scholarly journals The role of endothelial function in the pathogenesis of coronary spasm in humans : Physiol1ogical and pathophysiological roles of vascular endothelium-derived vasoactive substance

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (SupplementV) ◽  
pp. 1319-1323
Author(s):  
Kensuke Egashira ◽  
Tetsuzi Inou ◽  
Akira Yamada ◽  
Yoshitaka Hirooka ◽  
Akira Takeshita
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Coronary Spasm ◽  
Vasoactive Substance

scholarly journals Reduced Flow-Mediated Dilatation Is Not Related to COVID-19 Severity Three Months after Hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1318
Author(s):  
Marianne Riou ◽  
Walid Oulehri ◽  
Cedric Momas ◽  
Olivier Rouyer ◽  
Fabienne Lebourg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Vascular Effect ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilatation ◽  
Artery Flow

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread rapidly worldwide, with more than two million deaths. Evidence indicates the critical role of the vascular endothelium in its pathophysiology but, like potential changes in functional vasodilation, the vascular effect of SARS-CoV-2 at a given distance from the acute infection is largely unknown. We assessed brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) in 27 COVID-19 patients needing conventional or intensive care unit hospitalization, three months after SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis and in nine age- and sex- matched control subjects. Interestingly, the FMD was lower in COVID-19 patients as compared to controls (8.2 (7.2–8.9) vs. 10.3 (9.1–11.7)); p = 0.002, and half of the hospitalized COVID-19 survivors presented with a reduced FMD < 8% at three months of COVID-19 onset. Impaired FMD was not associated with severe or critical SARS-CoV-2 infection, reflected by ICU hospitalization, total hospitalization duration, or severity of lung damage. In conclusion, reduced FMD is often observed even three months after hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but such alteration predominantly appears to not be related to COVID-19 severity. Longer and larger follow-up studies will help to clarify the potential prognosis value of FMD among COVID-19 patients, as well as to further determine the mechanisms involved.

Role of Adhesion Molecules and Vascular Endothelium in the Pathogenesis of Sickle Cell Disease

Hematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn J. Telen
Keyword(s):  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Adhesive Interactions ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

AbstractA number of lines of evidence now support the hypothesis that vaso-occlusion and several of the sequelae of sickle cell disease (SCD) arise, at least in part, from adhesive interactions of sickle red blood cells, leukocytes, and the endothelium. Both experimental and genetic evidence provide support for the importance of these interactions. It is likely that future therapies for SCD might target one or more of these interactions.

The Role of Quinapril in the Presence of a Weight Loss Regimen: Endothelial Function and Markers of Obesity in Patients With the Metabolic Syndrome

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer Nagamia ◽  
Anbu Pandian ◽  
Faiz Cheema ◽  
Rama Natarajan ◽  
Qamar A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Clinical Assessment of Endothelial Function in Convalescent COVID-19 Patients Undergoing Multidisciplinary Pulmonary Rehabilitation

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 614
Author(s):  
Pasquale Ambrosino ◽  
Antonio Molino ◽  
Ilenia Calcaterra ◽  
Roberto Formisano ◽  
Silvia Stufano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Pulmonary Rehabilitation ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Inclusion Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dependent Flow

Background: Growing evidence points to a key role of endothelial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this study, we evaluated changes in endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in a cohort of convalescent COVID-19 patients undergoing pulmonary rehabilitation (PR). Methods: After swab test negativization, convalescent COVID-19 patients referring to a post-acute care facility for PR were consecutively screened for inclusion. Study procedures were performed at the time of hospitalization and discharge. Results: We enrolled 82 convalescent COVID-19 patients (85.4% males, mean age 60.4 years). After PR, a significant improvement in most pulmonary function tests and exercise capacity was documented. FMD changed from 2.48% ± 2.01 to 4.24% ± 2.81 (p < 0.001), corresponding to a 70.9% increase. Significantly higher changes in FMD were found in patients without a history of vascular events as compared to those with (+2.04% ± 2.30 vs. +0.61% ± 1.83, p = 0.013). Values of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%), forced vital capacity (FVC%) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO%) significantly and directly correlated with FMD both at baseline and after PR. Patients with normal FEV1% (≥80% predicted) during the overall study period or those normalizing FEV1% after PR showed a more significant FMD change as compared to patients with persistently impaired FEV1% (<80% predicted) (p for trend = 0.029). This finding was confirmed in a multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Clinically evaluated endothelial function improves after PR in convalescent COVID-19 patients. A direct and persistent association between the severity of pulmonary and vascular disease can be hypothesized. Endothelial function testing may be useful in the follow-up of convalescent COVID-19 patients.

Behavioral and biochemical investigations to explore the efficacy of quercetin and folacin in experimental diabetes induced vascular endothelium dysfunction and associated dementia in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poonam Sharma ◽  
Khushboo Aggarwal ◽  
Rajendra Awasthi ◽  
Giriraj T. Kulkarni ◽  
Bhupesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Reversal Learning ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Endothelium Dysfunction

Abstract Objectives Vascular dementia (VaD), being strongly associated with metabolic conditions is a major health concern around the world. Diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of VaD. This study investigates the efficacy of quercetin and folacin in diabetes induced vascular endothelium dysfunction and related dementia. Methods Single dose streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg i.p) was administered to albino Wistar rats (male, 200–250 g) by dissolving in citrate buffer. Morris water maze (MWM) and attentional set shifting tests were used to assess the spatial learning, memory, reversal learning, and executive functioning in animals. Body weight, serum glucose, serum nitrite/nitrate, vascular endothelial function, aortic superoxide anion, brains’ oxidative markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive species-TBARS, reduced glutathione-GSH, superoxide dismutase-SOD, and catalase-CAT), mitochondrial enzyme complex (I, II, and IV), inflammatory markers (interleukin-IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-TNF-α, and myeloperoxidase-MPO), and acetylcholinesterase activity-AChE were also assessed. Quercetin (30 mg kg−1/60 mg kg−1) and folacin (30 mg kg−1/60 mg kg−1) were used as the treatment drugs. Donepezil (0.5 mg kg−1) was used as a positive control. Results STZ administered rats showed reduction in learning, memory, reversal learning, executive functioning, impairment in endothelial function, increase in brains’ oxidative stress; inflammation; AChE activity, and decrease in mitochondrial complex (I, II, and IV) activity. Administration of quercetin and folacin in two different doses, significantly attenuated the STZ induced diabetes induced impairments in the behavioral, endothelial, and biochemical parameters. Conclusions STZ administration caused diabetes and VaD which was attenuated by the administration of quercetin and folacin. Therefore, these agents may be studied further for the assessment of their full potential in diabetes induced VaD conditions.

Abstract 12770: The Significant Role of Endothelium and Arterial Wall Properties in Patients With Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Siasou ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Marilita M Moschos ◽  
Nikolaos Gouliopoulos ◽  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma

Introduction: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the most prevalent causes of irreversible blindness and is associated with endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PEG) is another type of glaucoma observed in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. It is characterized by the deposition of pseudoexfoliative material not only to the anterior segment of the eye, but also to the vessels, heart and other organs. Hypothesis: Endothelial function and arterial stiffness are impaired in patients with POAG and PEG supporting the significant role of vascular function impairment in the progression of the disease. Methods: Forty four POAG patients, 22 PEG and 38 healthy subjects (Cl) were included in this study. All subjects were free of cardiovascular or inflammatory diseases. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) was measured as an index of aortic stiffness and augmentation index (AIx) as a measure of arterial wave reflections Results: Between the three study groups CL, POAG, PEG there was no difference in age (67±10years vs. 70±9years vs. 66±12yeras, p=0.12) or prevalence of male sex (70% vs. 57% vs. 50%, p=0.21). Importantly, there was a linear impairment of FMD (7.35±2.77% vs. 6.58±3.18% vs. 4.88±3.29%, p=0.006), PWV (7.98±1.56m/sec vs. 9.20±1.84m/sec vs. 9.22±2.16m/sec, p=0.004) and AIx (21.29±8.77% vs. 25.14±5.71% vs. 28.20±8.75%, p=0.002) from CL to POAG and PEG. Interestingly post hoc test after Scheffe correction revealed also that PEG subjects had not only significantly impaired FMD, compared to control subjects, but also compared to POAG subjects (4.88±3.29% vs. 6.58±3.18%, p=0.02). Conclusions: Endothelial function and arterial stiffness are significantly impaired in patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. These findings shed some light in the pathophysiology of pseudoexfoliative glaucoma and support the theory that pseudoexfoliative fibrils may also accumulate and damage the arterial wall.

Abstract 112: A Pathological Role of Endothelial p53 in the Regulation of Endothelial Function and Glucose Metabolism

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masataka YOKOYAMA ◽  
Yoshio KOBAYASHI ◽  
Tohru MINAMINO
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Glucose Transporter ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Transporter 1 ◽  
P53 Activation

Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible growth arrest induced by various stresses such as oncogenic stimuli. This response is controlled by negative regulators of the cell cycle like the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Accumulating evidence has suggested a role of p53 activation in various age-associated conditions including atherosclerosis, heart failure and diabetes. Here we show that endothelial p53 activation plays a pathological role in the regulation of endothelial function and glucose metabolism under diabetic conditions. Endothelial expression of p53 was markedly up-regulated in a streptozotocin-induced diabetes model. Endothelial function such as acetylcholine-dependent vasodilatation was markedly impaired in this model. Although hyperglycemia was not altered, impairment of endothelial function was significantly improved in mice with endothelial cell-specific p53 deficiency. In same way, p53 was markedly activated in ischemic vessels, and endothelial p53 deficiency enhanced ischemia-induced angiogenesis. Mechanistically, endothelial p53 up-regulated the expression of PTEN that negatively regulated the Akt-eNOS pathway, and therefore disruption of p53 improved endothelial dysfunction. We also found that endothelial p53 was markedly activated, and the Akt-eNOS pathway was attenuated in a diet-induced obesity model. Disruption of endothelial p53 activation improved dietary inactivation of eNOS that up-regulated the expression of PGC-1α in skeletal muscle, thereby increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and oxygen consumption. Inhibition of endothelial p53 also improved dietary impairment of glucose transport into skeletal muscle by up-regulating endothelial expression of glucose transporter 1. Consequently, mice with endothelial cell-specific p53 deficiency fed a high-calorie diet showed improvement of insulin sensitivity and less fat accumulation compared with control littermates. These results indicate that endothelial p53 negatively regulates endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, ischemia-induced angiogenesis, and mitochondrial biogenesis by inhibiting the Akt-eNOS pathway and suggest that inhibition of endothelial p53 could be a novel therapeutic target in diabetic patients.

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