promotion of codes and standards for NG-DES policy, and is developing optimized CCHP gas turbine packages to meet requirements. This paper reviews those policies and requirements, and presents technical case studies on CCHP applications. Appendix B highlights China’s draft “Guidance Opinions on Developing Natural-Gas Distributed Energy.”

scholarly journals Gas Turbines and Natural Gas Synergism

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (02) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Lee S. Langston
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Energy Information Administration ◽  
Gas Fueled

This article presents a study on new electric power gas turbines and the advent of shale natural gas, which now are upending electrical energy markets. Energy Information Administration (EIA) results show that total electrical production cost for a conventional coal plant would be 9.8 cents/kWh, while a conventional natural gas fueled gas turbine combined cycle plant would be a much lower at 6.6 cents/kWh. Furthermore, EIA estimates that 70% of new US power plants will be fueled by natural gas. Gas turbines are the prime movers for the modern combined cycle power plant. On the natural gas side of the recently upended electrical energy markets, new shale gas production and the continued development of worldwide liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities provide the other element of synergism. The US natural gas prices are now low enough to compete directly with coal. The study concludes that the natural gas fueled gas turbine will continue to be a growing part of the world’s electric power generation.

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