Metabolic syndrome and the menopause

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto J Kaaja
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidaemia ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

The metabolic syndrome consists of a combination of risk factors that include abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, hypertension and insulin resistance. It increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The increased risk of cardiovascular disease is higher in women than in men. The first manifestation of metabolic syndrome may occur in pregnancy presenting as gestational diabetes or preeclampsia. Both conditions are associated with increased insulin resistance. Also metabolic syndrome is more common in polycystic ovarian syndrome. It has been suggested that there is a metabolic syndrome resulting from the menopause due to estrogen deficiency, as many of the risk factors are more prevalent in postmenopausal women. Also estrogen replacement improves insulin sensitivity and reduces the risk of diabetes. The key elements in managing the metabolic syndrome are weight reduction, increasing physical activity and diet modification. If blood pressure, lipid and glycaemic control are not achieved through these interventions then pharmacological therapy will be required.

Metabolic Syndrome During Menopause

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezcan Mumusoglu ◽  
Bulent Okan Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Women

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises individual components including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The menopause per se increases the incidence of MetS in aging women. The effect(s) of menopause on individual components of MetS include: i) increasing central obesity with changes in the fat tissue distribution, ii) potential increase in insulin resistance, iii) changes in serum lipid concentrations, which seem to be associated with increasing weight rather than menopause itself, and, iv) an association between menopause and hypertension, although available data are inconclusive. With regard to the consequences of MetS during menopause, there is no consistent data supporting a causal relationship between menopause and CVD. However, concomitant MetS during menopause appears to increase the risk of CVD. Furthermore, despite the data supporting the association between early menopause and increased risk of T2DM, the association between natural menopause itself and risk of T2DM is not evident. However, the presence and the severity of MetS appears to be associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Although the mechanism is not clear, surgical menopause is strongly linked with a higher incidence of MetS. Interestingly, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of MetS during their reproductive years; however, with menopausal transition, the risk of MetS becomes similar to that of non-PCOS women.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome risk factors are associated with white rice intake in Korean adolescent girls and boys

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
SuJin Song ◽  
Hee Young Paik ◽  
Won O. Song ◽  
YoonJu Song
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
White Rice ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

In the present study, we examined the associations of total carbohydrate intake, dietary glycaemic load (DGL) and white rice intake with metabolic syndrome risk factors by sex in Korean adolescents. For the present cross-sectional study, data from the Fourth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–9) were used. A total of 2209 adolescents (n 1164 boys and n 1045 girls) aged 10–18 years with complete anthropometric, biochemical and dietary intake data were included in the study. Dietary intake data were obtained using the 24 h recall method, and total carbohydrate intake, DGL and white rice intake were divided into quartiles by sex. The metabolic syndrome and its risk factors were defined using the International Diabetes Federation criteria for children and adolescents. Fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance were included as the metabolic syndrome risk factors. All statistical analyses considered the complex sampling design effect and appropriate sampling weights. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to estimate means with their standard errors of the mean for the metabolic syndrome risk factors across the quartiles of total carbohydrate intake, DGL and white rice intake. While high DGL was significantly associated with increased fasting glucose levels in boys, high total carbohydrate intake, DGL and white rice intake were consistently associated with reduced HDL-cholesterol levels in girls. High white rice intake was significantly associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in girls but not in boys. Optimising dietary carbohydrate intake with respect to the source or amount is fundamental to preventing and managing metabolic diseases in Asian adolescents.

scholarly journals Evaluate the effects of metabolic syndrome in adolescents and children

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
Rui-Min Jia ◽  
Xiao-Ning Yan ◽  
Jing Sun
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Underlying Pathophysiology

AbstractThe metabolic syndrome (MS) in adolescents and children can cause serious consequences that lead researchers to pay efforts to study in such area. Presently, MS definition is still not standardized. Different versions of MS definition have been used by numerous studies, which may be a problem to identify MS and then to predict and prevent clinical diseases. The pediatric literature shows that insulin resistance and obesity might be the key underlying pathophysiology of MS to cause many related diseases. High prevalence of MS is in overweight and obese children and adolescents. This article focuses on such above issues and also effects of MS on two main disease outcomes: cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

Microvascular dysfunction: causative role in the association between hypertension, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome?

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik H. Serné ◽  
Renate T. de Jongh ◽  
Etto C. Eringa ◽  
Richard G. Ijzerman ◽  
Michiel P. de Boer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Microvascular Dysfunction ◽  
Metabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Potential Factor

The metabolic syndrome defines a clustering of metabolic risk factors that confers an increased risk for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The metabolic syndrome seems to have multiple etiological factors and microvascular dysfunction may be one potential factor explaining the clustering of multiple metabolic risk factors including hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Microvascular dysfunction may increase not only peripheral vascular resistance and blood pressure, but may also decrease insulin-mediated glucose uptake in muscle. The present article summarizes some of the data concerning the role of microvascular dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Inflammation as a Link between Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faloia Emanuela ◽  
Michetti Grazia ◽  
De Robertis Marco ◽  
Luconi Maria Paola ◽  
Furlani Giorgio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory State

The metabolic syndrome is a complex of clinical features leading to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in both sexes. Visceral obesity and insulin resistance are considered the main features determining the negative cardiovascular profile in metabolic syndrome. The aim of this paper is to highlight the central role of obesity in the development of a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that leads to insulin resistance, endothelial and microvascular dysfunctions. It is thought that the starting signal of this inflammation is overfeeding and the pathway origins in all the metabolic cells; the subsequent increase in cytokine production recruits immune cells in the extracellular environment inducing an overall systemic inflammation. This paper focuses on the molecular and cellular inflammatory mechanisms studied until now.

scholarly journals Synthesis of N-(6-(4-(Piperazin-1-yl)phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide Derivatives for the Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Nabajyoti Deka ◽  
Swapnil Bajare ◽  
Jessy Anthony ◽  
Amrutha Nair ◽  
Anagha Damre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Insulin Sensitizers ◽  
Increased Risk

Metabolic syndrome is a widely prevalent multifactorial disorder associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. High plasma levels of insulin and glucose due to insulin resistance are a major component of the metabolic disorder. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are potent PPARγ ligand and used as insulin sensitizers in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. They are potent insulin-sensitizing agents but due to adverse effects like hepatotoxicity, a safer alternative of TZDs is highly demanded. Here we report synthesis of N-(6-(4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamide derivatives as an alternate remedy for insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Is Co-Administration Curcumin and Piperine a Benefit in Preventing Metabolic Syndrome?

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Carmine Finelli
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The metabolic syndrome, which includes obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, has gained importance due to its link to the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Potential of Beetroot and Blackcurrant Compounds to Improve Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Cameron Haswell ◽  
Ajmol Ali ◽  
Rachel Page ◽  
Roger Hurst ◽  
Kay Rutherfurd-Markwick
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Dietary Nitrate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Concentrations

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of metabolic abnormalities, which together lead to increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as reduced quality of life. Dietary nitrate, betalains and anthocyanins may improve risk factors for MetS and reduce the risk of development of CHD and T2DM. Beetroot is a rich source of dietary nitrate, and anthocyanins are present in high concentrations in blackcurrants. This narrative review considers the efficacy of beetroot and blackcurrant compounds as potential agents to improve MetS risk factors, which could lead to decreased risk of CHD and T2DM. Further research is needed to establish the mechanisms through which these outcomes may occur, and chronic supplementation studies in humans may corroborate promising findings from animal models and acute human trials.

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