scholarly journals ANTHROPOGENIC AND GEOGENIC CONTAMINATION DUE TO HEAVY METALS IN THE VAST AREA OF VARI, ATTICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G. Serelis ◽  
I.G. Kafkala ◽  
K. Parpodis ◽  
S. Lazaris
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Vast Area

The purpose of this work was to investigate the soil heavy metal contamination of the area between Koropi and Vari, in Attica, Greece and to determine their anthropogenic or/and geogenic-lithogenic origin. Soil samples were taken from two different depths of 23 uncultivated sampling sites. Determined heavy-metal concentrations ranged widely; mean values in several sites were elevated and much higher than the soil grand mean worldwide. The higher Co and Ni contamination was found in the lower soil depth (10-25cm), while for Cd, Zn, and Pb in the upper depth (0-10cm). These results, in connection with the performed Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis, indicate that there are two contamination sources. The first, concerning Co-Ni, is a geogenic-lithogenic source and the second, concerning Zn-Cd and Pb, is considered as an anthropogenic source. Since in the study area there is no evidence of an existing anthropogenic source (e.g. an industry) and the parent material does not confirm and give reason for the elevated Zn, Cd and Pb contents, it could be concluded that this contamination was due to ancient metallurgical activities in the area.

The Sources of Lead Pollution in a Tropical Soil Chronosequence Based on Lead Isotope

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwu LI ◽  
Jinlin Yang ◽  
Ganlin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Soil Chronosequence ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Global Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Significant Addition

Abstract Soil is important contributor to global biogeochemical cycles and often receives anthropogenic Pb contamination. Hainan soil chronosequence developed on basalt had provided a good opportunity to identify and quantify the relative contributions of Pb sources in remote tropical areas. The results revealed that Pb concentrations and isotopic ratios of the soils were clearly affected by anthropogenic source. The Pb concentrations and percentage changes of Pb/Th ratios showed significantly Pb enrichment. The low 206Pb/207Pb values of upper soils indicated a significant addition of extraneous Pb, whereas deeper soils showed a dominantly basaltic source. The 208Pb/206Pb vs. 206Pb/207Pb diagram of soils clearly indicated inputs of parent material and anthropogenic Pb sources. We also calculated the mass fractions of anthropogenic-derived Pb (ƒPbanthropogenic) based on isotope mass balance. The ƒPbanthropogenic values showed a generally decreasing trend with soil depth, implying a significant addition of anthropogenic Pb in top soils. The contribution of anthropogenic Pb in Hainan soil chronosequence highlighted the significance of anthropogenic contamination to soils globally.

DIVA-GIS based insight into geographical distribution and diversity spectrum of Indian sunnhemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) accessions suitable for diversified applications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Maruthi ◽  
A. A. Kumar ◽  
S. B. Choudhary ◽  
H. K. Sharma ◽  
Jiban Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
North West ◽  
Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

Commercial prospects of sunnhemp inspired present study to understand geographical distribution pattern(s) and to scale agro-morphological diversity spectrum of forty-four sunnhemp accessions naturalized across diverse habitats of India. Field experiment revealed broad spectrum diversity for all the 11 agro-morphological traits. Wider range of plant height (110.50 to 173.17 cm), number of pods per plant (35.33 to 143.00), seeds per pod (6.33-15.17g) and seed yield per plant (8.27-29.43g) highlighted the adequacy of present genetic resources to improve sunnhemp for diversified applications. Principal component analysis of the agro-morphological characters identified the first PC with 1109.6 eigen value explaining 61.70% of total variation followed by PC-II (22.9%) and PC-III (11.1%). In PC-I significant contribution was made by traits like NLP, NPP and PH. Agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis grouped all accessions into four distinct seed producing clusters irrespective of their origin. Cluster wise mean values suggested that cluster-II is the best with outstanding trait values for majority of traits. DIVA-GIS based analysis identified accessions from Rajasthan, Western Gujarat and Jharkhand with high diversity index for number of leaves/plant. But, accessions from North West Jharkhand and Maharashtra with highest diversity index for seed yield/plant.

HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS IN HALTON REGION SOILS: AN ASSESSMENT FOR FUTURE MUNICIPAL SLUDGE UTILIZATION

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 893-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. WEBBER ◽  
A. SHAMESS
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Municipal Sludge ◽  
Grid Pattern ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentrations ◽  
Sludge Application

Studies were conducted to determine: (a) the heavy metal concentrations in Halton Region agricultural soils; and (b) whether a 1984 estimate of at least 39 yr for practicing land application of sludge in the Region was valid. Soil samples were taken on a regular grid pattern from the agricultural area of the Region. In a very large proportion of the samples, heavy metal concentrations were less than the maximum permissible values for sludge application to land in Ontario and in most of the samples, they were less than or approximately equal to the mean values for uncontaminated soils in Ontario. In a small proportion of the samples, heavy metal concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible values for sludge application to land in Ontario. These samples were obtained mainly west of the Niagara Escarpment in the southwest corner of the Region and the offending metals were primarily Pb and Zn. High Pb and Zn concentrations in these soils were not related to sludge application but were naturally occurring and probably were derived from Pb and Zn sulfides in the soil parent material. It was concluded that sludge may be applied on a very large proportion of the agricultural land in Halton Region and that the 1984 estimate of at least 39 yr for continuing this practice was valid. Moreover, in view of recent reductions in annual sludge quantity for land application in the Region and in sludge Cd concentration, the 39-yr estimate was considered to be conservative. Key words: Heavy metals, cadmium, Halton Region, municipal sludge, land application

scholarly journals Assessment of Contamination Potential of Groundwater Adjacent to the Waste Disposal Site at Khulna: Contamination Indices, Multivariate Statistics and Geostatistical Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Islam M Rafizul ◽  
Debatosh Banik Partha
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Waste Disposal Site ◽  
Metal Elements ◽  
Contamination Indices ◽  
Geostatistical Approach

This study aimed to evaluate the contamination potential of groundwater using various contamination indices available in the literature. To these attempts, fifteen groundwater samples were collected during rainy and dry seasons from the selected tubewells located nearby waste disposal site at Rajbandh, Khulna, Bangladesh. In the laboratory, the concentration of metal elements such as Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cd, Na, K, Ca, As and Mg in groundwater were measured through stanadard methods. The contamination indices such as groundwater quality index (GWQI), degree of contamination (Cd), heavy metal evaluation index (HEI) and heavy metal contamination index (HPI) were used to quantify the level of contamination of groundwater. The values of GWQI, Cd, HEI and HPI of groundwater were found less in rainy season than that of dry season due to dilution of groundwater. GWQI reveals that 26.67% of tubewells yield very poor, while, 73.33% of poor water condition. The result of principal component analysis (PCA) indicates that As contamination in groundwater caused from anthropogenic activities, while, Na, Ca and Mg from natural sources. Pearson’s correlations indicates that most of the metal elements were in highly positive correlations with each other. The spatial distribution of various indices reveals that contamination of groundwater was found comparatively higher in the nearest tubewells and decreases in relation to the increasing of water sampling distances. The outcome of this study will further be helpful for other researchers to quantify the level of contamination of groundwater from tubewells. Journal of Engineering Science 12(1), 2021, 9-20

scholarly journals Chemometric approach to evaluate heavy metals’ content in Daucus Carota from different localities in Serbia

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 643-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mitic ◽  
Vesna Stankov-Jovanovic ◽  
Snezana Tosic ◽  
Aleksandra Pavlovic ◽  
Jelena Cvetkovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Heavy Metal Content ◽  
Chemometric Methods ◽  
Chemometric Approach ◽  
Components Analysis

The aim of this study was to evaluate heavy metal content in carrots (Daucus carota) from the different localities in Serbia and assess by the cluster analysis (CA) and principal components analysis (PCA) the heavy metal contamination of carrots from these areas. Carrot was collected at 13 locations in five districts. Chemometric methods (CA and PCA) were applied to classify localities according to heavy metal content in carrots. CA separated localities into two statistical significant clusters. PCA permitted the reduction of 12 variables to four principal components explaining 79.94% of the total variance. The first most important principal component was strongly associated with the value of Cu, Sb, Pb and Tl. This study revealed that CA and PCA appear useful tools for differentiation of localities in different districts using the profile of heavy metal in carrot samples.

scholarly journals Analysis and Source Identification of Heavy Metals in Soils of Central Urban Area of Chongqing, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wende Chen ◽  
Kun Zhu ◽  
Yankun Cai ◽  
Peihao Peng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metal Pollution ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Central City ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Heavy Metal ◽  
Component Loading

Abstract In megacities, due to frequent human activities, large amounts of metals enter the soil indirectly or directly and eventually flow to people through the food chain. Therefore, the analysis and identification of soil heavy metal sources is an important part of revealing soil heavy metal pollution. The spatial content and potential sources of 11 heavy metals were analyzed from 342 surface soil samples collected from the central city of Chongqing in southwest China. The results showed that the main heavy metal elements under the first principal component loading were copper (Cu), nickel(Ni), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cr), plumbum (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The second principal component (F2) was mainly loaded with molybdenum (Mo), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg) and antimony (Sb), and the PCA-APCs receptor model of 11 heavy metals was constructed. The PCA-APCs receptor models of 11 heavy metals were constructed. The results of classification regression analysis confirmed the main sources of heavy metals. Population density mainly affected Cu (0.539), soil mainly affected Ni (0.411), Sb (0.493), Zn (0.472) and Mn (0.206), and water quality mainly affected As (0.453) and Mo (0.374). Air quality mainly affects Cd (0.332) and Cr (0.371), traffic activity mainly affects Hg (0.312), and slope mainly affects Pb (0.313). Hot spot analysis showed that heavy metals had a high degree of coincidence with environmental factors such as soil parent material, slope, soil type and traffic activities. The results of this study can be effectively used to make scientific decisions and strategies, and an effective strategy for prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution should be formulated to protect the urban soil environmental quality.

Heavy Metal Distribution and Sources in Pineapple-Growing Agricultural Soil in Hainan Province, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 1003-1008
Author(s):  
Zhen Zhen Ma ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Zheng Yu Bao ◽  
Guo Ai Wu ◽  
Yang Rong Fu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Horizontal Distribution ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Hainan Province ◽  
Soil Parent Material ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

An investigation on heavy metal content in agricultural soil growing pineapples was carried out in Hainan Province. The horizontal and vertical distribution of heavy metal in different areas was studied. The sources of heavy metal were conducted using principal component analysis. Generally the study areas were less affected by human activity factors and the overall environmental quality was quite better. The uneven horizontal distribution of heavy metal was controlled mainly by the soil parent material and the vertical distribution of heavy metal was limited by both the role of human activities and the natural effect combined.

Application of Principal Component Analysis for the Estimation of Source of Heavy Metal Contamination in Sugarcane Soil

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1402-1409
Author(s):  
Gui Ping Xu ◽  
Xiao Fei Wang ◽  
Li Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk

Concentrations of heavy metals in sugarcane soil of Guangxi were determined and the potential ecological risk index was used simultaneously to evaluate the extent of heavy metals enrichment contamination. Results showed that the pollution extent of heavy metals in sugarcane soil by potential ecological risk followed the order: Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn, Cu and Zn were slightly polluted, with small potential ecological harm, while Pb and Cd were above moderately polluted, with heavy potential ecological harm. Principal component analysis was applied to estimate the sources of heavy metals contamination, the results indicated that the first two components accounted for 61.016% and 26.920% of the total variance respectively, 4 kinds of heavy metal elements had similar sources, tailing dam lead-zinc concentrator upstream along the coast was the main sources of heavy metal contamination.

Source Apportionment of Heavy Metals (Pb, Cd, As, Hg) in PM2.5 and PM10 in a City in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 908 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Zhuang Li ◽  
Run Li Zou ◽  
Juan Sheng Li ◽  
Jin Huang ◽  
Bang Hui Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Source Apportionment ◽  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Atmosphere Environment ◽  
Heavy Metal Cd

In this paper, the contamination of heavy metals in atmospheric particles of PM2.5 and PM10 in a city in China was analyzed, meanwhile the sources of different heavy metals (Cd, Hg, As and Pb) in atmospheric particles (PM2.5 and PM10) were confirmed by source apportionment in a city in China area through principal component analytical method. The research results showed that the heavy metals in PM2.5 and PM10 contaminated the atmosphere environment dramatically. The heavy metal Cd, Hg and Pb came mainly from incomplete combustion of petrol, while the heavy metal of As was the product of electronic metallurgy, which provides the theoretical basis for controlling of atmospheric heavy metal contamination. This method can be also applied to source apportionment of other heavy metals in atmosphere environment.

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