The relationship between social network characteristics and exchanging sex for drugs or money among drug users in Baltimore, MD, USA

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 770-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Latkin ◽  
W Hua ◽  
V L Forman
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Network Composition ◽  
Use Factors ◽  
The Relationship

The current study examined social network and drug use factors associated with buying and selling sex among a sample of opiate and cocaine users in Baltimore, Maryland. A sample of 702 drug users who were sexually active were administered a social network and risk behaviour inventory. Compared to 25% of men, only 1.7% of women reported a history of giving money or drugs to get sex during the past 90 days. Conversely, more women (21.2%) than men (4.7%) sold sex for money or drugs. Those who sold sex were more likely to be low frequency crack smokers, were more likely to drink alcohol at least once a day, had a higher average number of crack-only smokers in their network, and had a smaller number of kin in their network. Men who exchanged money or drugs for sex tended to be low frequency crack smokers and reported having more crack-only smokers and injectors and fewer kin in their networks. The results suggest that network composition may be a risk factor for exchanging sex, particularly with respect to crack users, while kin may be a protective factor. These associations may be either a cause or consequence of exchanging sex.

Social network characteristics of injection drug users in Montreal, Canada

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prithwish De ◽  
Joseph Cox ◽  
Carole Morissette ◽  
Ann Jolly ◽  
Jean-Francois Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Network Characteristics

scholarly journals Suicide Attempts and Perceived Social Support among Chinese Drug Users: The Mediating Role of Self-Esteem and Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Yali Deng ◽  
Xuemeng Li ◽  
Liu Liu ◽  
Wing Hong Chui
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Chinese Drug ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
The Relationship

Suicidal behavior is a severe problem among drug users. This study examines influential factors related to suicide attempts and analyzes possible mediators of the relationship between perceived social support and suicide attempts amongst Chinese drug users under compulsory institutional drug treatment. Taking perceived social support as the independent variable, we found that the relationship between suicide attempts and perceived social support is mediated by self-esteem as a protective factor and depression as a risk factor. Path analysis shows that self-esteem contributes relatively more to the indirect effects than depression does, accounting for 31.1% and 24.2% of the total effect, respectively. Generally speaking, the findings of this study point to an urgent need for addressing suicide attempts among Chinese drug users while treating self-esteem as the protective factor that deserves as substantial attention as depression receives.

scholarly journals EXPANDING SOCIAL TIES AS A GOAL IN LATER LIFE: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL NETWORK CHARACTERISTICS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S175-S175
Author(s):  
Danielle Oleskiewicz ◽  
Karen Rook
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Ties ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Support Provision ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Network Composition

Abstract Older adults often winnow their social ties to focus on emotionally rewarding ties (Charles & Carstensen, 2010). Some older adults, however, have small social networks that preclude much winnowing or aversive social ties from which disengagement is difficult. These individuals might be motivated to expand, rather than contract, their social ties. The current study sought to extend knowledge regarding potential links between social network characteristics and older adults’ interest, effort, and success in creating new social ties. We expected that small social networks and negative social ties might motivate interest and effort directed toward forming new social ties but that positive social ties might foster success in efforts to form new ties. In-person interviews were conducted with participants (N = 351, Mean age = 74.16) in a larger study of older adults’ social networks and well-being. The interviews assessed participants’ social networks, as well as their interest, effort, and success in making new social ties. Participants’ social network composition, rather than size, was associated with greater motivation to establish new social ties. Negative social ties were associated with greater interest and effort directed toward forming new social ties. Positive social ties were related to greater success (due, in part, to their support provision) and, unexpectedly, were also related to greater interest and effort directed toward forming new ties. Older adults sometimes seek to expand, rather than contract, their social ties, and characteristics of their social networks appear to play a role in fueling and influencing the success of such efforts.

scholarly journals The relationship between social network factors, HIV, and Hepatitis C among injection drug users in Chennai, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Latkin ◽  
Cui Yang ◽  
Aylur K. Srikrishnan ◽  
Suniti Solomon ◽  
Shruti H. Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Recent Incarceration Independently Associated with Syringe Sharing by Injection Drug Users

2005 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Wood ◽  
Kathy Li ◽  
Will Small ◽  
Julio S. Montaner ◽  
Martin T. Schechter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Risk ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Hiv Risk Behavior ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Syringe Sharing ◽  
Binary Outcomes ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hiv Negative

Objectives. Few prospective studies are available on the relationship between incarceration and HIV risk among injection drug users (IDUs). The authors evaluated self-reported rates of syringe sharing and incarceration among a cohort of IDUs. Methods. This study analyzed syringe lending by HIV-infected IDUs and syringe borrowing by HIV-negative IDUs among participants enrolled in the Vancouver Injection Drug Users Study (VIDUS). Since serial measures for each individual were available, variables potentially associated with each outcome (syringe lending and borrowing) were evaluated using generalized estimating equations for binary outcomes. Results. The study sample consisted of 1,475 IDUs who were enrolled into the VIDUS cohort from May 1996 through May 2002. At baseline, 1,123 (76%) reported a history of incarceration since they first began injecting drugs. Of these individuals, 351 (31%) reported at baseline that they had injected drugs while incarcerated. Among 318 baseline HIV-infected IDUs, having been incarcerated in the six months prior to each interview remained independently associated with syringe lending during the same period (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06, 1.69; p=0.015). Similarly, among the 1,157 baseline HIV-negative IDUs, having been incarcerated in the six months prior to each interview remained independently associated with reporting syringe borrowing during the same period (adjusted OR=1.26; 95% CI 1.12, 1.44; p<0.001). Conclusions. Incarceration was independently associated with risky needle sharing for HIV-infected and HIV-negative IDUs. This evidence of HIV risk behavior should reinforce public health concerns about the high rates of incarceration among IDUs.

Impact of Social Network Characteristics on High-Risk Sexual Behaviors Among Non-Injection Drug Users

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1629-1649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Pilowsky ◽  
Donald Hoover ◽  
Bernadette Hadden ◽  
Crystal Fuller ◽  
Danielle C. Ompad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Injection Drug Users ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Injection Drug ◽  
Network Characteristics

scholarly journals Using Social Network Analysis to Understand the Effects of a Social Media-based Weight Loss Intervention Targeting Low-SES Adults (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Xu ◽  
David Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND Obesity is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors including hypertension and type II diabetes. Although numerous weight-loss interventions have demonstrated efficacy, there is considerably less evidence about the theoretical mechanisms through which they work. Delivering lifestyle behavior change interventions via social media provides unique opportunities for understanding mechanisms of intervention effects. Server data collected directly from online platforms can provide detailed, real-time behavioral information over the course of intervention programs that can be used to understand how interventions work. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to demonstrate how social network analysis can facilitate our understanding of the mechanisms underlying a social-media based weight loss intervention. METHODS This study performed secondary analysis using data from a pilot study that delivered a dietary and physical activity intervention to a group of low-SES participants via Facebook. We mapped out participants’ interaction networks over the 12-week intervention period, and linked participants’ network characteristics (e.g. in-degree, out-degree and network constraint) to participants’ changes in theoretical mediators (i.e. dietary knowledge, perceived social support, self-efficacy) and weight loss using regression analysis. This study also performed mediation analyses to explore how the effects of social network measures on weight loss could be mediated by the aforementioned theoretical mediators. RESULTS 47 participants from two waves completed the study and were included in the analysis. We found that participants creating posts, comments and reactions predicted weight-loss (β=-.94, P=.042); receiving comments positively predicted changes in self-efficacy (β=7.81, P=.009); the degree to which one’s network neighbors are tightly connected with each other weakly predicted changes in perceived social support (β=7.70, P=.08). In addition, change in self-efficacy mediated the relationship between receiving comments and weight-loss (Indirect effect=-.89, P=.017). CONCLUSIONS Our analyses using data from this pilot study have linked participants’ network characteristics with changes in several important study outcomes of interest, such as self-efficacy, social support and weight. Our results point to the potential of using social network analysis to understand the social processes and mechanisms through which online behavioral interventions affects participants’ psychological and behavioral outcomes. Future studies are warranted to validate our results and further explore the relationship between network dynamics and study outcomes in similar and larger trials.

Social Network Characteristics of Hospitalized Depressed Patients

1982 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 423-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Brim ◽  
Connie Witcoff ◽  
Richard D. Wetzel
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
History Of

22 patients with primary or secondary affective disorder and 22 hospitalized control patients with no history of psychiatric disorder completed questionnaires about their relationships with other people. Similar questionnaires were completed by one friend or relative of 20 patients and 20 control subjects about the subjects' social network. Depressed patients reported that significantly fewer people were available who would offer them help or who had similar interests. They reported less contact with members of their social network. The friends or relatives of depressed patients reported the patients had fewer friends who shared values or were concerned than did those of the control group. The data were interpreted as consistent with both the helplessness and behavioral models of depression.

scholarly journals The Relationship between NAFLD and Sarcopenia in Elderly Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhai ◽  
Qian Xiao ◽  
Jing Miao
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Usual Gait Speed

Aim. Previous studies have shown that individuals with low muscle mass exhibit an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated the association between NAFLD and sarcopenia in elderly patients. Methods. We classified the participants into sarcopenia/nonsarcopenia groups based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), muscle strength (grip strength), or/and physical performance (6 m usual gait speed). We diagnosed NAFLD by ultrasonography combined with the history of alcohol intake. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the correlation between sarcopenia and NAFLD. Results. NAFLD was significantly less frequent in the sarcopenia group than in the nonsarcopenia group (P<0.01). However, NAFLD was neither an independent risk factor nor a protective factor for sarcopenia. Conclusions. NAFLD is not independently associated with sarcopenia.

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