Study on the Relationship between Cell Area and Virus Titer of Rubella Virus Single Harvest Fluid

Bioprocess ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
通 解
Keyword(s):  
Rubella Virus ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
The Relationship

Statistical Model Estimating the Occurrence of Otitis Media from Temporal Bone Pneumatization

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Preben Homøe ◽  
Niels Rasmussen ◽  
Niels Lynnerup ◽  
Lene Theil Skovgaard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Temporal Bone Pneumatization ◽  
Middle Ear Disease ◽  
Temporal Bones ◽  
The Relationship

In order to investigate the relationship between the pneumatization of temporal bones and the occurrence of otitis media in Greenlandic Inuit, 36 Greenlandic Inuit were examined by radiography of the temporal bones. The pneumatized cell area was measured planimetrically. All subjects answered a questionnaire on infectious middle ear disease (IMED), and an objective otologic examination was performed. Nine persons of 34 (26%) reported IMED in childhood, and there was IMED reported in all pneumatized areas below 400 mm2. Based on bilateral area measures, a polychotomous logistic regression model was applied. The occurrence of IMED was shown to be associated with smaller areas, and unilateral IMED was associated with pronounced asymmetry. The model has enabled risk assessment, and 8 persons were designated by the model as having had IMED with a sensitivity of 67% (confidence interval 30% to 93%) and a specificity of 92% (confidence interval 74% to 99%). When the model was applied to a historical anthropological Inuit material from 1700 to 1800 AD, 6 of 56 crania were designated as having had IMED. This method has improved the accuracy of estimating the occurrence of IMED in ancient populations.

scholarly journals Virus titer as a disease resistance indicator in tomato

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-617
Author(s):  
Sajid Ali ◽  
Ammara Fatima ◽  
Sana Khalid ◽  
Farah Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
High Level ◽  
Tomato Leaf Curl ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Major Reduction

Tomato leaf curl new Delhi virus, a geminivirus with a wide host range is a contagious pathogen of tomato, which also infects many other crops and weeds. Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), a polyphagous vector, is the agent responsible for its spread on a large scale. The pathogen is responsible for a major reduction in the yield of tomato. Ten commercial cultivars of tomato plant were selected to evaluate the effect of virus titer on crop yield. The yield potential along with other traits of these cultivars was assessed on the basis of symptom development, and virus DNA accumulation. The relationship between the virus titer, symptom severity, and agro-economic traits were established. The present results explain that the high level of virus accumulation in plant tissue results in the development of severe symptoms and leads to a major reduction in yield in case of susceptible cultivars, but this is not true for the cultivars showing intermediate resistance. The virus DNA remains low and approximately constant in resistant cultivars and has minimal effect on the yield and health of tomato.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF MATERNAL ANTIBODY, BREAST FEEDING, AND AGE TO THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF NEWBORN INFANTS TO INFECTION WITH ATTENUATED POLIOVIRUSES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Robert J. Warren ◽  
Martha L. Lepow ◽  
Glenn E. Bartsch ◽  
Frederick C. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Titer ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Maternal Antibody ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Milk Feeding

1. Over 1,000 infants were fed attenuated polioviruses during the first 3 months of life and susceptibility to infection with these agents was shown to be related to dose of virus, titer of maternal antibody, method of milk feeding, and age at vaccination. 2. Larger doses of virus elicited a response in a high proportion of infants, but even the smallest dose employed was of nearly optimal effectiveness in infants with little or no maternal antibody. 3. No significant differences between the 3 types of polioviruses were observed other than those which could be related to differences in maternal antibody titer for the 3 types. 4. Maternal antibody had a direct relationship to the incidence of infection, particularly in breast-fed babies and in bottle-fed infants vaccinated on the first day of life. 5. Human milk contains poliovirus neutralizing substances (probably antibody but not specifically characterized) in concentrations related to the antibody titer in the mother's serum. However, a number of significant discrepancies between the antibody content of the serum and milk or colostrum were observed. It is postulated that infection is prevented by neutralization of the virus in the lumen of the infant's gut. 6. Susceptibility of bottle-fed babies increases rapidly during the first three days of life, but remains relatively unchanged thereafter. A reasonable hypothesis to explain this phenomenon is that maternal antibody in the infant's gut, whether from ingested amniotic fluid or by leakage from his circulation into the intestine, inactivates virus given on the first few days of life, but not later.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus in Rice and Implication for Virus Acquisition

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichiro Matsukura ◽  
Tomomi Towata ◽  
Junichi Sakai ◽  
Masatoshi Onuki ◽  
Mitsuru Okuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Relationship

A novel viral disease of rice caused by Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) has spread throughout East and Southeast Asia since the mid-2000s. Outbreaks of this viral disease occur yearly in southern parts of Japan concurrently with overseas migration of the planthopper vector Sogatella furcifera from southern China during the rainy season (from late June to early July). We examined the dynamics (changes in titer and localization) of SRBSDV on rice using reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction and determined the relationship between virus titer in plants and virus acquisition by S. furcifera. Under a constant temperature of 27°C, a substantial increase of SRBSDV titer in the leaf sheath together with typical symptoms (stunted growth and twisting of leaf tips) was observed at 20 days after the end of a 7-day exposure of viruliferous S. furcifera. Approximately 40% of S. furcifera acquired SRBSDV through feeding for 5 days on rice plants that were infected following exposure to viruliferous vectors for 10 to 15 days. These results suggest that rice infected by S. furcifera can be a source of SRBSDV before the next generation of S. furcifera emerges.

scholarly journals Crystallographic Evaluation of Susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion in Austenitic Stainless Steel with Various Degrees of Sensitization

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Fujii ◽  
Takaya Furumoto ◽  
Keiichiro Tohgo ◽  
Yoshinobu Shimamura
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Coincidence Site Lattice ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Cell Area ◽  
Sigmoid Curve ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion (IGC) in austenitic stainless steel with various degrees of sensitization (DOSs) from a microstructural viewpoint based on the coincidence site lattice (CSL) model. IGC testing was conducted using oxalic acid and type 304 stainless steel specimens with electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) ratios that varied from 3 to 30%. As a measure of IGC susceptibility, the width of the corroded groove was used. The relationship between IGC susceptibility, grain boundaries (GB) structure, and EPR ratio of the specimens was evaluated. As a result, the IGC susceptibility cannot be characterized using the Σ value, irrespective of the DOS of the specimen. The IGC susceptibility increases with increasing unit cell area of CSL boundaries, which is a measure of the stability of the CSL boundaries, and then levels off. The relationship between the IGC susceptibility and unit cell area is sigmoidal, irrespective of the DOS of the specimen. The sigmoid curve shifts rightward and the upper bound of IGC susceptibility decreases with decreasing DOS of the specimen.

scholarly journals Host-Specific Relationship Between Virus Titer and Whitefly Transmission of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Wintermantel ◽  
Robert L. Gilbertson ◽  
James D. McCreight ◽  
Eric T. Natwick
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Virus Titer ◽  
Southwestern United States ◽  
Imperial Valley ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Virus Acquisition ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
Biotype B ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
The Relationship

Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV; genus Crinivirus, family Closteroviridae) was identified in the melon (Cucumis melo) production regions of the desert southwestern United States in fall 2006. It is now well established in the region, where it is transmitted efficiently by the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci biotype B (MEAM1). In order to evaluate the spread and establishment of the virus, nearly all spring and fall cucurbit fields planted in the Imperial Valley of California from 2007 to 2009 were surveyed and representative plants were tested for CYSDV infection. Incidence of CYSDV in spring melon fields was initially low and limited to a small number of fields in 2007 but increased to 63% of fields by spring 2009. Virus incidence in fall melon fields was 100% in each year. These results suggested that the virus had become established in native vegetation, weeds, and other crop species, and represented an increasing threat to melon production in the southwestern United States. Therefore, a select set of weed and crop species which grow or are cultivated in the Imperial Valley were evaluated as CYSDV reservoir hosts. For each species, we determined the capacity of CYSDV to accumulate, the relationship between virus titer in these source plants and transmission by whiteflies, as well as subsequent accumulation in inoculated cucurbit plants. Among these hosts, there was considerable variation in virus accumulation and transmission rates. Cucurbit hosts had the highest CYSDV titers, were efficient sources for virus acquisition, and showed a positive correlation between titer in source plants and transmission. Noncucurbit hosts had significantly lower CYSDV titers and varied in their capacity to serve as sources for transmission. CYSDV titers in some noncucurbit source plants, specifically common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and shepherd’s purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris), were not positively correlated with transmission, demonstrating that additional environmental, physical, or biochemical factors were involved. These results demonstrate that multiple factors influence the efficiency with which a host plant species will be a reservoir for vector transmission of virus to crops.

Interstellar gas in the central region of the Galaxy

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 239-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Continuum Emission ◽  
Galactic Centre ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Hydrogen Recombination ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Centre Region ◽  
The Relationship

A review is given of information on the galactic-centre region obtained from recent observations of the 21-cm line from neutral hydrogen, the 18-cm group of OH lines, a hydrogen recombination line at 6 cm wavelength, and the continuum emission from ionized hydrogen.Both inward and outward motions are important in this region, in addition to rotation. Several types of observation indicate the presence of material in features inclined to the galactic plane. The relationship between the H and OH concentrations is not yet clear, but a rough picture of the central region can be proposed.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

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