The geological structure of Kastas hill archaeological site, Amphipolis, eastern Macedonia, Greece

This paper presents research results on the geological structure of Kastas hill in Amphipolis, as well as the broader area. They consist of geological and geomorphological observations at Kastas and 133 hills and the surrounding areas, on their geological structure, the stratigraphy and the paleoenvironment. Kastas hill is the site of the largest burial mound discovered in Greece to date. The slopes of its embankment were recorded and modelled in detail using near field photogrammetry. The problem of distinguishing between in situ geological formations and ex situ anthropogenic deposits is also addressed. The bulk volume of Kastas hill consists of natural sediments; these sediments are exposed as successive alternating beds of grayish loose and cohesive sands with scattered pebbles and locally with cobbles. Clayey beds up to ~20-30 cm thick intercalate between the sands. At the top of the hill the anthropogenic deposits are typical of Macedonian tumuli, with soil and clay alternations for sealing and stabilizing them. Paleosoil horizons were observed both in natural sediments and within anthropogenic substrates. Two horizons were sampled for dating by different methods (OSL – optical stimulated luminescence and 14C – Accelerated Mass Spectroscopy). Their dating shows the development of successive deposits during the Iron, Archaic and Classical ages. The AMS dating of a charcoal which is closely associated to the construction of the main monument yielded an age of Cal. BP 2310 = Cal. 360 BC.

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Organizing a public aquarium: objectives, design, operation and missions. A review

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.000702 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 369-384

Keyword(s):

Life Cycles ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Responsible Behavior ◽

Scientific Disciplines ◽

Public Aquarium ◽

Physiology And Biochemistry ◽

Taxonomic Concept ◽

Conservation Projects ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

Community Concept

Many Public Aquaria have been designed and constructed all over the world during the last three decades. The serial arrangement of relatively small, rectangular, concrete tanks has been replaced by fewer large, irregularly shaped tanks, replicating habitats. The “taxonomic concept” of displaying specimens in the old aquaria has now been succeeded by the more ecological, “community concept” type of display. At the same time most of the “old aquaria” have been renovated. Aquarium missions have also been broadened nowadays including research, conservation and education. Aquaria are ideal places for research on husbandry, life cycles, reproduction, behavior, autoecology and fish pathology. Collaboration with Universities and Research Centers increases the research potential in scientific disciplines such as ecology, genetics, physiology and biochemistry. Collaboration also provides mutual benefits in both infrastructure and personnel: The research background in aquaria also forms a sound platform to materialize conservation projects, focusing either on the ex-situ conservation of animals in the aquaria or on environmental protection of surrounding areas and reintroduction of endangered species. In addition to formal educational opportunities, non formal education to visitors, schools and undergraduates seems to become a major mission of aquaria. Aquarium tank displays, preserved biological material, film projections, seminars / lectures and book magazine publications enhance environmental awareness, encouraging people to adopt Environmentally Responsible Behavior. All these missions are feasible because most public aquaria are making a good profit mainly due to their high popularity. There are also benefits for the community in the area; aquaria have enlivened declining water front areas and increased the income of tourist resorts mainly by “stretching out” the tourist season. In the present work the objectives of a public aquarium are reviewed and the main infrastructure subsystems and operational procedures are described; Know how on aquarium systems can also be applied in research laboratories of academic institutions if live organisms have to be kept for experimentation. Aquarium missions on research, conservation and education are discussed.

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Applicability of Ground Penetrating Radar on desert archaeological sites: a case study from the Saqqara necropolis in Egypt

Studia Quaternaria ◽

10.2478/squa-2014-0014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 133-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fabian Welc ◽

Radosław Mieszkowski ◽

Sebastian Kowalczyk ◽

Jerzy Trzciński

Keyword(s):

Ground Penetrating Radar ◽

Clay Fraction ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

Geological Structure ◽

Horizontal Resolution ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Depth Range ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Ground Penetrating

Abstract This paper presents the preliminary results of ground penetrating radar sounding applied at the desert archaeological site in Saqqara (Egypt). The survey was carried out in 2012 within a project realized by Institute of Archaeology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw and the Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw. One of the key aims of the research was testing the application of ground penetrating radar to non-invasive surveys of desert archaeological sites. Radargrams obtained for area of so called the Dry Moat channel surrounding the Step Pyramid complex have shown the geological structure of its filling. It comprises among others debris-sand conglomerate of diluval origin characterized by a significant content of the clay fraction and clay minerals. Such lithological content strongly attenuate the propagation of EM waves, restricting the depth range of the GPR survey. The conducted geophysical prospection west to the Step Pyramid in Saqqara has confirmed the high applicability of the GPR method in non-invasive studies of vast architectural structures, such as the monumental ditch surrounding the Step Pyramid known as the Dry Moat. It should summarised that high horizontal resolution obtained during GPR survey is a result of local geological structure of the searched area, i.e. strong lithological contrast of the sediments filling the Dry Moat, which, depending on their mineralogical composition

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GEOARKEOLOGI CEKUNGAN SOA, FLORES, NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR

Siddhayatra ◽

10.24832/siddhayatra.v23i1.111 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Fadhlan Syuaib Intan

Keyword(s):

Normal Fault ◽

Geological Structure ◽

Raw Material ◽

Alluvial Deposits ◽

Fault Type ◽

Geological Conditions ◽

Geological Information ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

Field Data Analysis ◽

Surface Geology

Cekungan Soa yang termasuk wilayah Kabupaten Ngada dan Kabupaten Nagekeo terletak di Pulau Flores, banyak menyimpan tinggalan budaya yang antara lain berasal dari masa Paleolitik, yang selama ini belum terlalu diperhatikan oleh peneliti lingkungan, khususnya geoarkeologi. Hal inilah yang menjadi pokok permasalahan yang mencakup kondisi geologi secara umum. Adapun maksud penelitian ini adalah melakukan pemetaan geologi permukaan secara umum sebagai salah satu upaya menyajikan informasi geologi terkait dengan situs arkeologi. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui aspek-aspek geomorfologi, stratigrafi di situs-situs arkeologi. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui kajian pustaka, survei, analisis data lapangan dan interpretasi. Pengamatan lingkungan memberikan informasi tentang bentang alam daerah penelitian yang terdiri dari satuan morfologi dataran, dan satuan morfologi bergelombang lemah. Sungainya berpola aliran centripetal, berstadia Sungai Dewasa-Tua, sungai tua, Sungai Periodik/Permanen, dan Sungai Episodik/Intermittent. Batuan penyusun adalah breksi vulkanik, tufa, konglomerat, dan endapan aluvial. Struktur geologi berupa patahan dari jenis patahan normal. Eksplorasi di Cekungan Soa telah mendata 12 situs paleolitik. Dari klasifikasi petrologi, alat-alat litik terbuat dari batuan jasper, chert, andesit, dan basal. Batuan sebagai bahan baku alat litik, banyak ditemukan di Cekungan Soa dan sekitarnya, baik dalam bentuk singkapan maupun boulder. Kata kunci: geologi, plistosen, paleolitik, situs terbuka, bahan alat litikSoa Basin, which belongs to Ngada Regency and Nagekeo Regency, is located on Flores Island, with many cultural stays, among others, from the Paleolithic period, which has not been too concerned by environmental researchers, especially geoarkeology. This is the issue that covers general geological conditions. The purpose of this research is to mapping the surface geology in general as an effort to present geological information related to archeological site. The aim is to know the geomorphological, stratigraphic aspects of the archaeological sites. The research method is done through literature review, survey, field data analysis and interpretation. Environmental observations provide information on the landscape of the study area consisting of terrestrial morphology units, and weak wavy morphology units. The river is centripetal flow pattern, with the old river, mature-old river, periodic/permanent river, and episodik /intermittent river. Constituent rocks are volcanic breccias, tuffs, conglomerates, and alluvial deposits. The geological structure is a fracture of the normal fault type. Exploration in the Soa Basin has listed 12 paleolithic sites. From the classification of petrology, litik tools made of jasper, chert, andesite, and basalt rocks. Rock as a raw material litik, found in Soa Basin and surrounding areas, both in the form of outcrops and boulder. Keywords: geology, pleistocene, paleolithic, open site, lithic tools materials

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Castro de Nossa Senhora das Necessidades (Sernancelhe): uma primeira análise artefactual

Arqueologia em Portugal 2020 - Estado da Questão - Textos ◽

10.21747/978-989-8970-25-1/arqa81 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1127-1139

Author(s):

Telma Susana O. Ribeiro

Keyword(s):

Material Culture ◽

Bronze Age ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

The Other ◽

Late Bronze Age ◽

The Hill ◽

Metallic Artefacts

The Nossa Senhora das Necessidades settlement is to date the only archaeological site in the county of Sernancelhe (Viseu district) to be discussed in the archaeological literature. Referred to as a settlement from the Late Bronze Age, the site has been continually destroyed and has only superficial findings that have never been studied so that we know all of its occupations. This first study, made through ceramic, lithic and metallic artefacts that result from prospections at the hill, aims to reveal the other chronologies of this site, seeking to contribute to the comprehension of the material culture and settlement network of the Beira Alta region in some of its prehistoric and medieval times.

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Aplikasi Quick Response Code (QR Code) untuk Pelayanan Pendaftaran Tanah Pertama Kali

Tunas Agraria ◽

10.31292/jta.v2i3.42 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 124-138

Author(s):

M Alif Usman ◽

Arief Syaifullah ◽

Suharno Suharno

Keyword(s):

Active Faults ◽

Geological Structure ◽

Disaster Mitigation ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Land Acquisition ◽

Disaster Victims ◽

Community Ownership ◽

Quick Response Code ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

Ownership Rights

Abstract: Based on the results of studies from the Indonesian earthquake map revision team (in Irsyam, M, et al, 2010) the active geological structure that passes through Palu City is in the form of PKF (Palu Koro Fault) and MF (Matano Fault) both are active faults that are often found around the Palu valley . The series of disasters that occurred on 28 September 2018 were caused by tectonic movements on the Korro Palu Fault. Therefore Palu City is required to have disaster mitigation measures. After the zoning of disaster-prone space in Palu City and surrounding areas that divides Palu City into 4 Zoning namely ZRB 4, ZRB 3, ZRB 2 and ZRB 1. Then there is the Determination of Land Acquisition Locations planned for permanent housing construction for disaster victims that overlap with ZRB 3, where in this zoning there is a prohibition to build new dwellings on it and there are those that overlap with community ownership rights. So that the need for disaster mitigation measures in the form of Disaster-Based Land Acquisition Potential Maps. In this map provides information on locations that are outside ZRB 4 and ZRB 3 and do not overlap with community ownership rights.Keyword: Disaster, Land Acquisition, Palu CityIntisari: Berdasarkan hasil studi dari tim revisi peta gempa Indonesia (dalam Irsyam, M, dkk, 2010) struktur geologi aktif yang melewati Kota Palu adalah berupa PKF (Palu Koro Fault) dan MF (Matano Fault) keduanya merupakan sesar aktif yang banyak dijumpai disekitar lembah Palu. Rentetan bencana yang terjadi pada tanggal 28 September 2018 disebabkan adanya pergerakan tektonik pada Patahan Palu Korro. Oleh sebab itu Kota Palu diharuskan memiliki tindakan mitigasi bencana. Setelah adanya zonasi ruang rawan bencana di Kota Palu dan sekitarnya yang membagi Kota Palu menjadi 4 Zonasi yaitu ZRB 4, ZRB 3, ZRB 2 dan ZRB 1. Kemudian adanya Penetapan Lokasi Pengadaan Tanah yang direncanakan untuk dibangun hunian tetap untuk korban bencana yang bertampalan dengan ZRB 3, dimana dalam zonasi ini ada larangan untuk membangun hunian baru diatasnya serta ada yang bertampalan dengan hak kepemilikan masyarakat. Sehingga perlu adanya tindakan mitigasi bencana berupa Peta Potensi Pengadaan Tanah Berbasis Kebencanaan. Dalam peta ini memberikan informasi lokasi-lokasi yang berada diluar ZRB 4 dan ZRB 3 serta tidak bertampalan dengan Hak Kepemilikan Masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Bencana, Pengadaan Tanah, Kota Palu

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Acropolis of Athens: Recording, Modeling and Visualising a Major Archaeological Site

International Journal of Heritage in the Digital Era ◽

10.1260/2047-4970.1.2.169 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 169-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. Tsingas

Keyword(s):

3D Modeling ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

The European Union ◽

Gis Applications ◽

World Heritage List ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Government ◽

Complex Project ◽

The Hill

This paper presents the project “Development of Geographic Information Systems at the Acropolis of Athens”, financed by the European Union and the Government of Greece. The Acropolis of Athens is one of the major archaeological sites world-wide included in the UNESCO World Heritage list. The project started in June 2007 and finished in May 2009. The paper presents the project's aims and gives a description of the deliverables and the specifications, as well as the project difficulties. It was a complex project including a wide range of works, from classical geodetic and photogrammetric works to 3D modeling and GIS development. The main tasks of the project were the establishment of a polygonometric network, the production of DSM and orthophotomosaics of the top view of the hill and of the walls' facades, the terrestrial laser scanning and 3D modeling of the Acropolis rock, the walls and the Erehtheion, the development of a geospatial database and finally the development of GIS applications to access and manage the data.

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A Trial Excavation at Monte d'Irsi, Basilicata

Papers of the British School at Rome ◽

10.1017/s006824620000787x ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

pp. 138-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. B Whitehouse ◽

M. Aylwin Cotton ◽

John F. Cherry

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

North West ◽

Stream Beds ◽

The Hill ◽

The Village ◽

The Town ◽

Santa Maria

Monte d'Irsi is located approximately 6·5 km. east-southeast of the town of Irsina and 4 km. due west of the village of Santa Maria d'Irsi in the region of Basilicata. The archaeological site sits on the crown of an irregularly shaped plateau at around 480 m. above sea level; the land drops away steeply in all directions and the hill-sides are heavily eroded by stream beds which feed into the two major rivers in the area, the Bradano and the Basentello (Figs. 1 and 2 and Pl. XXVII, a). M. d'Irsi lies about 7·5 km. north-west of the confluence of the two, and since it is the highest point for 6 or 7 km. round about, forms an imposing feature of the landscape. No doubt it is this fact, connected with the proximity of M. d'Irsi to the very important Bradano valley (3 km. distant) that made the M. d'Irsi plateau a prime candidate for settlement even in prehistoric times and presumably in times of stress.

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Exploring the Hidden Depths of Tara’s Hinterland: Geophysical Survey and Landscape Investigations in the Meath–North Dublin Region, Eastern Ireland

Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society ◽

10.1017/ppr.2015.11 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 81 ◽

pp. 61-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ger Dowling

Keyword(s):

Iron Age ◽

Large Scale ◽

Historical Analysis ◽

Geophysical Survey ◽

Social Organisation ◽

Burial Mound ◽

Documentary Evidence ◽

Late Iron Age ◽

Historical Importance ◽

The Hill

This paper explores how geophysical survey, undertaken in conjunction with landscape and historical analysis, is contributing to a deeper understanding of prehistoric focal centres and landscape organisation in the wider ‘hinterland’ of the Hill of Tara, Co. Meath. Arising out of the Discovery Programme’s ‘Late Iron Age and ‘Roman’ Ireland’ (LIARI) Project, the present investigations targeted a number of prominent hilltop sites in the Meath–north Dublin region suspected, on the basis of archaeological, topographical, and early documentary evidence, to have been important ceremonial/political centres in later prehistory. Foremost among these are the Hill of Lloyd (Co. Meath), the location of a prehistoric enclosure overlooking the early monastic foundation at Kells; Faughan Hill (Co. Meath), the traditional burial place of Niall of the Nine Hostages; and Knockbrack (Co. Dublin), whose summit is crowned by a large, internally-ditched enclosure with central burial mound. The discovery through this multi-disciplinary study of additional large-scale enclosures, burial monuments, and other significant archaeological features serves to further corroborate the deep historical importance of these sites, and opens up new avenues for exploring such themes as territoriality, social organisation, and identity in the wider Tara region.

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Radiocarbon Chronology of the Tlatoani Site at Tlayacapan, Morelos, Mexico

Radiocarbon ◽

10.2458/56.17408 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 501-510 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexander Cherkinsky ◽

Raúl Francisco González Quezada

Keyword(s):

Human Remains ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

The Other ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Three Samples ◽

Early Postclassic ◽

Preclassic Period ◽

Radiocarbon Chronology ◽

The Hill ◽

Good Agreement

The archaeological site of Tlatoani at Tlayacapan is located in the Mexican Highlands, in the present-day state of Morelos. The site is an extant settlement located at the top of the Tepoztlan mountain range, and has been occupied since the Late Preclassic period (AD 150–500). At the height of its occupation in the Epiclassic and Early Postclassic periods (AD 600–1150), Tlayacapan was situated on the top of the hill. The radiocarbon investigations reported herein revealed some further distinct findings, although no clear absolute chronology was demonstrated. A dog skull was found inside the oldest foundation stage, and dated between cal AD 646 and 765, the middle of the Epiclassic period. Human remains found in the first grave belonged to three individuals. A male skeleton was dated to AD 1158–1227. Fragments of an incomplete skeleton of a child and an incomplete skeleton of a second male were placed on top of the first male skeleton and were dated in the range AD 1030–1156. A fourth skeleton found nearby in the second grave gave a similar date of AD 1164–1253. These burials were in accordance with the Middle America cosmovisional system, where bodies were buried beneath the household space. It is evident from the 14C dates of the skeletons that the burial sites beneath the household space had been reused by exhuming and reburying skeletons that had been previously buried there. A comparison of dates on fractions of collagen and bioapatite of the same bones was possible. Two of the samples were in good agreement between these fractions, whereas the other three samples are close but just outside the 2σ range.

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Phytolith research in the South of Western Siberia

Ukrainian Journal of Ecology ◽

10.15421/2017_27 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 110-119

Author(s):

M. Yu. Solomonova ◽

M. M. Silantyeva ◽

N. Yu. Speranskaya

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Plant Material ◽

Vegetation Change ◽

Initial Period ◽

Archaeological Site ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Burial Mound ◽

Left Bank ◽

Burial Ground ◽

The South

The research of modern and fossil soils was conducted at three archaeological sites: Nizhniy Kayancha, Novoilinka-3, and Tytkesken-2. Nizhniy Kayancha is a burial ground (dated 5th century BC) situated on the left bank of the Katun River (400-700 m above sea level). An archaeological site is a burial mound with seven mounds which can be visually separated within the site, and which are placed by small chains with 2–3 objects. The south mound of the first group was examined for a phytolith analysis. Еhe Novoilinka-3 settlement (dated 3rd millennium BC) is situated in the north of Kulunda, in the southern part of a hill formed by the false River Burla. The Tytkesken-2 settlement is situated on the verge of the stream Tytkesken, the left tributary of the Katun River, on its second terrace above the flood plain.Geobotanical research was conducted in the territory of the archaeological sites under study. Grass phytoliths of modern flora were examined. Soil samples from different layers of the walls of excavation sites were collected. Phytolith extraction was based on the methods described by A.A. Golyeva. 20 g of soil, and 100 g of plant material of each species were processed during the initial period. The examination of the phytoliths of leaves, stalks and flower heads from the samples obtained from the plant material was carried out with the help of an optical microscope (Olympus BX-51). The phytoliths were counted to 250 (in ashed plants) and to 300 (in soils) particles.More mesophytic plant communities of the ancient epochs have been reconstructed for all three examined archaeological sites. The territory of the Nizhniy Kayancha burial ground was covered by birch forest at the time prior to formation of the archaeological site. The territory of Novoilinka-3 settlement was covered by pine and birch steppificated forest in the Eneolithic period, but the territory was deforested as the settlement developed. Several stages of vegetation change have been reconstructed for the Tytkesken-2 archaeological site. This includes deforestation of pine forest and further steppe formation in the late Neolithic Age, prairiefication in the Eneolithic Age and new steppe formation in the Bronze Age up to the present time.

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