Effects of Exercise Training Intensity on Cardiometabolic Risk in Women with the Metabolic Syndrome with or without Hypertension

The serum level of uric acid (UA) appears to be associated with a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors; however, direct association with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum levels of UA and the components that define MetS, differentiated by gender. 262 patients were enrolled (132 women and 130 men); mean value of the age: 58.7�16 year. Hyperuricemia was considered when the level of serum UA �7mg/dL in men, and � 6mg/dL in women; MetS was defined according to the IDF criteria. The prevalence of MetS in the studied group was 35.11% and the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 16.79%. Men with hyperuricemia had the highest prevalence of abdominal obesity (87.5% vs. 66.32%, p [0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (65.62% vs. 45.91%, p [ 0.001) versus men with normal level of serum UA. Women with hyperuricemia also had a significantly higher incidence of abdominal obesity (75% vs. 57.51%, p [0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (58.33% vs. 38.33%, p [0.001), decreased HDL (50% vs. 33.33%, p [0.001) and hyperglycemia (66.66% versus 50%, p [0.001) compared to those with normal levels of serum UA. The majority of men with hyperuricemia have more than 4 of the MetS components. Hyperuricemia had a higher prevalence in patients with MetS, it may be considered as a causal factor of MetS. Elevated levels of serum uric acid were significantly more associated with the increasing number of MetS components. Early detection and treatment of hyperuricemia is essential for preventing the metabolic syndrome and its complications.

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Association of intraocular pressure with the metabolic syndrome and novel cardiometabolic risk factors

Eye ◽

10.1038/eye.2009.247 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 1037-1043 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Y C Chang ◽

J-W Lin ◽

L C Wang ◽

H M Chen ◽

J J Hwang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

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A stepwise approach to assess the impact of clustering cardiometabolic risk factors on carotid intima-media thickness: the metabolic syndrome no-more-than-additive

European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation ◽

10.1097/hjr.0b013e3282f17bc3 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 190-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Gian Paolo Fadini ◽

Anna Coracina ◽

Sandro Inchiostro ◽

Antonio Tiengo ◽

Angelo Avogaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Intima Media Thickness ◽

Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Stepwise Approach ◽

Media Thickness ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

The Impact

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Impact of different definitions of the metabolic syndrome on the prevalence of organ damage, cardiometabolic risk and cardiovascular events

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/hjh.0b013e328337a9e3 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 999-1006 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Giuseppe Mancia ◽

Michele Bombelli ◽

Rita Facchetti ◽

Anna Casati ◽

Irene Ronchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Events ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Organ Damage ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Biological Research For Nursing ◽

10.1177/1099800420958068 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 109980042095806 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Heidar Alizaei Yousefabadi ◽

Arghavan Niyazi ◽

Sahar Alaee ◽

Mehrdad Fathi ◽

Gholam Rasul Mohammad Rahimi

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Inflammatory Markers ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Future Research ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Inflammatory Status ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Training Impact

Background: Increments in inflammatory indicators and low levels of physical activity are correlated to the expansion of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Objective: The purpose of this study was to establish if exercise training ameliorates inflammatory status in MetS patients. Data sources: PubMed, CINAHL, and Medline, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases and reference lists of included studies were searched. Study selection: Twenty randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise-training impact on inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL) 6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-18) with concurrent control groups were included in this analysis. Results: Results demonstrated an overall significant decrease in serum levels of TNF-α (mean difference (MD): −1.21 pg/ml; 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.77, −0.66), CRP (MD: −0.52 mg/l; 95% CI: −0.79, −0.25), IL-8 (MD: −1.31 pg/ml; 95% CI: −2.57, −0.06), and a significant increase in IL-10 (MD: 0.48 pg/ml; 95% CI: 0.10, 0.86). But exercise training did not change the level of IL-6 (MD: −0.69 pg/ml; 95% CI: −1.53, 0.14) and IL-18 (MD: −53.01 pg/ml; 95% CI: −166.64, 60.62). Conclusion: Exercise training improves TNF-α, CRP, IL-8, and IL-10 levels in patients with MetS. For some variables, isolated aerobic exercise, and combined aerobic and resistance exercise appears to be optimal. Future research is needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying exercise training’s effect on this population’s inflammatory markers. More studies are required to confirm these findings.

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From the metabolic syndrome to the concept of global cardiometabolic risk

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2009.28606 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 150 (18) ◽

pp. 821-829 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Judit Nádas ◽

György Jermendy

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Adult Population ◽

Continuous Treatment ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Although the clustering of cardiovascular risk factors is unquestionable, the clinical significance of the metabolic syndrome as a distinct entity has been debated in the past years. Recently, the term ‘metabolic syndrome’ has been replaced by ‘global cardiometabolic risk’ which implies cardiovascular risk factors beyond the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome can be frequently detected among people in western and developing countries affecting 25-30% of adult population, and its prevalence rate is increasing. Prospective studies show that the metabolic syndrome is a significant predictor of incident diabetes but has a weaker association with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. At the same time the metabolic syndrome is inferior to established predicting models for either type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease.The underlying pathomechanism of the metabolic syndrome is still poorly understood. The role of insulin resistance – although not as a single factor – is still considered as a key component. In the last decade the importance of abdominal obesity has received increased attention but some studies, mainly in the Asian population, showed that central obesity is not an essential component of the syndrome. Regardless of the theoretical debates the practical implications are indisputable. The frequent clustering of hypertension, dyslipidaemia and glucose intolerance, that often accompanies central obesity, can not be ignored. Following the detection of one risk factor, the presence of other, traditional and non-traditional factors should be searched for, as the beneficial effect of intensive, target oriented, continuous treatment of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors has been proven in both the short and long term.

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High TSH Level within Normal Range Is Associated with Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension, Inflammation, Hypercoagulability, and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Novel Cardiometabolic Marker

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8060817 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 817 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yi-Cheng Chang ◽

Shih-Che Hua ◽

Chia-Hsuin Chang ◽

Wei-Yi Kao ◽

Hsiao-Lin Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Fasting Glucose ◽

Reference Group ◽

Elevated Blood ◽

Normal Range ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

(1) Background: Overt and subclinical hypothyroidism has been associated with increased cardiometabolic risks. Here we further explore whether thyroid function within normal range is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in a large population-based study. (2) Methods: We screened 24,765 adults participating in health examinations in Taiwan. Participants were grouped according to high-sensitive thyroid-stimulating hormone (hsTSH) level as: <50th percentile (0.47–1.48 mIU/L, the reference group), 50–60th percentile (1.49–1.68 mIU/L), 60–70th percentile (1.69–1.94 mIU/L), 70–80th percentile (1.95–2.3 mIU/L), 80–90th percentile (2.31–2.93 mIU/L), and >90th percentile (>2.93 mIU/L). Cardiometabolic traits of each percentile were compared with the reference group. (3) Results: Elevated hsTSH levels within normal range were dose-dependently associated with increased body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumferences, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high homeostasis model of assessment of beta-cell (HOMA-β), triglycerides, total cholesterols, fibrinogen, and uric acids (p-for-trend <0.001), but not with fasting glucose levels. The association remained significant after adjustment of age, sex, and lifestyle. As compared to the reference group, subjects with the highest hsTSH percentile had significantly increased risk of being overweight (adjusted odds ratio (adjOR): 1.35), increased body fat (adjOR: 1.29), central obesity (adjOR: 1.36), elevated blood pressure (adjOR: 1.26), high HbA1c (adjOR: 1.20), hyperinsulinemia (adjOR: 1.75), increased HOMA-IR (adjOR: 1.45), increased HOMA-β (adjOR: 1.40), hypertriglyceridemia (adjOR: 1.60), hypercholesterolemia (adjOR: 1.25), elevated hsCRP (adjOR: 1.34), increased fibrinogen (adjOR: 1.45), hyperuricemia (adjOR: 1.47), and metabolic syndrome (adjOR: 1.42), but significant risk of low fasting glucose (adjOR: 0.89). Mediation analysis indicates that insulin resistance mediates the majority of the association between thyroid hormone status and the metabolic syndrome. (4) Conclusion: Elevated hsTSH within the normal range is a cardiometabolic risk marker associated with central obesity, insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, inflammation, and hypercoagulability.

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