scholarly journals How Do Mortgage Subsidies Affect Home Ownership? Evidence from the Mid-Century GI Bills

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K Fetter
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Home Ownership ◽  
Mortgage Market ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Shed Light

The largest twentieth-century increase in US home ownership occurred between 1940 and 1960, associated largely with declining age at first ownership. I shed light on the contribution of coincident government mortgage market interventions by examining home loan benefits granted under the World War II and Korean War GI Bills. Veterans' benefits increased home ownership rates primarily by shifting purchase earlier in life, explaining 7.4 percent of the overall 1940–1960 increase, and 25 percent of the increase for affected cohorts. A rough extrapolation suggests that broader changes in mortgage terms can explain 40 percent of the 1940–1960 increase. (JEL G21, N22, N92, R21, R31)

Government and Women’s Business Ownership

Boss Lady ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Federal Regulation ◽  
World War ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
National Market ◽  
The World

Lewis, Beech and Rudkin all took advantage of government opportunities and actively resisted its intrusions, and this was essential to their success. Close examination of the World War II and Korean War eras—key episodes in the expansion of the federal government as regulator and customer—shows that for these businesswomen building a relationship with government was both necessary and important. Military contracts and Reconstruction Finance Corporation loans kept Lewis and Beech in business while Excess Profits Tax posed a real threat that both women fought and wartime rationing as well as regulations by the Office of Price Administration fundamentally shaped Rudkin’s business strategy and success. Prevailing scholarly interpretations have argued that women’s businesses were too small to attract federal attention but the experience of these entrepreneurs reveals that for women who operated businesses big enough to cater to a national market, government programs were fundamental to their success and federal regulation threatened significant losses in profit. By the mid-twentieth century, in fact, developing a relationship with the federal government was hardly a choice; a strategic one could determine a business’ future.

A war hero or a Hitler soldier?

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Pavel Gotovetsky
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
National Committee ◽  
World War ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World ◽  
The Third Reich

The article is devoted to the biography of General Pavlo Shandruk, an Ukrainian officer who served as a Polish contract officer in the interwar period and at the beginning of the World War II, and in 1945 became the organizer and commander of the Ukrainian National Army fighting alongside the Third Reich in the last months of the war. The author focuses on the symbolic event of 1961, which was the decoration of General Shandruk with the highest Polish (émigré) military decoration – the Virtuti Militari order, for his heroic military service in 1939. By describing the controversy and emotions among Poles and Ukrainians, which accompanied the award of the former Hitler's soldier, the author tries to answer the question of how the General Shandruk’s activities should be assessed in the perspective of the uneasy Twentieth-Century Polish-Ukrainian relations. Keywords: Pavlo Shandruk, Władysław Anders, Virtuti Militari, Ukrainian National Army, Ukrainian National Committee, contract officer.

Trusteeship Council

2008 ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
Ralph Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean

This article examines the Trusteeship Council, a principal organ whose work was essential to the settlement arising from World War II. It involved establishing procedures for the independence of the defeated powers' colonies. This article details the pioneering efforts of the UN at facilitating the decolonization of trust territories. This is part of the world organization's contribution to the processes of self-determination for peoples in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Middle East. It also reveals that the work of the Trusteeship Council was linked to what may have been the most important political change of the twentieth century.

In Defense of Justice

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen H. Tamura
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Japanese Americans ◽  
Japanese American ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

As a leading dissident in the World War II concentration camps for Japanese Americans, Joseph Yoshisuke Kurihara stands out as an icon of Japanese American resistance. In this biography, Kurihara's life provides a window into the history of Japanese Americans during the first half of the twentieth century. Born in Hawaiʻi to Japanese parents who immigrated to work on the sugar plantations, Kurihara was transformed by the forced removal and incarceration of ethnic Japanese during World War II. As an inmate at Manzanar in California, Kurihara became one of the leaders of a dissident group within the camp and was implicated in “the Manzanar incident,” a serious civil disturbance that erupted on December 6, 1942. In 1945, after three years and seven months of incarceration, he renounced his U.S. citizenship and boarded a ship for Japan, never to return to the United States. Shedding light on the turmoil within the camps as well as the sensitive and formerly unspoken issue of citizenship renunciation among Japanese Americans, this book explores one man's struggles with the complexities of loyalty and dissent.

Patriotic Declaration of Democracy

Worldview ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
Korean Christians
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
World War ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Dark Shadow ◽  
At Home

Today we celebrate the fifty-seventh anniversary of the March First Independence Movement. Compelled by the aspirations of our people that resounded throughout the world on that day in 1919 and moved by the patriotic spirit of our forefathers, we take this occasion to make a solemn and patriotic declaration, both at home and abroad, concerning democracy.The division of Korea at the end of World War II shattered the hopes that had filled the hearts of our people at the time of Liberation from Japanese rule. This tragic division once more cast a dark shadow over the future of our nation. Yet to the end our people refused to give up their cherished hope. They rose up out of the ashes of the Korean War, they crushed the dictatorship of Syngman Rhee through the Righteous Uprising of April 19, and they reestablished in every heart the hope for realization of a free and democratic society.

The Russo-Japanese War and the German Wars for Hegemony, 1890–1939

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale C. Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Great Powers ◽  
World War ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The World ◽  
Global War ◽  
First World

This chapter explores the origins of three of the four most important wars of the first half of the twentieth century: the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–5, World War I, and World War II in Europe. These three wars had more than just a chronological connection to one another. The Russo-Japanese War helped solidify the diplomatic and economic alignments of the great powers in the decade before 1914, while the disaster of the First World War clearly set the stage for the rise of Nazism and the outbreak of yet another global war a generation later. This chapter focuses on providing a fairly comprehensive account of the causes of the Russo-Japanese War, confining the discussion of the world wars to the economic determinants of those conflicts.

Travail of a Broken Family: Evangelical Responses to Pentecostalism in America, 1906–1916

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Wacker
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The Other ◽  
World War ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1950S

Early pentecostals thought the world of themselves and they assumed that everyone else did too. Not always positively, of course, but frequently, and with secret envy. In one sense it is difficult to imagine how pentecostals could have been more wrong. Till the 1950s most Americans had never heard of them. A handful of observers within the established Churches noticed their existence, and maybe a dozen journalists and scholars took a few hours to try to figure out why a movement so manifestly backward could erupt in the sunlit progressivism of the early twentieth century. But for the American public as a whole, that was about all there was. In another sense, however, pentecostals' extravagant assessment of their own importance proved exactly right. Radical evangelicals, pentecostals' spiritual and in many cases biological parents, marshalled impressive resources to crush the menace in their midst. Abusive words flew back and forth for years, subsiding into sullen silence only in the 1930s. Things improved somewhat after World War II, but even today many on both sides of the canyon continue to eye the other with fear and suspicion.

scholarly journals „Odnowa”, „Osnowy Literackie”, „Wymiary” (1938–1939): wybory literackie orężem w budowaniu odrodzonej Ojczyzny?

2020 ◽  
pp. 353-374
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bańkowska ◽  
Magdalena Przybysz-Stawska
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War ◽  
Social Attitude ◽  
World Book ◽  
Literary Journals ◽  
The World ◽  
Met Needs ◽  
Political Groups

Two decades after independence recovering Polish intellectuals and writers were looking for new Poland ideal form. Close to the end of the thirties in twentieth century, in view of unstable situation in Poland and into the world, book and press became important tool for promotion of political and cultural ideas coming from different political groups. Taking into account this perspective special attention should pay on the editorial and literary organisation, developed fast in last years before the World War II. The aim of this presentation is to show the role of local social and literary journals from Lodz area (“Odnowa”, “Osnowy Literackie”, “Wymiary”), issued just before WWII, in creating of cultural and social attitude. It will be analyse 20 numbers of selected periodicals, covered years 1938-1939. The collected material will be used to find answers for below listed questions: how literal taste of readers was formed; how the selected journals met needs of society in the area of culture and ideology; in this very important moment for Poland.  

scholarly journals D.D. Shostakovich in Samara — university project

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Elena Ya. Burlina
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World Culture ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Understanding ◽  
The World ◽  
Reserve Capital ◽  
First Time

Once of the largest event in the world culture of the twentieth century is premiere of the Seventh Symphony by D.D. Shostakovich in Kuibyshev. It took place on March 5, 1942 and is described in detail. The author of the article puts forward a hypothesis about the fixed image of Shostakovich in the citys homosphere, namely as the author of themilitary Symphony. Other works created by him in the reserve capital did not receive a philosophical and cultural understanding. The article also presents a projective idea: Shostakovichs music as a communication and University promoter. The article describes for the first time the internationalization of the almanac and the exhibition Samaras Hommage. The Samara project with this name was presented to Bonn, at The Russian Consulate General, on the anniversary of the end of World War II. Professors from Europa universities were also invited to the presentation. For the first time, describes how to participate in the intercultural project of the writer CH.T. Aitmatov. The author conclusion that the Kuibyshev period of D.D. Shostakovich is significantly shortened and read far from completely, including in a scientific and communicative way.

Interview with Richard Overy

2015 ◽  
Vol 97 (900) ◽  
pp. 969-983
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
World War I ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
World War ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Total War ◽  
The World ◽  
The University

Richard Overy is Professor of History at the University of Exeter and the author of more than twenty-five books on the age of the World Wars and European dictatorship, including The Bombing War: Europe 1939–1945. He is a Fellow of the British Academy.Airpower has been used in armed conflicts since World War I. Aircraft have been deployed in support of the army on the ground and the navy on the surface. However, the twentieth century, with two World Wars, has also seen aerial bombardment of cities that fell outside the traditional use of airpower. During World War II, as part of the ideology of “total war”, cities were deliberately selected as targets of such attacks with the purpose of undermining the morale of the enemy's population and “winning the war”. Nowadays, although the deliberate bombing of entire cities is prohibited, it is still believed that aerial bombardment can produce certain political dividends for belligerents. In this interview, Richard Overy provides a historical perspective on the evolution of aerial bombardment since the World Wars, and puts in context the use of airpower in contemporary armed conflicts.

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