The Sources of Lead Pollution in a Tropical Soil Chronosequence Based on Lead Isotope

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwu LI ◽  
Jinlin Yang ◽  
Ganlin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Soil Chronosequence ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
Global Biogeochemical Cycles ◽  
Significant Addition

Abstract Soil is important contributor to global biogeochemical cycles and often receives anthropogenic Pb contamination. Hainan soil chronosequence developed on basalt had provided a good opportunity to identify and quantify the relative contributions of Pb sources in remote tropical areas. The results revealed that Pb concentrations and isotopic ratios of the soils were clearly affected by anthropogenic source. The Pb concentrations and percentage changes of Pb/Th ratios showed significantly Pb enrichment. The low 206Pb/207Pb values of upper soils indicated a significant addition of extraneous Pb, whereas deeper soils showed a dominantly basaltic source. The 208Pb/206Pb vs. 206Pb/207Pb diagram of soils clearly indicated inputs of parent material and anthropogenic Pb sources. We also calculated the mass fractions of anthropogenic-derived Pb (ƒPbanthropogenic) based on isotope mass balance. The ƒPbanthropogenic values showed a generally decreasing trend with soil depth, implying a significant addition of anthropogenic Pb in top soils. The contribution of anthropogenic Pb in Hainan soil chronosequence highlighted the significance of anthropogenic contamination to soils globally.

scholarly journals ANTHROPOGENIC AND GEOGENIC CONTAMINATION DUE TO HEAVY METALS IN THE VAST AREA OF VARI, ATTICA

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.G. Serelis ◽  
I.G. Kafkala ◽  
K. Parpodis ◽  
S. Lazaris
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Anthropogenic Source ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Vast Area

The purpose of this work was to investigate the soil heavy metal contamination of the area between Koropi and Vari, in Attica, Greece and to determine their anthropogenic or/and geogenic-lithogenic origin. Soil samples were taken from two different depths of 23 uncultivated sampling sites. Determined heavy-metal concentrations ranged widely; mean values in several sites were elevated and much higher than the soil grand mean worldwide. The higher Co and Ni contamination was found in the lower soil depth (10-25cm), while for Cd, Zn, and Pb in the upper depth (0-10cm). These results, in connection with the performed Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis, indicate that there are two contamination sources. The first, concerning Co-Ni, is a geogenic-lithogenic source and the second, concerning Zn-Cd and Pb, is considered as an anthropogenic source. Since in the study area there is no evidence of an existing anthropogenic source (e.g. an industry) and the parent material does not confirm and give reason for the elevated Zn, Cd and Pb contents, it could be concluded that this contamination was due to ancient metallurgical activities in the area.

scholarly journals Trace Metal Distribution and Mobility in Soils after Silvicultural Thinning and Burning

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Ngowari Jaja ◽  
Monday Mbila ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Silvicultural thinning and burning are common management practices that are widely used to address ecosystem problems such as tree stocking and general forest health. However, high-severity fire has variable effects on soils, resulting in damages which are directly or indirectly reflected on the trace metal chemistry of the soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the trace metal variation at the Bankhead National Forest in Northern Alabama following the silvicultural thinning and burning. The experimental site had treatments consisting of two burning patterns and three levels of thinning as part of an overall treatment of three burning patterns and three levels of thinning applied to nine treatment plots to fit a completely randomized block design experiment. Four treatments sites were used for this study and samples were collected from soil profile pits excavated at representative plots within each treatment. The samples were analyzed for trace metals-As, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb-using Perkin Elmer 2100 ICP-OES. Post treatment samples indicated that the trace metal concentrations generally decreased with soil depth. Copper, Ni, and Zn at the Pre-burn site gradually increased with depth to a maximum concentration at about 50 cm below the soil surface. Arsenic in the surface horizons increased by 156% in the burn-only sites, 54% in the thin-only treatment, 30% for the burn and thin treatments. Such differences were unlikely due to differences in the geochemistry of the parent material, but likely due to anthropogenic activities and possibly the forest management practices in question.

scholarly journals Soil Carbon Sequestrations in Forest Soils in Relation to Parent Material and Soil Depth in South-Eastern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 400-409
Author(s):  
Chinonso Millicent Chris-Emenyonu ◽  
Emmanuel Uzoma Onweremadu ◽  
John Didacus Njoku ◽  
Chioma Mildred Ahukaemere ◽  
Benarden Ngozi Aririguzo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
South Eastern

USE OF A SOIL CHRONOSEQUENCE TO CALIBRATE SOXHLET GENERATED CHRONOFUNCTIONS

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
G. A. SINGLETON ◽  
L. M. LAVKULICH
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Acetic Acid Solution ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Calibration Technique ◽  
Predictive Equations ◽  
Soil Chronosequence ◽  
Time Calibration ◽  
Soil Buffering

A calcium-bound phosphate (PCa) chronofunction from a Vancouver Island soil chronosequence was compared mathematically with a chronofunction produced by leaching parent materials from the soil chronosequence with 0.3 M acetic acid for up to 24 wk in modified soxhlet extractors. The equivalent of approximately 13 yr of PCa weathering in the surface 10 cm of the chronosequence soils was achieved by one week of leaching in the soxhlets. After 24 wk of soxhlet leaching, the parent material samples lost approximately 20% of their original 220 g weight and resembled Ae horizon samples from the soil chronosequence. Equations derived from the change in elemental composition of the soxhlet-leached parent material samples were used with the elemental composition of the top 10 cm of the youngest soil (127 yr) in the chronosequence to predict the elemental composition of the top 10 cm of the oldest soil in the chronosequence (550 yr). The predictive equations were useful for elements such as Ca, Na, K, Al, Si and PCa, whereas the amount of Mg and Fe remaining in the soil chronosequence was overestimated, due to the inability of the acetic acid solution to attack ferro-magnesian minerals. An equation relating the weight of soil residues to soxhlet leaching time predicted that the chronosequence soils would experience a lowering landscape rate of 0.05 mm yr−1. The soxhlet leaching and field-time calibration technique described is considered by the authors to be useful for other applications, such as predicting loss of soil buffering constituents due to acid rain or predicting rates of release of elements from contaminated soils. Key words: Soil chronofunctions, soil chronosequence, soxhlet weathering, leaching

scholarly journals Nutrient reserves in Southland soils

1992 ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
C.C. Boswell ◽  
W.H. Risk ◽  
R.P. Littleiohn ◽  
B. Swanney ◽  
G.M. Gray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Southern Coast ◽  
Pastoral Systems ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Systems ◽  
Nutrient Reserves ◽  
Carbon Concentrations ◽  
High Phosphate ◽  
Zonal Soils

The major plant nutrients in soils were measured from 53 Southland sites arranged along 4 transects which extended inland from the southern coast and one which extended westwards from Papatowai on the east coast to Manapouri in the west. Soil samples were taken from 8 depths: O-75.75-150, 150-225, 225-300, 300-450, 450-600, 600-750, and 750-900 mm, at each site. In zonal soils, sulphate accumulated deeper in the soil profile and declined logarithmically with distance from the southern coast. In recent soils there was little accumulation in the profile. Rainfall sulphur is the most likely source of the reserves. Magnesium accumulated deep in the profile of inland soils in western transects, suggesting that serpentine rock parent material was its source. Generally, available phosphorus, calcium, potassium, total nitrogen and organic carbon concentrations were greatest in the surface layer of soil and declined with soil depth. However, very high phosphate reserves were present deep in the profile at a few specific inland sites. Short-term sustainable agricultural systems could involve the utilisation of at least some of these reserves. This would require the encouragement of deeper-rooting of plants than currently occurs under pastoral systems. Keywords magnesium, nutrient reserves, phosphorus, Southland, sulphate, sustainable agriculture, transects

scholarly journals The Pedospheric Variation of DTPA-Extractable Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Other Physicochemical Characteristics in Major Soil Orders in Existing Land Use Systems of Punjab, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal ◽  
Vivek Sharma ◽  
Janpriya Kaur ◽  
Arvind Kumar Shukla ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Mineralogy ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
Extractable Micronutrients ◽  
Extractable Zn

The agricultural production in Punjab has increased manifold that aggravated the deficiencies of micronutrients in soils and plants. The availability of soil micronutrients in different soil orders depends upon the soil mineralogy, topography, climatic conditions and cropping sequences. Hence, to study the pedospheric variations of DTPA-extractable micronutrients, viz., zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and copper (Cu), in three prominent soil orders of Punjab, a total of 144 depth-wise soil samples were collected from four major land-use systems (cultivated, horticulture, forest and pasture lands). The DTPA extractable micronutrients varied from 1.74–2.81, 1.83–2.82 and 1.81–2.80 for Zn; 5.3–6.8, 5.6–6.9, 4.3–6.3 for Fe; 5.1–7.8, 5.5–7.9, 5.4–7.5 for Mn; and 0.84–1.40, 0.93–1.68, 0.87–1.65 for Cu in soil orders Aridisol, Entisol and Inceptisol, respectively. The average content of DTPA-extractable micronutrients was highest under soil order Entisol followed by Inceptisol and Aridisol. The content of micronutrients showed a declining trend with increase in soil depth in all orders. Among different soil properties, the pH and EC showed significantly negative correlation, however, OC had non-significant correlation with DTPA-extractable micronutrients in soils. Therefore, it is concluded that parent material, land use systems and soil depth affected the distribution of DTPA extractable micronutrients in different soil orders.

Cadmium distribution and inventories at a pre-European seabird breeding site on agricultural land, Banks Peninsula, New Zealand

Soil Research ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Hawke
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Hill Country ◽  
Agricultural Site

Cadmium distribution was determined at a hill country agricultural site with no history of fertiliser application, but where pre-European seabird breeding occurred. Total Cd concentrations were measured in 2 depth profiles on the ridgeline, and in surface soil (0–15 cm; 15 ridgeline and 7 sideslope transects). Concentrations were low (range 0.04–0.13 mg/kg) for New Zealand agricultural soils. Concentrations were independent of stock camps (locations frequented by grazing animals), altitude, soil depth, organic matter, and N and P concentrations. Surface Cd concentrations on the sideslope were significantly higher than the ridgeline. Inventories from the 2 ridgeline profiles (29.9 ± 2.4 mg/m2; 18.4 ± 1.5 mg/m2) were higher than the 16 mg/m2 and 7 mg/m2, respectively, predicted from the loess and basalt parent material concentrations; surface soil concentrations also exceeded those predicted from parent materials. Together, these results suggest that agricultural activity has not significantly redistributed Cd, and that external sources have contributed a large proportion of soil Cd. Atmospheric input was too low to explain all of the observed enrichment. Instead, Cd distribution was consistent with seabird input concentrated in the deeper soils of the sideslope rather than the relatively thin soils of the ridgeline.

High Andean Soil Landscapes Shaped by Interactions between Geomorphology, Vegetation, and Hydrology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veerle Vanacker ◽  
Armando Molina ◽  
Santiago Zhiminaicela ◽  
Marife Corre ◽  
Edzo Veldkamp
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Vegetation Communities ◽  
Environmental Controls

<p>Physical and chemical weathering processes fulfil a crucial function in the biogeochemistry of terrestrial ecosystems. Rock‐derived weathering products provide essential plant nutrients, and regulate the chemical composition of soil, surface, and groundwater. The rate and extent of chemical weathering are influenced by the combined effects of climate, parent material, topography, and vegetation, and ultimately determine the mineral composition and element ratios of soil material. Understanding the spatial variation of rock‐derived weathering products across heterogeneous landscapes not only relies on knowledge of the environmental controls but also of their interactions.</p><p>High Andean tropical ecosystems provide a good opportunity to study the association between chemical weathering, local topography and vegetation patterns: the climate, parent material and soil age can be held constant at the landscape scale, while the vegetation and slope morphology can vary greatly from the hilltops to the valley bottoms. In this study, we selected 10 soil toposequences on andesitic flows: 5 under tussock grasses, 3 under cushion forming plants and 2 under native forest. A marginally significant increase in base cation depletion is observed along topographic gradients that can be associated with physical transport of weathered soil particles downslope or subsurface water fluxes. Beyond the hillslope-scale topographic control on chemical weathering extent, we observed highly significant differences in chemical weathering extent between vegetation communities with total mass losses in forest soils being respectively 19% and 22% higher than in grasslands and cushion forming plants. Although biotic factors can play a role in creating the observed patterns in soil development, the vegetation communities can also hint to the existence of hillslope micro-topography and subsurface hydrological patterns that are challenging to map in the field.</p>

Parent material uniformity and degree of weathering in a soil chronosequence, northwestern Italy

CATENA ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ajmone Marsan ◽  
D.C. Bain ◽  
D.M.L. Duthie
Keyword(s):  
Parent Material ◽  
Soil Chronosequence ◽  
Material Uniformity

scholarly journals Major and Trace Elements in Moldavian Orchard Soil and Fruits: Assessment of Anthropogenic Contamination

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inga Zinicovscaia ◽  
Rodica Sturza ◽  
Octavian Duliu ◽  
Dmitrii Grozdov ◽  
Svetlana Gundorina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contamination Factor ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Anthropogenic Contamination ◽  
Transfer Factors ◽  
Mass Fractions ◽  
Accumulation Index ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Almost All

The correct assessment of the presence of potentially contaminating elements in soil, as well as in fruits cultivated and harvested from the same places has major importance for both the environment and human health. To address this task, in the case of the Republic of Moldova where the fruit production has a significant contribution to the gross domestic product, the mass fractions of 37 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Ca, Si, K, Mn, Fe, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Th, and U) were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis in soil collected from four Moldavian orchards. In the case of three types of fruits, grapes, apples, and plums, all of them collected from the same places, only 22 elements (Na, Mg, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Br, Rb, Sr, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Th, and U) were detected. The enrichment factor, contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, as well as pollution load index were calculated to assess the soil contamination. At the same time, the metal uptake from the soil into fruits was estimated by means of transfer factors. Soil samples showed for almost all elements mass fractions closer to the upper continental crust with the exception of a slightly increased content of As, Br, and Sb, but without overpassing the officially defined alarm thresholds. In the case of fruits, the hazard quotients for all elements with the exception of Sb in fruits collected in two orchards were below unity. A subsequent discriminant analysis allowed grouping all fruits according to their type and provenance.

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