scholarly journals Presence of multiple corpora lutea affects the luteolytic response to prostaglandin F2α in lactating dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Fernando LÓPEZ-GATIUS
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Prostaglandin F

scholarly journals Reduced progesterone concentration during growth of the first follicular wave affects embryo quality but has no effect on embryo survival post transfer in lactating dairy cows

Reproduction ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando A Rivera ◽  
Luís G D Mendonça ◽  
Gláucio Lopes ◽  
José E P Santos ◽  
Rolando V Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Donor Cows

Fertility of lactating dairy cows is associated with reduced progesterone (P4) concentration compared with nonlactating animals. The objective of the current study was to determine whether P4 during growth of the first follicular wave (FFW) affects embryo quality. Lactating Holstein cows at 33±3 days post partum were allocated to one of three treatments. Cows in the FFW and FFW with P4 (FFWP) treatments started the superstimulation protocol on day 1 of the estrous cycle and second follicular wave (SFW) cows started the superstimulation protocol on estrous cycle day 7. Cows were superstimulated with 400 mg of NIH-FSH-P1 (FSH) given twice daily for 5 days, two prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) injections given with the ninth and tenth injections of FSH, GNRH given 48 h after the first PGF2α injection, and timed insemination 12 and 24 h after the GNRH injection. Cows in the FFWP treatment received two intravaginal P4 inserts during the superstimulation. Embryos were recovered 6.5 days after artificial insemination and excellent/good and fair embryos were frozen and transferred. Blood was sampled daily from estrous cycle day 0 until insemination from donor cows. During the superstimulation protocol, P4 was (P<0.01) greatest for SFW cows followed by FFWP and FFW cows respectively. The percentage of embryos–oocytes from SFW and FFWP cows classified as excellent/good and fair embryos was (P=0.02) greater than those of FFW cows. Pregnancy per embryo transfer was not (P≥0.73) affected by embryo donor treatment. Reduced embryo quality of cows induced to ovulate the follicles from the first follicular wave is a consequence of reduced P4 during follicle growth.

Improving reproductive performance in lactating dairy cows by synchronising ovulation or inducing oestrus

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gy. Gábor ◽  
J. P. Kastelic ◽  
S. Pintér ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Preliminary Trial ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Considerable Promise ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Prostaglandin F

Lactating crossbred Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (n = 331) were started on an Ovsynch regimen 68 ± 8.2 days after calving; 200 µg GnRH intramuscularly (i.m.) on Days 0 and 9, and 35 mg prostaglandin F2a i.m. on Day 7. Thirty-eight and 31 cows (11.5 and 9.4%, respectively) were in oestrus on Days 0 to 6 and 7 to 8, respectively, and inseminated, and the remainder were fixed-time inseminated (on Day 10). For these three groups, pregnancy rates (60-65 days after breeding) were 31.6, 38.7 and 34.0%, respectively (P = 0.82) and calving rates were 100, 100 and 89.9% (P = 0.23). In a preliminary trial, twelve lactating cows (45 to 60 days postpartum) with inactive ovaries were given 1500 IU eCG i.m.; 10 were in oestrus within 10 days after treatment (and inseminated) and eight of these were pregnant (30 days after breeding). The Ovsynch program resulted in acceptable reproductive performance in cyclic cows and eCG treatment has considerable promise for inducing oestrus in anoestrous cows.

scholarly journals Effects of GnRH, PGF2α and oxytocin treatments on conception rate at the time of artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Gümen ◽  
A. Keskin ◽  
G. Yilmazbas-Mecitoglu ◽  
E. Karakaya ◽  
S. Cevik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
And Control

In several studies, hormones such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), prostaglandins and oxytocin were used to increase pregnancy rate by inducing ovulation and improving the sperm transport in the female reproductive tract in lactating dairy cattle. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of GnRH, prostaglandin F<sub>2&alpha;</sub> (PGF<sub>2&alpha;</sub>) and oxytocin treatments at the time of artificial insemination (AI) after spontaneous oestrus on the conception rate (CR) of lactating dairy cows. Oestrus was detected by visual observations by experienced personnel. All cows (n = 430, 308 Holstein-Frisian and 122 Swedish-Red dairy cows) were inseminated based on the am/pm rule by veterinarians of the farm. After AI, cows were alternately assigned to one of the four treatment groups: (1) GnRH (n = 113); (2) PGF<sub>2&alpha;</sub> (n = 106);<br />(3) oxytocin (n = 106) and (4) non-treated control (n = 105). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 28&ndash;34 and 58&ndash;64 days post-insemination by transrectal ultrasonography. Conception rates on days 28&ndash;34 and 58&ndash;64 were not different among GnRH (46.0%; 52/113 and 44.3%; 50/113), PGF<sub>2&alpha;</sub> (37.7%; 40/106 and 35.9%; 38/106) and control (49.5%; 52/105 and 47.6%; 50/105) groups. However, conception rates were lower (P = 0.02) in oxytocin (31.1%; 33/106 and 30.2%; 32/106) than in GnRH and control groups on days 28&ndash;34 and 58&ndash;64. Other covariant factors, such as milk production, days in milk (DIM), breed, parity, service number did not affect the conception rate. Thus, there were no beneficial effects of treatments with GnRH and PGF2&alpha; at the time of AI, and oxytocin had an adverse effect on CR in lactating dairy cows in this study.

The effect of aspirin on prostaglandin F 2α secretion in lactating dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Spencer ◽  
K. Steinkamp ◽  
B. Shafii ◽  
A. Ahmadzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Prostaglandin F

INDUCTION OF CYCLIC ACTIVITY IN THE EARLY POSTPARTUM DAIRY COW

1976 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. MANNS ◽  
G. RICHARDSON
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Cyclic Activity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Important Constraint ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Twenty-five lactating dairy cows were treated with either saline (control), 500 μg gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), GnRH + 10 mg estradiol 17β (E2), E2, or GnRH + E2 + 25 mg prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) at approximately 11 days postpartum. Blood samples were taken at the time of injection and then twice each week for about 30 days. Treatment with GnRH alone gave the largest LH peak; LH production appeared to be inhibited when E2 was given with GnRH. Plasma estrogen concentrations were above 1 ng/ml for 12 h in all animals receiving estrogen alone or in combination. None of the treatments hastened initiation of cyclic activity which began at an average of 19 days postpartum. It seems unlikely that postpartum anestrus is an important constraint to early rebreeding in dairy cows.

235 FOLLICULAR WAVE EMERGENCE AND DEVELOPMENT FOLLOWING ESTRADIOL PLUS PROGESTERONE AT A GROWING OR A STATIC PHASE OF THE DOMINANT FOLLICLE IN CIDR-TREATED, LACTATING DAIRY COWS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
U. H. Kim ◽  
G. H. Suh ◽  
I. H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Array Transducer ◽  
Static Phase

Treatment with estradiol benzoate (EB), compared to GnRH, in a controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based timed AI protocol induced relatively asynchronous follicular wave emergence, resulting in ovulation of smaller ovulating follicles (Kim et al. 2005 Theriogenology 63, 260-268). In this study, we compared new follicular wave emergence and development following treatment with EB (2 mg) plus progesterone (50 mg) at a growing (Day 3 after ovulation) or a static (Day 8) phase of the dominant follicle during the first follicular wave in CIDR-treated, lactating dairy cows. Previously synchronized, lactating dairy cows received CIDRs (InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand; Day 0) 3 days after ovulation and were assigned to two treatment groups and a control group. Cows in the T1 group (n = 11) received 2 mg EB (SY Esrone; Samyang, Seoul, Korea) and 50 mg P4 (SY Ovaron; Samyang) i.m., and those in the control group (n = 10) received no treatment at that time. Other previously synchronized cows received a CIDR (Day 0) with injections of 2 mg EB plus 50 mg P4 i.m. 8 days after ovulation (T2 group, n = 10). Thereafter, all cows received PGF2� (Lutalyse; Pharmacia & Upjohn, Puurs, Belgium) at the time of CIDR removal on Day 7, and GnRH (Conceral; Dongbang Co., Seoul, Korea) on Day 9. Ovaries of each cow were examined by transrectal ultrasonography (Sonoace 600 with 7.5 MHz linear-array transducer; Medison Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea) every 24 h from Days 0 to 9, on Day 11, and on Day 14 of treatment to observe changes in ovarian structures (follicles and corpora lutea (CL)). Data were analyzed by Fisher's exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and ANOVA using an SAS program (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). Follicular wave emergence occurred within 7 days in 3/10 of the control group, 9/11 of the T1 group, and 9/10 of the T2 group (P < 0.05). The interval to wave emergence did not differ (P > 0.05) among groups (3.7 � 1.2, 4.8 � 0.5, 5.9 � 0.3 days, respectively). While the diameters of dominant follicles on Day 0 were greater (P < 0.01) in the T2 group (14.3 � 1.2 mm) than in the control (9.4 � 0.6 mm) and T1 (10.5 � 0.7 mm) group, diameters of preovulatory follicles on Day 9 were significantly smaller (P < 0.01) in the T1 (13.6 � 0.7 mm) and T2 (12.3 � 0.5 mm) groups than in the control group (16.4 � 0.8 mm). Synchronized ovulation by 40 h after the GnRH injection (Day 11) occurred in 10/10 of the control group, 10/11 of the T1 group, and 9/10 of the T2 group (P > 0.05). In conclusion, administration of 2 mg EB plus 50 mg P4 at both a growing and a static phase of the dominant follicle during the first follicular wave results in synchronous follicular wave emergence and development and also synchronized ovulation in CIDR-treated, lactating dairy cows.

scholarly journals Luteal Presence and Ovarian Response at the Beginning of a Timed Artificial Insemination Protocol for Lactating Dairy Cows Affect Fertility: A Meta-Analysis

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551
Author(s):  
Stefan Borchardt ◽  
Alina Pohl ◽  
Wolfgang Heuwieser
Keyword(s):  
Relative Risk ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Rr Relative Risk

Progesterone (P4) concentration during follicular growth has a major impact on fertility response in timed artificial insemination (TAI) protocols. Luteal presence at the beginning of a TAI protocol and ovarian response after the first gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) injection (G1) affect P4 concentration and subsequently pregnancy per artificial insemination (P/AI). A systematic review of the literature and meta-analytical assessment was performed with the objective of evaluating the magnitude of the effect of luteal presence and ovarian response at the beginning of a TAI protocol on P/AI in lactating dairy cows. We considered only studies using synchronisation protocols consisting of GnRH and prostaglandin F 2α. The time interval between G1 and prostaglandin F 2α (PGF 2α) had to range from 5 to 7 d. The time interval between the PGF 2α injection and G2 had to range from 48 to 72 h. We used 28 controlled experiments from 27 published manuscripts including 16,489 cows with the objective of evaluating the effect size of having a functional corpus luteum (CL) at G1 on P/AI. Information regarding ovulatory response after G1 was available for 5676 cows. In a subset of cows (n = 4291), information was available for luteal presence and ovulatory response at the initiation of the TAI protocol. A functional CL at G1 increased (p < 0.001) the relative risk of conceiving (RR (relative risk) = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.21–1.45) in lactating dairy cows. Ovulation after G1 increased (p < 0.001) the relative risk of conceiving (RR = 1.29; 95% CI = 1.20–1.38) in lactating dairy cows. The effect of ovulatory response on P/AI after G1 was affected by luteal presence at G1. In summary, there was a clear benefit on P/AI for cows starting a TAI protocol with a functional CL (+10.5 percentage units) and cows ovulating at the beginning of a TAI protocol (+11.0 percentage units).

161 Increasing the dose of cloprostenol sodium reduced pregnancy losses but did not increase pregnancies per AI in lactating dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
T. Minela ◽  
A. Santos ◽  
E. Schuurmans ◽  
J. R. Pursley
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Luteal Function ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Incomplete luteolysis after last prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) of Ovsynch in fertility programmes decreases the likelihood of pregnancy per AI (P/AI) in lactating dairy cows (Martins et al. 2011 J. Dairy Sci. 94, 2815-2824; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3652). Two doses of PGF2α 24h apart increased the percentage of cows with complete luteolysis (Brusveen et al. 2009 J. Dairy Sci. 92, 1412-1422; https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1289). Increasing the dose of cloprostenol sodium (CLO) from 0.5 to 0.75mg enhanced luteolytic properties and increased P/AI (Giordano et al. 2013 Theriogenology 80, 773-783; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.07.003). We hypothesised that a 1.0-mg dose of CLO would not have different P/AI compared with two 0.5-mg doses 24h apart but would have greater P/AI than a single dose (0.5mg) in a timed AI programme. We also hypothesised that dose of CLO would not affect pregnancy losses. The objective was to determine the effect of cloprostenol dose on P/AI and pregnancy losses in lactating dairy cows. Lactating dairy cows (n=944) were randomly assigned to three treatments of various CLO doses at final PGF2α of Ovsynch: single dose (0.5 mg; n=338), two doses 24h apart (0.5mg each; n=311), or double dose (1.0 mg; n=295). Cows were randomly assigned to treatments by parity, synchronisation status, and type of AI (Double-Ovsynch (n=546) for first AI or GGPG (GnRH-GnRH-PGF2α-GnRH; n=398) for second and third AI). Cows were classified as either synchronised or non-synchronised based on evaluation of follicle and corpora lutea (CL) development during synchronisation protocols using ultrasound. Synchronised cows were defined as having at least one Day 7 and Day 14 CL at time of treatment. About 72% of all cows were classified as synchronised. Synchrony was not different between treatments. Within-cow pregnancy-specific protein B levels on Days 17 and 24 post-AI were used to determine pregnancy at 24 days. Pregnancy was confirmed via ultrasonography 34 days post-AI. All binomial variables were analysed using chi-square with PROC FREQ in SAS (SAS Institute Inc.). There were no differences between treatments on P/AI on d 24 post-AI (55, 50, and 53% for 0.5mg, two doses of 0.5mg 24h apart, and 1.0mg, respectively; P=0.35). At 24 days post-AI, P/AI were greater in synchronised versus non-synchronised cows (57 vs. 42%; P&lt;0.0001). Older cows (third parity or greater) had reduced P/AI (44%) compared with first-parity (60%) and second-parity (54%) cows at 24 days post-AI (P=0.0001). At 24 days post-AI, P/AI in cows inseminated following Double-Ovsynch were greater than those in cows that were resynchronised using GGPG (58 vs. 46%; P=0.0001). Pregnancy loss between 24 and 34 days post-AI was greater for cows receiving 0.5mg (single dose) versus two 0.5-mg doses 24h apart or 1.0mg (12, 6, and 5%, respectively; P=0.02). In summary, cows receiving a double dose (1.0mg) of CLO had similar P/AI to cows receiving two doses of 0.5mg 24h apart. Unexpectedly, P/AI at 24 days post-AI in cows from the single-dose group were not different from those of cows treated with a double dose and two doses 24h apart. Despite numerically higher P/AI, cows that received a single dose had greater pregnancy loss between 24 and 34 days post-AI. Further analyses of effects of treatment on luteal function assessed with colour Doppler may provide information about fertility outcomes.

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