scholarly journals Measuring Vote-Selling: Field Evidence from the Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Hicken ◽  
Stephen Leider ◽  
Nico Ravanilla ◽  
Dean Yang
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Initial Preference ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Using Data

Using data from an anti-vote-buying field experiment we conducted in the Philippines, we report and validate a proxy measure for vote-selling. We demonstrate that our proxy measure, vote-switching, changes as expected with voter preferences and monetary offers from candidates. Voters are less likely to vote for someone different than their initial preference the larger the favorability rating difference between the preferred and alternative candidates. Similarly, vote-switching increases the more money the alternative candidate offers compared to the preferred candidates. We also describe the effects of the promise-based interventions on vote-switching, reported in full in a companion paper.

Association of Suicide Rates of Elderly Persons with Fertility Rates

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Shah
Keyword(s):  
Social Integration ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Proxy Measure ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Using Data

A negative correlation between societal suicide rates and social integration has been reported, but rarely specifically examined for suicide rates of the elderly although suicide rates of elderly persons are among the highest. The associations of suicide rates of elderly persons and fertility rates for 81 countries were examined using data from the World Health Organisation and United Nations. Fertility rates were considered a proxy measure for social integration. Multiple regression analysis indicated that suicide rates for males and females in the age bands 65–74 years and 75+ years were independently (negative) correlated with fertility rates. Fertility rates, as a measure of social integration, may interact with, modify and mediate the effect of cultural factors on suicide rates of elderly persons.

scholarly journals Temptation in Vote-Selling: Evidence from a Field Experiment in the Philippines

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Hicken ◽  
Stephen Leider ◽  
Nico Ravanilla ◽  
Dean Yang
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
The Philippines

Rejecting Ethnic Pandering in Urban Africa: A Survey Experiment on Voter Preferences in Nairobi, Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292110405
Author(s):  
Hye-Sung Kim ◽  
Jeremy Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Political Mobilization ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
Voter Preferences ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
Urban Africa ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Vignette Experiment

Ethnic pandering, in which candidates promise to cater to the interests of coethnic voters, is presumed to be an effective strategy for increasing electoral support in Africa’s emerging multiethnic democracies. However, ethnic political mobilization may be disdained by citizens for its divisive and polarizing effects, particularly in urban areas. As a result, pandering may fall on deaf ears among Africa’s urban voters. This study examines how voters in Kenya’s capital city, Nairobi, respond to ethnic pandering using data from a vignette experiment conducted in 2015 and a replication study implemented in 2016. Results show that respondents are more supportive of candidates who make ethnically inclusive rather than targeted appeals, regardless of whether the candidate is identified as a coethnic. We propose that the results are driven by a broad distaste among urban voters for parochial politics, rather than by strategic calculations related to candidate viability.

Citizen Approval of Monetary- vs Goods-For-Votes Exchanges

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mollie J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Representative Sample ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Need For Care ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
Question Wording ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Does citizen approval of vote buying depend on the type of benefit being offered? I answer this question using data from a survey experiment conducted on a nationally representative sample of Nicaraguans in 2017. Nicaraguans report significantly lower approval of money-for votes exchanges compared to goods-for-votes exchanges. Furthermore, reported rates of vote buying are lower in the money condition (4.8%) than in the goods-for-votes condition (7.8%), even though the posttreatment question assessing vote buying experience was identical across conditions. This study echoes other work suggesting the need for care in designing questions about vote buying, as slight changes in question wording that prime participants to think about goods versus monetary exchanges can affect both citizen approval of the behavior and the reported prevalence of vote buying.

scholarly journals Social Networks and the Targeting of Vote Buying

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesi Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Vote Buying ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Political Cooperation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Electoral Strategies ◽  
Established Democracies ◽  
Buying In

The social networks of voters have been shown to facilitate political cooperation and information transmission in established democracies. These same social networks, however, can also make it easier for politicians in new democracies to engage in clientelistic electoral strategies. Using survey data from the Philippines, this article demonstrates that individuals with more friend and family ties are disproportionately targeted for vote buying. This is consistent with the importance of other social factors identified in the literature such as reciprocity, direct ties to politicians, and individual social influence. In addition, this article presents evidence supporting an additional mechanism linking voter social networks to the targeting of vote buying: social network–based monitoring. Voters with larger networks are both more sensitive to the ramifications of reneging on vote buying agreements and are primarily targeted for vote buying in contexts where monitoring is necessary.

Do migrant remittances improve the quality of government? Evidence from the Philippines

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rollin F Tusalem
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Political Accountability ◽  
Migrant Remittances ◽  
Filipino Migrants ◽  
Using Data ◽  
National Governments

Migrant remittances have been linked to improving the quality of government and political accountability in the developing world. The argument is that migrants have the capacity to withhold remittances to their families when they deem that their local governments are blighted with corruption and bureaucratic inefficiency. Relatedly, migrants also empower citizens in sub-national regions by providing funds to family members who become less beholden to clientistic ties with political parties which concomitantly foster state-level corruption. Thus, relatives of migrants also become social agents who will increasingly expect better governmental performance and demand higher levels of political accountability at the sub-national level. Using data provided by the Philippine National Statistics Office and the National Statistical Coordinating Board of the Philippines (NSCB hereafter), the study provides empirical evidence that the number of migrants (by province) and the amount of remittances sent by migrants are positively associated with governmental effectiveness and higher levels of human development at the provincial level. It is also found that opportunistic shirking on the part of the sub-national governments is also not occurring, as remittances also induce provincial governments to spend more on their citizens, which will likely lead to better public goods provision. The overall findings imply that just like their counterparts from other developing countries, Filipino migrants are agents of democratic accountability.

International Training and the Digital Divide: Computer and Email Use in the Philippines

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley Shrum ◽  
Marcus Ynalvez
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Graduate Training ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Personal Privacy ◽  
Digital Inequality ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Formal Organizations ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Scientific System

AbstractWe describe digital technology utilization among knowledge producers who have experienced the alternative training structures. Using data from a face-to-face survey of Filipino scientists, we measure email utilization by scientists in terms of five aspects of access and use, and examine how they vary across place of graduate education. Our questions are: (1) How can we characterize peripheral scientists in terms of their contextual, personal, professional, and educational attributes? (2) How can we characterize their utilization of digital technology? (3) Are there indications that core-based graduate training translates into yet another significant dimension in digital inequality? Our finding suggests that the Philippine scientific system largely reflects the perspective of core-trained male scientists. Filipino scientists are able to utilize digital technology—personal computers, email, and the World Wide Web—but with important qualifications. While scientists at the core have the luxury of architectural, digital, and personal privacy in hardware-software-user interaction, such is not the case for Filipino scientists, who in general have to share digital resources in public spaces within formal organizations. Finally, place of graduation emerges as a new form shaping digital utilization and inequality. The diffusion of digital technology into peripheral scientific systems has been uneven along this newly emerging dimension. Digital inequality construed as simple hardware-software access and use is diminishing, but inequality at the level of advanced hardware-software interaction skills is fast emerging as a new dimension that encapsulates postcolonial relations in science.

scholarly journals The Rapid Adoption of Data-Driven Decision-Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Brynjolfsson ◽  
Kristina McElheran
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Data Driven Decision Making ◽  
Manufacturing Plants ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Large Representative ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Case Based

We provide a systematic empirical study of the diffusion and adoption patterns of data-driven decision making (DDD) in the U.S. Using data collected by the Census Bureau for a large representative sample of manufacturing plants, we find that DDD rates nearly tripled (11%-30%) between 2005 and 2010. This rapid diffusion, along with results from a companion paper, are consistent with case-based evidence that DDD tends to be productivity-enhancing. Yet certain plants are significantly more likely to adopt than others. Key correlates of adoption are size, presence of potential complements such as information technology and educated workers, and firm learning.

Vote Buying and Voter Preferences

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Stacey Taylor ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vote Buying ◽  
Voter Preferences

Performance of Broadband Seismic Network of the Philippines

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaldo A. Melosantos ◽  
◽  
Karl Vincent C. Soriano ◽  
Ponzch Colleen M. Alcones ◽  
Jose U. Pantig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Seismic Network ◽  
Network Development ◽  
Earthquake Parameters ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Data Gaps ◽  
Using Data

The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology implements a program on seismic and tsunami network development. It also plans to expand the Philippine seismic network (PSN), commission new stations, rehabilitate and improve existing stations, and repair and maintain the PSN. The PSN consists of 70 stations, 12 of which use broadband seismometers. Stations are strategically located to maximize the use of data from stations. The broadband seismic network is being developed to monitor earthquakes in and around the Philippines and to provide more accurate data for calculating earthquake parameters. Using data obtain from broadband records, the systemwill immediately calculate earthquake parameters useful for making decisions that provide highly accurate, timely warnings and information. PSN performance is evaluated in this study to ensure this. We consider background noise by analyzing station locations and conditions and their data contribution to SWIFT CMT solutions. We also use power spectral density (PSD) to compare station noise levels to global standards and study data gaps and their causes. Based on the above parameters and using a scale of poor-goodbest, the broadband seismic network is currently performing well.

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