scholarly journals Echocardiography, a non-invasive method for the investigation of heart morphology and function in laboratory dogs: 1. Method and reference values for M-mode parameters

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hanton ◽  
B. Geffray ◽  
A. Lodola
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Lower Amplitude ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Function

We have set up M-mode echocardiographic (EC) recording in beagles in our laboratory and generated reference values for EC indicators of left ventricle function and morphology. Additionally we assessed the effects of sex, strain and body weight on these parameters and the correlation between parameters. M-mode EC under two-dimensional guidance in longitudinal section was performed on 59 male and 49 female beagles from Marshall (USA) and 13 males and 13 females from Harlan (France). The following parameters were measured or calculated: left ventricle internal diameter in diastole and systole (LVIDd and LVIDs), left ventricle end diastolic and end systolic and stroke volumes (EDV, ESV and SV), cardiac output and index (CO and CI), fractional shortening (FS), ejection fraction (EF), the thickness of the septum and left ventricle posterior wall in diastole (STd and LVPWd) and systole (STs and LVPWs), the percentage of thickening of the septum and left posterior wall (PST and PWT), and the mean and maximal velocities of the left ventricle posterior wall (PWVm and PWVM). Heart rate (HR) was measured by cardiac auscultation. Marshall dogs have higher left ventricle dimensions but lower amplitude and velocity of contraction than Harlan dogs. There were also statistically significant differences between sexes for a number of EC parameters mainly those relating to the size of the left ventricle walls or cavity in diastole. Overall these differences were explained by the correlation between these parameters and body weight. Heart rate correlated only with PWVm and PWVM. There were positive correlations between PST, PWT and EF or FS and between velocities and FS or EF. EDV correlates negatively with EF, FS, PST or PWT.

Echocardiography, a non-invasive method for the investigation of heart morphology and function in laboratory dogs: 2. Effects of minoxidil and quinidine on the left ventricle function

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hanton ◽  
A. Lodola
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Contraction ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Dimensional Echocardiography ◽  
And Function

We used echocardiography to investigate the changes in the cardiac function of dogs treated with minoxidil (a vasodilator, administered at doses which can produce mild lesions in the myocardium of the left ventricle) and quinidine (an antiarrhythmic at doses up to 8 times the upper limit of the therapeutic range in dogs). Groups of three beagles received a single administration of minoxidil at doses of 0.5 or 2 mg/kg. Two groups of two dogs received a single administration of quinidine at doses of 80 or 160 mg/kg. Two groups of three control dogs were treated concurrently with the vehicle alone. M-mode echocardiography was performed under two-dimensional echocardiography guidance on three occasions the day before treatment, immediately before dosing and 1, 3 and 24 h after dosing. We measured or calculated end diastolic, end systolic, and stroke volumes (EDV, ESV and SV), fractional shortening (FS), ejection fraction (EF), the percentage of thickening of the septum and of the left ventricle posterior wall (PST and PWT), and the mean and maximal velocities of the left ventricle posterior wall (PWVm and PWVM). At the same time as echocardiography recording, heart rate was measured by cardiac auscultation. Minoxidil produced a marked tachycardia. Less marked increases in heart rate occurred after quinidine. Both compounds were associated with a decrease in ESV and with marked increases in FS, EF, PWVm and PWVM which, in comparison with data for controls, are indicative of an increase in the amplitude and velocity of cardiac contraction. Both drugs also produced a decrease in EDV and consequently there was no increase in SV despite the increased amplitude of ventricular contraction. Cardiac output increased in proportion to the increase in heart rate. Overall, the effects were dose-related and are consistent with the pharmacological properties of the compounds. However, to date these effects have been demonstrated only by invasive methods. To conclude, we have shown that echocardiography allows a non-invasive investigation of the cardiac effects of suprapharmacological doses of antiarrhythmics and of the changes in heart function induced by vasodilators known to cause left ventricular lesions in dogs.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic Reference Intervals with Allometric Scaling of 823 Clinically Healthy Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ueda ◽  
Laetitia MM Duler ◽  
Kami J Elliot ◽  
Paul-Michael D Sosa ◽  
Jeffrey A Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
And Function ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background: Echocardiography is commonly used for assessing cardiac structure and function in various species including non-human primates. A few previous studies reported normal echocardiographic reference intervals of clinically healthy rhesus macaques under sedation. However, these studies were under-powered, and the techniques were not standardized. In addition, body weight, age, and sex matched reference intervals should be established as echocardiographic measurements are commonly influenced by these variables. The purpose of this study was to establish reference intervals for complete echocardiographic parameters based on a large cohort of clinically healthy rhesus macaques with wide ranges of weight and age distributions using allometric scaling. Results: A total of 823 rhesus macaques (ages 6 months to 31 years old; body weights 1.4 to 22.6 kg) were enrolled. Of these rhesus macaques, 421 were males and 402 were females. They were assessed with a complete echocardiographic examination including structural and functional evaluation under sedation with ketamine hydrochloride. The reference intervals of the key echocardiographic parameters were indexed to weight, age, and sex by calculating the coefficients of the allometric equation Y = aMb. On correlation matrix, body weight, age, sex, and heart rate were significantly correlated with various echocardiographic parameters and some of the parameters were strongly correlated with body weight and age. Multiple regression analysis was also performed to predict various echocardiographic parameters from heart rate, body weight, age and sex. Heart rate and body weight statistically significantly predicted various echocardiographic parameters. Valve regurgitation including tricuspid, aortic, pulmonic, and mitral regurgitations without other cardiac structural and functional abnormalities are common in clinically healthy rhesus macaques under ketamine sedation. Conclusions: In this study, the reference intervals of echocardiographic parameters were established by performing complete echocardiographic examinations on a large number of clinical healthy rhesus macaques. In addition, allometric scaling was performed based on their weight, and further indexed to age and sex. These allometrically scaled reference intervals can be used to accurately evaluate echocardiographic data in rhesus macaques and diagnose structural and functional evidence of cardiac disease.

Abstract 279: A Deletion In The N2A Region Of Titin Carried By Muscular Dystrophy With Myositis (mdm) Mice Severely Affects Skeletal Muscle, But Not The Heart

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida G Lunde ◽  
Hiroko Wakimoto ◽  
Michael A Burke ◽  
Wolfgang Linke ◽  
Geir Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Titin ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Region I ◽  
And Function

20% of dilated cardiomyopathy patients carry mutations in the giant protein titin. Mutations are predominant in A band but also occur in I band, a domain that regulates passive tension and myocyte signaling. A recessive mouse mutation in titin I band N2A region (mdm) causes early onset muscular dystrophy with myositis and death. We assessed cardiac morphology, function, and transcriptional profiles (RNAseq) in mdm mice. Young homozygous mdm mice (n>6) have reduced body weight (7gms) vs. heterozygous (20gm) or WT (17gm) littermates, with severe skeletal muscle dystrophy. Four-week old homozygous mdm mice have higher left ventricular (LV): body weight ratios. Echocardiography revealed thinner LV posterior wall and septum (LVPWd and IVSd) and normal LV diameter (LVDd); when normalized for body weight, cardiac dimensions were increased compared to WT or heterozygous mdm mice. Fractional shortening was reduced in homozygous Mdm mice (35%) vs. WT (40-41%, p<0.01); histology showed neither overt pathology nor fibrosis. Titin gels showed lack of difference in cardiac titin isoform pattern, consistent with RNAseq, which showed the mdm titin transcript excluded exons 107 and 108, deleting in frame 48 amino acids. 240 transcripts (0.8%) were differentially expressed (fold change >1.5 and <0.75, p<0.001) in homozygous vs. heterozygous mdm hearts; ANP and BNP were mildly upregulated (2- and 1.2-fold). Altered transcripts participated in extracellular and immune signaling pathways. Among titin binding partners, only calpain-3 that interacts with N2A was changed (0.6-fold), consistent with previous reports in skeletal muscle. As humans have heterozygous mutations, we stressed adult heterozygous mdm and WT mice (2 weeks of angiotensin II infusion): both had comparable hypertrophic responses (increased LVPWd and IVSd). Aged (89 week old) unstressed heterozygous mdm mice had normal cardiac dimensions and function. The N2A region, I-band titin mdm mutation causes minimal cardiac dysfunction in mice, unlike the severe skeletal muscle phenotype. Human I-band mutations are unlikely to cause dilated cardiomyopathy.

scholarly journals QiShenYiQi Pills, a Compound Chinese Medicine, Ameliorates Doxorubicin-Induced Myocardial Structure Damage and Cardiac Dysfunction in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Xin Tang ◽  
Hai-Ping Zhao ◽  
Chun-Shui Pan ◽  
Yu-Ying Liu ◽  
Xiao-Hong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Heart Weight ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Cardiac Structure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cardiac Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

QiShenYiQi Pills (QSYQ) is a compound Chinese medicine used for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The present study investigated the effects of QSYQ on the Doxorubicin- (DOX-) induced disorders in rat cardiac structure and function and the possible mechanism underlying. A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley rats were administrated by intraperitoneal injections with DOX at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg, once every day for a total of 6 times. After the 6th injection, the rats were evaluated by echocardiographic analysis, and the animals with injured heart(n=14)were divided into 2 groups and further treated with(n=7)or without(n=7)QSYQ by gavage at a dose of 0.2 g/day, once a day, over the next 2 weeks. Two weeks after QSYQ treatment, the following variables were assessed: myocardial blood flow (MBF) by Laser-Doppler Perfusion Imager, the ratio of heart weight to body weight (HW/BW), myocardial histology, myocardial content of ATP, AMP, free fatty acids (FFAs) and AMP/ATP by ELISA, and expression of PPARα, PGC-1α, and ATP 5D by Western blot. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Turkey test for multiple comparisons. DOX challenge significantly increased left ventricular internal diameter and HW/BW and decreased the thickness of the left ventricular posterior wall, the left ventricle ejection fraction, and the left ventricle fractional shortening. DOX also increased AMP, FFA, and AMP/ATP, decreased ATP, and downregulated the protein content of ATP 5D, PPARα, and PGC-1α. All these DOX-induced cardiac insults were attenuated significantly by QSYQ treatment. These results show the potential of QSYQ to ameliorate DOX-induced disorders in cardiac structure and function; this effect may be related to the increase in myocardial ATP content via the upregulation of ATP 5D, PPARα, and PGC-1αand the oxidation of FFA.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of cytocardioprotection of patients with the moderately expressed post infarct dysfunction of left heart ventricle: the results of the randomization research of trimetazidine and athenolole

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
V. V. Kalyuzhin ◽  
M. A. Solovtsov ◽  
D. U. Kamaev
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Heart ◽  
Heart Ventricle ◽  
Clinical Efficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Function

With the purpose of research of clinical efficiency of trimetazidine and atenolol and their influence on morfofunctional parameteres of left ventricle 36 men who have transferred a myocardial infarction are inspected. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. Clinical status and function state of left ventricle (by echocardiography) was assessed before and after 4-week therapy with trimetazidine or atenolol. Atenolol and trimetazidine have shown in our study identical clinical efficiency. However while atenolol is statistically significant reduced systolic arterial pressure and heart rate, thickness of posterior wall of left ventricle and corrects diastolic function, trimetazidine had no such activity. Treatment with trimetazidine promoted improvement of local contractility of left ventricle.

scholarly journals Morphometric Indicators of Rat Myocardium under the Action of General Hypothermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
M. S. Belimenko ◽  
◽  
V. V. Kosharniy ◽  
L. V. Abdul-Ogly ◽  
G. O. Kozlovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Side Wall ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
The Right ◽  
Intact Rats

Hypothermia is a situation in which the internal body temperature drops below 35 degrees Celsius. The article presents the relevance, theoretical aspects and features of the action of general hypothermia on the heart in general and cardiomyocytes in particular. The purpose of the study was to study the changes in the myocardium under the action of general hypothermia at different levels of structural organization. The object of the study were the hearts of laboratory adult rats. The study involved 20 animals. The longitudinal section shows that the right ventricle is much thinner than the left and its cavity is presented in the form of a crescent. The interventricular septum is thicker than the wall of the right ventricle and goes into its cavity. Results. To establish the shape of the heart and track the dynamic changes at the organ level, we calculated an index showing the ratio of the width of the heart to its length. In 80% of cases, the heart shape of intact rats was conical, the index averaged 55%, only 20% elliptical, the index was more than 65%. We did not observe other forms of heart in the group of intact rats. In the experimental groups, a spherical heart shape appeared. The thickness of the anterior wall of the left ventricle for 10 days from the beginning of the experiment was 3.15±0.11 mm, the side wall 3.1±0.11 mm, the posterior wall 2.45±0.04 mm, interventricular septum 2.95±0.09 mm. In the right ventricle, the thickness of the anterior wall is 1.04±0.03 mm, the posterior wall is 1.36±0.04 mm. On the 30th day from the beginning of the experiment, the thickness of the anterior wall of the left ventricle was 3.21±0.11 mm, the side wall 2.65±0.06 mm, the posterior wall 3.27±0.09 mm, the interventricular septum 3.14±0.13 mm. In the right ventricle, the thickness of the anterior wall is 1.09±0.04 mm, the posterior wall is 1.38±0.03 mm. Conclusions. The increase in heart mass, change in its shape due to changes in the middle third of the heart wall of both the left and right ventricles. The highest rates were in the middle third of the heart (zone "B"): In all layers of the myocardium there is an increase in the diameter of cardiomyocytes, a decrease in the distance between individual cardiomyocytes and their groups. The distance between adjacent cardiomyocytes in the left ventricle is: in the outer layer 1/8 of the diameter of the cardiomyocyte, between groups of cardiomyocytes 1/4 of the diameter of the cardiomyocyt

scholarly journals Cardiac perfusion and function after high-intensity exercise training in late premenopausal and recent postmenopausal women: an MRI study

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (5) ◽  
pp. 1272-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Egelund ◽  
Michael Nyberg ◽  
Camilla M. Mandrup ◽  
Jawdat Abdulla ◽  
Bente Stallknecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Cardiac Work ◽  
Left Ventricle Mass ◽  
And Function

We examined the influence of recent menopause and aerobic exercise training in women on myocardial perfusion, left ventricular (LV) dimension, and function. Two groups ( n = 14 each) of healthy late premenopausal (50.2 ± 2.1 yr) and recent postmenopausal (54.2 ± 2.8 yr) women underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) at baseline and after 12 wk of high-intensity aerobic training. Measurements included LV morphology, systolic function, and myocardial perfusion at rest and during an adenosine stress test. At baseline, resting myocardial perfusion was lower in the postmenopausal than the premenopausal group (77 ± 3 vs. 89 ± 3 ml·100 g−1·min−1; P = 0.01), while adenosine-induced myocardial perfusion was not different ( P = 0.81). After exercise training, resting myocardial perfusion was lower in both groups (66 ± 2; P = 0.002 vs. 81 ± 3 ml·100 g−1·min−1; P = 0.03). The adenosine-induced change in myocardial perfusion was lower in the groups combined (by 402 ± 17 ml·100 g−1·min−1; P = 0.02), and the adenosine-induced increase in heart rate was 10 ± 2 beats/min lower ( P < 0.0001) in both groups after training. Normalization of myocardial perfusion using an estimate of cardiac work eliminated the differences in perfusion between the premenopausal and postmenopausal groups and the effect of training. Left ventricle mass was higher in both groups ( P = 0.03; P = 0.006), whereas LV end-diastolic ( P = 0.02) and stroke ( P = 0.045) volumes were higher in the postmenopausal group after training. Twelve weeks of exercise training increased left ventricle mass and lowered resting and adenosine-induced myocardial perfusion, an effect that was likely related to cardiac work. The current data also suggest that the early menopausal transition has limited impact on cardiac function and structure. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study provides for the first time estimates of myocardial perfusion in late premenopausal and recent postmenopausal women before and after a period of intense aerobic training. Resting myocardial perfusion was lower in postmenopausal than premenopausal women. Training lowered myocardial resting and stress perfusion in both groups, an effect that was likely influenced by the lower heart rate.

scholarly journals Echocardiographic reference intervals with allometric scaling of 823 clinically healthy rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Ueda ◽  
Laetitia M. M. Duler ◽  
Kami J. Elliot ◽  
Paul-Michael D. Sosa ◽  
Jeffrey A. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Allometric Scaling ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Functional Evaluation ◽  
Echocardiographic Examination ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
And Function ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Echocardiography is commonly used for assessing cardiac structure and function in various species including non-human primates. A few previous studies reported normal echocardiographic reference intervals of clinically healthy rhesus macaques under sedation. However, these studies were under-powered, and the techniques were not standardized. In addition, body weight, age, and sex matched reference intervals should be established as echocardiographic measurements are commonly influenced by these variables. The purpose of this study was to establish reference intervals for complete echocardiographic parameters based on a large cohort of clinically healthy rhesus macaques with wide ranges of weight and age distributions using allometric scaling. Results A total of 823 rhesus macaques (ages 6 months to 31 years old; body weights 1.4 to 22.6 kg) were enrolled. Of these rhesus macaques, 421 were males and 402 were females. They were assessed with a complete echocardiographic examination including structural and functional evaluation under sedation with ketamine hydrochloride. The reference intervals of the key echocardiographic parameters were indexed to weight, age, and sex by calculating the coefficients of the allometric eq. Y = aMb. On correlation matrix, body weight, age, sex, and heart rate were significantly correlated with various echocardiographic parameters and some of the parameters were strongly correlated with body weight and age. Multiple regression analysis revealed that heart rate and body weight statistically significantly predicted several echocardiographic parameters. Valve regurgitation including tricuspid, aortic, pulmonic, and mitral regurgitations without other cardiac structural and functional abnormalities are common in clinically healthy rhesus macaques under ketamine sedation. Conclusions In this study, the reference intervals of echocardiographic parameters were established by performing complete echocardiographic examinations on a large number of clinical healthy rhesus macaques. In addition, allometric scaling was performed based on their weight, and further indexed to age and sex. These allometrically scaled reference intervals can be used to accurately evaluate echocardiographic data in rhesus macaques and diagnose structural and functional evidence of cardiac disease.

scholarly journals Metformin and left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with comorbidity

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Ganna Demydenko
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Metformin Treatment ◽  
And Function

Essential hypertension (EH) stays the important public challenge, because of leading positions in morbidity and mortality in not only Ukraine, but also worldwide. Recent studies have suggested that metformin could inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improve cardiac function.Aim of the study was to investigate metformin’s influence on left ventricular structure and function in patients with essential hypertension with concomitant type 2 diabetes (T2D).Materials and methods: 120 patients with essential hypertension (EH) were recruited in the study and were divided into three groups according to comorbid state: 60  - EH and T2D; 30 – EH with prediabetes; 30 – EH without dysglicemia. Carbohydrate parameters, left ventricle structure and function were analyzed before and after 12 weeks of metformin treatment.Results. Metformin treatment results in fasting glycaemia and insulin resistance diminishing on 21,79 % and 26,84 %.  Echocardiography in 12 weeks metformin treatment showed significant decreasing of left ventricle myocardium mass for 6,1 %, left ventricle posterior wall thickness - 2,3 %. More pronounced changes in patients with EH and T2D are connected with glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, insulin resistance diminishing and also with pleiotropic metformin’s effects.Conclusion. Metformin has positive influence to the structure and function of left ventricle with increasing of EDV and LV hypertrophy regress. These findings may provide a potential effectiveness for patients with T2D at risk of developing pathological cardiac hypertrophy.Key words: essential hypertension, type 2 diabetes, left ventricle hypertrophy, metformin.

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