scholarly journals Expression of N-acetylgalactosamine Residues on Ectoderm Cell Surfaces during Neurulation in the Bantam Chick Embryo

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Takahashi ◽  
Robert I. Howes ◽  
Tatsusuke Sato ◽  
Koichi Sukekawa
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Ectoderm Cell

Ultrastructural immunocytochemical localization of fibronectin in the early chick embryo

Development ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-170
Author(s):  
E. J. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Primitive Streak ◽  
Extracellular Material ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Mesoderm Cell ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Primary Location

Fibronectin was localized using peroxidase and biotin-avidin-ferritin techniques in developmental stages of the chick embryo from laying to primitive streak formation. The primary location of fibronectin at all stages examined was the basal lamina of the epiblast and its associated extracellular material. The remaining tissues showed little or no immunochemical deposit. At the primitive streak stage of development there were some regional differences in the density of the deposit on the basal lamina. Closely adjacent to the primitive streak, where the basal lamina is fragmentary, deposit was sparse or absent. In this, and other regions, mesoderm cell surfaces did not stain except where they closely approached the stained basal lamina or interstitial bodies. Staining was variable in the basal lamina anterior to the primitive streak, but in a number of cases particularly heavy deposit was noted overlying the crescent of late hypoblast. This area seemed to correspond with the anterior fibronectin- rich band reported by others using immunofluorescence localization.

scholarly journals The control of beating and of micro-fibrillation by means of potassium, calcium and sodium in the chick embryo heart potassium fibrillation

1938 ◽  
Vol 125 (841) ◽  
pp. 478-490
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Similar Relation ◽  
The Media ◽  
Chick Embryo Heart ◽  
Embryo Heart ◽  
The Right

In a previous paper (Murray 1938) it was shown that fibrillation by excess of calcium in the medium depended upon an abnormally high ratio between calcium at the cell surfaces and potassium in the cell interiors. In the present paper further experiments are described, from which it will be concluded that fibrillation by excess potassium in the medium depends upon a similar relation, but in this case between potassium at the cell surfaces and potassium, and perhaps also sodium, in the cell interiors. The methods used were the same as in the experiments described earlier (Murray 1938). The media were pure salines, or saline-glucose, in watch glasses. Table I gives the compositions of the various solutions. In the text, an arrow between the names of two solutions means that hearts were first treated in the solution on the left of the arrow and then transferred to the solution on the right. For further details, refer to the earlier paper.

The Fine Structure of Glycocalyx in Human Spermatozoa. A High Resolution Cytochemical Study

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 640-641
Author(s):  
P. Hernández-Jáuregui ◽  
A. Sosa ◽  
A. González Angulo
Keyword(s):  
Negative Charge ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Human Spermatozoa ◽  
Surface Coat ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Colloidal Iron ◽  
Cytochemical Study ◽  
Specific Permeability ◽  
Extracellular Glycoprotein ◽  
Mammalian Spermatozoa

Glycocalyx is the name given by Bennett to the extracellular glycoprotein coat present in some cell surfaces. It appears to play an important role in cell properties such as antigenicity, cell adhesivity, specific permeability, and ATP ase activity. In the sperm this coat can be directly related to such important phenomena as capacitation and fertilization. The presence of glycocalyx in invertebrate spermatozoa has already been demonstrated. Recently Yanagimachi et al. has determined the negative charges on sperm surfaces of mammalian spermatozoa including man, using colloidal iron hydroxide. No mention was made however of the outer surface coat as composed of substances other than those confering a negative charge. The purpose of this work was therefore to determine the presence of a glycocalyx in human spermatozoa using alcian blue and lanthanum staining.

Electron microscopy of endocardial cell populations

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 486-487
Author(s):  
T. G. Sarphie ◽  
C. R. Comer ◽  
D. J. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cellular Transformation ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Kb Cells ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Endocardial Cell

Previous ultrastructural studies have characterized surface morphology during norma cell cycles in an attempt to associate specific changes with specific metabolic processes occurring within the cell. It is now known that during the synthetic ("S") stage of the cycle, when DNA and other nuclear components are synthesized, a cel undergoes a doubling in volume that is accompanied by an increase in surface area whereby its plasma membrane is elaborated into a variety of processes originally referred to as microvilli. In addition, changes in the normal distribution of glycoproteins and polysaccharides derived from cell surfaces have been reported as depreciating after cellular transformation by RNA or DNA viruses and have been associated with the state of growth, irregardless of the rate of proliferation. More specifically, examination of the surface carbohydrate content of synchronous KB cells were shown to be markedly reduced as the cell population approached division Comparison of hamster kidney fibroblasts inhibited by vinblastin sulfate while in metaphase with those not in metaphase demonstrated an appreciable decrease in surface carbohydrate in the former.

Preservation of Plant Cell Surfaces For Scanning Electron Microscopy

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
Linda M. Sicko ◽  
Thomas E. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Critical Point ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Popular Method ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Scanning Electron

The use of critical point drying is rapidly becoming a popular method of preparing biological samples for scanning electron microscopy. The procedure is rapid, and produces consistent results with a variety of samples. The preservation of surface details is much greater than that of air drying, and the procedure is less complicated than that of freeze drying. This paper will present results comparing conventional air-drying of plant specimens to critical point drying, both of fixed and unfixed material. The preservation of delicate structures which are easily damaged in processing and the use of filter paper as a vehicle for drying will be discussed.

Otoconia formation in the chick embryo

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 572-573
Author(s):  
C.D. Fermin ◽  
M. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Gallus Domesticus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abnormal Behavior ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Basic Fuchsin ◽  
Gestational Period ◽  
Sensory Epithelia ◽  
Transmission Electron

Otoconia are microscopic geometric structures that cover the sensory epithelia of the utricle and saccule (gravitational receptors) of mammals, and the lagena macula of birds. The importance of otoconia for maintanance of the body balance is evidenced by the abnormal behavior of species with genetic defects of otolith. Although a few reports have dealt with otoconia formation, some basic questions remain unanswered. The chick embryo is desirable for studying otoconial formation because its inner ear structures are easily accessible, and its gestational period is short (21 days of incubation).The results described here are part of an intensive study intended to examine the morphogenesis of the otoconia in the chick embryo (Gallus- domesticus) inner ear. We used chick embryos from the 4th day of incubation until hatching, and examined the specimens with light (LM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The embryos were decapitated, and fixed by immersion with 3% cold glutaraldehyde. The ears and their parts were dissected out under the microscope; no decalcification was used. For LM, the ears were embedded in JB-4 plastic, cut serially at 5 micra and stained with 0.2% toluidine blue and 0.1% basic fuchsin in 25% alcohol.

Comparison of Choriocarcinoma and Normal Placenta

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 324-325
Author(s):  
John C. Garancis ◽  
Roland A. Pattillo ◽  
Robert O. Hussa ◽  
Jon V. Straumfjord
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Cell Surfaces ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Concomitant Increase ◽  
Gestational Choriocarcinoma ◽  
Cytoplasmic Glycogen ◽  
Normal Placenta

Two different cell lines (Be-Wo and Jar) of human gestational choriocarcinoma have been maintained in continuous tissue culture for a period of four and two years respectively without losing the ability to elaborate human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Tissue cultures, as revealed by electron microscopy, consisted of small cells with single nuclei. In some instances cell surfaces were provided with microvilli but more often the intercellular spaces were narrow and bridged by desmosomes. However, syncytium was not formed. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was poorly developed in both cell lines, except in some Be-Wo cells it was prominent. Golgi complex, lysosomes and numerous free ribosomes, as well as excessive cytoplasmic glycogen, were present in all cells (Fig. 1). Glycogen depletion and concomitant increase of ER were observed in many cells following a single dose of 10 ugm/ml of adrenalin added to medium (Fig. 2).

Morphological Examination of a Herpes-type Virus Indigenous for Tree Shrews

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
J. P. Brunschwig ◽  
R. M. McCombs ◽  
R. Mirkovic ◽  
M. Benyesh-Melnick
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Tree Shrew ◽  
Type Virus ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Tree Shrews ◽  
Embryo Cells

A new virus, established as a member of the herpesvirus group by electron microscopy, was isolated from spontaneously degenerating cell cultures derived from the kidneys and lungs of two normal tree shrews. The virus was found to replicate best in cells derived from the homologous species. The cells used were a tree shrew cell line, T-23, which was derived from a spontaneous soft tissue sarcoma. The virus did not multiply or did so poorly for a limited number of passages in human, monkey, rodent, rabbit or chick embryo cells. In the T-23 cells, the virus behaved as members of the subgroup B of herpesvirus, in that the virus remained primarily cell associated.

Scanning electron microscopic study of collagen fibrillogenesis and extracellular compartmentalization in the chick embryo tendon

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 208-209
Author(s):  
Grace C.H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Fibroblast Cell ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic Study ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
And Function

The size and organization of collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix is an important determinant of tissue structure and function. The synthesis and deposition of collagen involves multiple steps which begin within the cell and continue in the extracellular space. High-voltage electron microscopic studies of the chick embryo cornea and tendon suggested that the extracellular space is compartmentalized by the fibroblasts for the regulation of collagen fibril, bundle, and tissue specific macroaggregate formation. The purpose of this study is to gather direct evidence regarding the association of the fibroblast cell surface with newly formed collagen fibrils, and to define the role of the fibroblast in the control and the precise positioning of collagen fibrils, bundles, and macroaggregates during chick tendon development.

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