Effects of organic acids on the gut ecosystem and on the performance of broiler chickens

Organic acids are studied as candidate alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters. Their action is related to the pH reduction of the intestinal digesta, affecting the gut ecosystem in numerous ways. Intestinal microbiota can be altered as a result of the remarkable antibacterial activity of organic acids and the growth enhancement of non-pathogenic beneficial microorganisms, due to exclusive competition. Antibacterial activity has been widely reported for many poultry pathogens, such as Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Campylobacter spp., both in vitro and in vivo. However, it seems to depend on many factors concerning the weak acid used and the gut ecosystem. Apart from the microbiota, diet supplementation of organic acids has trophic effects on the intestinal mucosa, modifying the morphologic characteristics of intestinal villi and crypts and maintaining epithelial integrity. Furthermore, as found recently, organic acids have anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating properties. Diet acidification increases gastric proteolysis and the utilization of proteins and amino acids, affects pancreatic secretions and mineral absorption. There are also reports for an effect on appetite and palatability of the feed. All these properties attributed to organic acids have either a direct or indirect effect on the performance and health, even though the results presented for poultry lack consistency. Nonetheless, the benefits of organic acids can have practical application in the control of clinical and subclinical conditions, but more research is needed to study these perspectives.

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Effects of phytogenics and organic acids alone and in combination on growth performance of weaned piglets

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200021037 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 200-200

Author(s):

T. Steiner ◽

C. Lückstädt

Keyword(s):

Organic Acids ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Commercial Diet ◽

Beneficial Effects

Intensive research has been directed to the potential of Natural Growth Promoters (NGPs) to replace antibiotics. Phytogenics and organic acids (OA) have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of gastrointestinal disorders, thereby improving growth performance in pigs (Steiner, 2006). The addition of OA to nonruminant diets is supposed to have beneficial effects on feed safety since OA have a detrimental impact on moulds and other feed contaminants. Moreover, due to a decrease in gastric pH, acidification of the diets creates favourable conditions for nutrient digestibility, especially in young piglets (Radcliffe et al., 1998). Dietary supplementation with essential oils originating from aromatic plants may directly affect the intestinal microflora, both in quantitative and qualitative terms. As shown under in vitro (Helander et al., 1998) and in vivo conditions (Kroismayr et al., 2005), oregano essential oils have strong antimicrobial properties. Finally, it has been confirmed that addition of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) to diets for nonruminants may stabilize the gut microflora by selectively supporting the growth of beneficial bacteria (Macfarlane et al., 2006). Depending on individual farm conditions, a well-adjusted combination of different strategies is supposed to maximize the efficacy of NGPs in antibiotic-free feeding systems. The aim of the trial was to investigate the effects of phytogenics and OA alone and in combination in comparison with a commercial diet containing no additives.

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In vitro and in vivo susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolated from broiler chickens

Comparative Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1007/s00580-012-1527-1 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 1065-1068 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Naser Ranjbar Malidareh ◽

Sobhan Firouzi ◽

Neda Ranjbar Malidareh ◽

Hassan Habibi

Keyword(s):

Broiler Chickens ◽

Salmonella Spp

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The antibacterial activity of Althaea officinalis L. methanolic extract against some nosocomial pathogens in vitro and in vivo

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/790/1/012013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 790 (1) ◽

pp. 012013

Author(s):

Ghaidaa Raheem Lateef Al-Awsi ◽

Ali A Alsudani ◽

Faiza Kadhim Omran

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Nosocomial Pathogens ◽

Althaea Officinalis

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Crude Citric Acid of Trichoderma asperellum: Tomato Growth Promotor and Suppressor of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 222

Author(s):

Abdulaziz A. Al-Askar ◽

WesamEldin I. A. Saber ◽

Khalid M. Ghoneem ◽

Elsayed E. Hafez ◽

Amira A. Ibrahim

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Organic Acid ◽

Wilt Disease ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Chlorophyll Pigments

Presently, the bioprocessing of agricultural residues to various bioactive compounds is of great concern, with the potential to be used as plant growth promoters and as a reductive of various diseases. Lycopersiconesculentum, one of the most consumed crops in the human diet, is attacked by Fusarium wilt disease, so the main aim is to biocontrol the pathogen. Several fungal species were isolated from decayed maize stover (MS). Trichodermaasperellum was chosen based on its organic acid productivity and was molecularly identified (GenBank accession number is MW195019). Citric acid (CA) was the major detected organic acid by HPLC. In vitro, CA of T.asperellum at 75% completely repressed the growth of Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL). In vivo, soaking tomato seeds in CA enhanced the seed germination and vigor index. T. asperellum and/or its CA suppressed the wilt disease caused by FOL compared to control. There was a proportional increment of plant growth and yield, as well as improvements in the biochemical parameters (chlorophyll pigments, total phenolic contents and peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase activities), suggesting targeting both the bioconversion of MS into CA and biological control of FOL.

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Bacillus megaterium-Mediated Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Antifungal Activity against Rhizoctonia solani in Faba Bean Plants

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7030195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 195

Author(s):

Amr H. Hashem ◽

Amer M. Abdelaziz ◽

Ahmed A. Askar ◽

Hossam M. Fouda ◽

Ahmed M. A. Khalil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Vicia Faba ◽

Root Rot ◽

Antifungal Agents ◽

Damping Off ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Root Rot Disease ◽

Rot Disease

Rhizoctonia root-rot disease causes severe economic losses in a wide range of crops, including Vicia faba worldwide. Currently, biosynthesized nanoparticles have become super-growth promoters as well as antifungal agents. In this study, biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have been examined as growth promoters as well as antifungal agents against Rhizoctonia solani RCMB 031001 in vitro and in vivo. Se-NPs were synthesized biologically by Bacillus megaterium ATCC 55000 and characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. TEM and DLS images showed that Se-NPs are mono-dispersed spheres with a mean diameter of 41.2 nm. Se-NPs improved healthy Vicia faba cv. Giza 716 seed germination, morphological, metabolic indicators, and yield. Furthermore, Se-NPs exhibited influential antifungal activity against R. solani in vitro as well as in vivo. Results revealed that minimum inhibition and minimum fungicidal concentrations of Se-NPs were 0.0625 and 1 mM, respectively. Moreover, Se-NPs were able to decrease the pre-and post-emergence of R. solani damping-off and minimize the severity of root rot disease. The most effective treatment method is found when soaking and spraying were used with each other followed by spraying and then soaking individually. Likewise, Se-NPs improve morphological and metabolic indicators and yield significantly compared with infected control. In conclusion, biosynthesized Se-NPs by B. megaterium ATCC 55000 are a promising and effective agent against R. solani damping-off and root rot diseases in Vicia faba as well as plant growth inducer.

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The Multifunctional Sactipeptide Ruminococcin C1 Displays Potent Antibacterial Activity In Vivo as Well as Other Beneficial Properties for Human Health

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22063253 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 3253

Author(s):

Clarisse Roblin ◽

Steve Chiumento ◽

Cédric Jacqueline ◽

Eric Pinloche ◽

Cendrine Nicoletti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Human Health ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Modified Peptides ◽

The 1960S ◽

Conventional Antibiotics ◽

Clinical Potential

The world is on the verge of a major antibiotic crisis as the emergence of resistant bacteria is increasing, and very few novel molecules have been discovered since the 1960s. In this context, scientists have been exploring alternatives to conventional antibiotics, such as ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Interestingly, the highly potent in vitro antibacterial activity and safety of ruminococcin C1, a recently discovered RiPP belonging to the sactipeptide subclass, has been demonstrated. The present results show that ruminococcin C1 is efficient at curing infection and at protecting challenged mice from Clostridium perfringens with a lower dose than the conventional antibiotic vancomycin. Moreover, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) is also effective against this pathogen in the complex microbial community of the gut environment, with a selective impact on a few bacterial genera, while maintaining a global homeostasis of the microbiome. In addition, ruminococcin C1 exhibits other biological activities that could be beneficial for human health, as well as other fields of applications. Overall, this study, by using an in vivo infection approach, confirms the antimicrobial clinical potential and highlights the multiple functional properties of ruminococcin C1, thus extending its therapeutic interest.

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Efficacy of a novel lantibiotic, CMB001, against MRSA

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy ◽

10.1093/jac/dkab040 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jerzy Karczewski ◽

Christine M Brown ◽

Yukari Maezato ◽

Stephen P Krasucki ◽

Stephen J Streatfield

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Pharmacokinetic Analysis ◽

Maximum Tolerable Dose ◽

In Vivo Efficacy ◽

Clostridioides Difficile ◽

Alternative Treatment Option ◽

Significant Damage ◽

Tolerable Dose

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of a novel lantibiotic, CMB001, against MRSA biofilms in vitro and in an in vivo experimental model of bacterial infection. Methods Antibacterial activity of CMB001 was measured in vitro after its exposure to whole blood or to platelet-poor plasma. In vitro efficacy of CMB001 against a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm was studied using scanning electron microscopy. The maximum tolerable dose in mice was determined and a preliminary pharmacokinetic analysis for CMB001 was performed in mice. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in a neutropenic mouse thigh model of infection. Results CMB001 maintained its antibacterial activity in the presence of blood or plasma for up to 24 h at 37°C. CMB001 efficiently killed S. aureus within the biofilm by causing significant damage to the bacterial cell wall. The maximum tolerable dose in mice was established to be 10 mg/kg and could be increased to 30 mg/kg in mice pretreated with antihistamines. In neutropenic mice infected with MRSA, treatment with CMB001 reduced the bacterial burden with an efficacy equivalent to that of vancomycin. Conclusions CMB001 offers potential as an alternative treatment option to combat MRSA. It will be of interest to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of CMB001 against infections caused by other pathogens, including Clostridioides difficile and Acinetobacter baumannii, and to expand its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters and safety profile.

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