scholarly journals Arthrectomy for traumatic proximal interphalangeal arthritis in the lateral digit in a heifer

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1911
Author(s):  
A. GOTO ◽  
N. TSUZUKI ◽  
A. [email protected] KAJIHARA ◽  
T. MORIYAMA ◽  
Y. SASAKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distal Part ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effective Treatment Option ◽  
Soft Tissue Swelling ◽  
Bony Callus ◽  
Bone Lysis ◽  
Joint Arthritis ◽  
Locomotion Score

Instructive information on the treatment for chronic deep infections of digital joints in a 9-month-old Holstein heifer is described in this report. Preoperative ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations revealed soft tissue swelling and subchondral bone lysis at the distal part of the proximal phalanx in the lateral digit. Arthrectomy was performed under xylazine sedation to remove infectious articular cartilage tissues. Immature callus formation was observed via radiography at the surgical site by the 28th postoperative day. On the 48th postoperative day, callus fellinto disrepair on the radiographs along with aggravation of the locomotion score. After the application of a half-limb cast, the immature callus formed again by the 62nd postoperative day (11 months), and bony callus formation was observed by the 74th postoperative day. Thereafter, the heifer could walk well with marked improvement in the locomotion score. The withers height of the heifer at 13 months (136 cm) was within the range of that in control heifers of the same age on this farm (133 ± 3 cm); however, the body weight (BW) of this heifer (322 kg) was lower than the BW of controls (384 ± 26 kg). The BW gain from 11 to 13 months of age seemed to be higher in the present heifer (+76 kg) than in controls (+55±20 kg), suggesting that BW of the present heifer was returning to the original BW. Based on these observations, we suggested that arthrectomy was an effective treatment option for the present case of digital joint arthritis.

scholarly journals Preliminary image findings of lower limb stress fractures to aid ultrasonographic diagnoses: A systematic review and narrative synthesis

Ultrasound ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1742271X2199552
Author(s):  
Madeleine Schaper ◽  
James Harcus
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Plain Film ◽  
Stress Fractures ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Narrative Synthesis ◽  
Plain Film Radiography ◽  
Bony Callus

Introduction This systematic review investigates which image appearances are most common when diagnosing lower limb stress fractures using ultrasound imaging, with the aim of outlining an image critique guideline for operators to support confident diagnoses. Method A comprehensive literature search of medical databases and handsearching was undertaken to identify relevant studies. All studies were critically examined for quality using the CASP critical appraisal tool. Results from eight studies were combined and interpreted using a narrative synthesis. Findings A clear outline of common stress fracture appearances using ultrasound were identified in a combined total of 119 participants. Each finding was ranked according to its popularity. Periosteal thickening (78/119) and cortical disruption/irregularity (83/119) were noted in all eight studies. Hypervascularity of the periosteum visualised by colour Doppler imaging (66/119) was reported in six of the eight studies. Soft tissue hypervascularity (13/119), bony callus formation (5/119) and cortical break (22/119) were seen in three studies. Conclusions Based on the findings, we offer a guideline of the most significant preliminary image findings to be utilised by operators when examining athletes suspected of having lower limb stress fractures. The results show a gap in research for evaluating changes in appearance depending on the injury severity. Further research into distinguishing stress fractures from pathological involvement may in future reduce reliance on plain film radiography.

scholarly journals Basilar Thumb Arthritis: The Utility of Suture-Button Suspensionplasty

Hand ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brent R. DeGeorge ◽  
Sagar S. Chawla ◽  
Bassem T. Elhassan ◽  
Sanjeev Kakar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Tendon Transfer ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Pinch Strength ◽  
Suture Button ◽  
Radiographic Outcomes ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Joint Arthritis

Background: We sought to compare the functional outcomes, radiographic outcomes, and complications of trapeziectomy and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) to abductor pollicis longus (APL) side-to-side tendon transfer with or without suture-button suspensionplasty for thumb basilar joint arthritis. Methods: Patients treated with and without suture-button suspensionplasty were compared over a 6-year period. Data were reviewed for complications and functional outcomes, including grip and pinch strength, range of motion, and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores. Plain radiographs were independently reviewed at initial presentation and at final follow-up, including proximal phalanx length, trapezial space height, and trapezial height ratio. Results: Seventy thumb arthroplasties were performed in 70 patients. Trapeziectomy with FCR-APL side-to-side tendon transfer was performed in 39 patients, and trapeziectomy with FCR-APL side-to-side tendon transfer with suture-button suspensionplasty was performed in 31 patients. Mean length of follow-up was 28.4 ± 3.9 and 23.8 ± 2.6 months, respectively. Postoperative grip, oppositional and appositional pinch strength, and VAS pain scores improved compared with preoperative values, but were not significantly different based on suture-button suspensionplasty. Percentage decline in trapezial space ratio was significantly different between groups at 36.7% and 20.4% for procedures with and without suture-button suspensionplasty, respectively indicating that the trapezial space was better maintained within the suture suspension cohort. The incidence of postoperative complications, including surgical site infection, paresthesias, reoperation, complex regional pain syndrome, and symptomatic subsidence, was not significantly different between groups. Conclusions: Trapeziectomy with FCR to APL side-to-side tendon transfer with and without suture-button suspensionplasty results in comparable improvement in pain, grip strength, and functional parameters. Suture-button suspensionplasty results in significantly greater preservation of trapezial space.

scholarly journals Different Clinical Features of Acral Abortive Hemangiomas

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Vega Mata ◽  
J. C. López Gutiérrez ◽  
B. Vivanco Allende ◽  
M. S. Fernández García
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Vascular Malformation ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dorsal Region ◽  
Glut 1 ◽  
Degrees Of Severity ◽  
Erythematous Patch

Some infantile hemangiomas called in literature “minimal or arrested growth hemangiomas” or “abortive hemangiomas” are present at birth and have a proliferative component equaling less than 25% of its total surface area. Often, they are mistaken for vascular malformation. We present five patients (three girls and two boys) with abortive hemangiomas diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2015 localized in acral part of the extremities. They were congenital lesions resembling precursor of hemangiomas but did not show proliferation phase. Immunohistochemical Glut-1 was performed in all of them as a way to confirm the abortive hemangioma diagnosis. The most common appearance was a reticulated erythematous patch with multiple fine telangiectasias on the surface. We remark that one of them presented a segmental patch with two different morphologies and evolutions. The proximal part showed pebbled patches of bright-red hemangioma and presented proliferation and the distal part with a reticulated network-like telangiectasia morphology remained unchanged. We detected lower half of the body preference and dorsal region involvement preference without ventral involvement. The ulceration occurred in three patients with two different degrees of severity.

Functional Hallux Limitus

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 236-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverley Durrant ◽  
Nachiappan Chockalingam
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Metatarsal Head ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Joint Motion ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Hallux Limitus ◽  
First Metatarsal ◽  
Gait Characteristics

Functional hallux limitus is defined as a functional inability of the proximal phalanx of the hallux to extend on the first metatarsal head during gait. The theory concerning this anomaly and the altered gait characteristics that may result appears to have influenced the understanding of sagittal plane podiatric biomechanics. Although there is an increase in the body of evidence to support the proposed gait alterations, a detailed review suggests the need for further work. The aim of this article is to review the functional hallux limitus literature and its reported effects on gait. Furthermore, we explore some of the key and inherent problems with obtaining accurate data for joint motion measurement in the foot. With evidence-based practice now at the forefront of both clinical and academic practice, it is imperative to review the literature that underpins a particular commonly held or historical belief, in order to substantiate and validate subsequent diagnoses and treatments provided in light of this information. This is also true to advance the understanding of a particular anomaly or pathology and to inform so as to facilitate the provision of better care to patients. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(3): 236–243, 2009)

scholarly journals Diagnostic dilemma in soft tissue swelling over finger

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Nagpal ◽  
Arvind Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soft Tissue Swelling

Myopericytoma is a benign tumor that shows a pericytic line of differentiation. The lesion is generally located in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue and has a predilection for distal extremities, but may be found in any part of the body. We present a case of 48-year old male who came with painful swelling in right middle finger for the past 2 years. Histopathology showed proliferation of spindle-shaped cells exhibiting a hemangio-pericytomatous pattern with various sized vessels lined by flattened endothelium and surrounded by a concentric arrangement of spindle-shaped cells. Tumor cells show membranous positivity for smooth muscle actin but negative for desmin and CD 34. Hence diagnosis of intravenous myopericytoma was established.

scholarly journals X-ray densitometric indices of proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular pelvic limb bones as criteria for age diagnosis of cattle in forensic veterinary expertise

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
I. V. Yatsenko ◽  
S. A. Tkachuk ◽  
L. V. Busol ◽  
M. M. Bondarevsky ◽  
I. V. Zabarna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Tubular Bone ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Limb Bones ◽  
Pelvic Limb

Morphological parameters of biological material are extremely informative in diagnostic studies, in particular, to determine the species, sex, time of death, the term of burial. The most informative object for these tasks is the skeleton, because changes in the bones are stored for a long time, while soft tissue is subjected to rotting. Bone tissue is the most durable, but at the same time, it is very labile and reacts to all metabolic processes in the body. The object of the study was proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular bone of the pelvic limb of cattle ranging in age from newborn to 12 years old. Radiography of the proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular bones of the pelvic limb was performed on the Arman apparatus. The bones were subjected to X-ray in the lateromedial projection. The inner and outer sections of the tubular bone were determined. The mathematical modeling of the interaction of X-rays and the cortical layer of bones of fingers (proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular) of cattle was carried out in this work. It is established that this process is described by Bouger's law. The physico-mathematical model of proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular bones has been calculated, on the basis of which it was possible to calculate the X-ray densitometric indices of these bones of cattle. The age features of dynamics of X-ray densitometric indices of the proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular bones were established and a method of determining the age of cattle according to this criterion was proposed. A mathematical model for the proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular bones of the pelvic limbs of cattle that can be applied in X-ray densitometry uses: for the average third proximal phalanx – section of heterogeneous tubular structure modeled by a semicircle; for a medial phalanx bone – a section of a triangular shape; for the ungular bone – a heterogeneous structure, the plantar surface is inscribed in a rectangle. The process of interaction of X-rays with the bone structure of the examined pelvic limb bones can be described by Bouguer's law. The developed mathematical modeling of this interaction and the algorithm for its analysis is the basis for determining the age of cattle for X-ray densitometric indices of the proximal phalanx, medial phalanx and ungular bones of pelvic limbs. By X-ray densitometry of the proximal phalanx and medial phalanx bones of the pelvic limbs extremities one can diagnose the age of bovine animals from birth to 5 years, but according to ungular bones – from birth to 10 years. X-ray densitometry of medial phalanx and ungular bones of pelvic limbs can be used for diagnosing bovine cattle in a complex with other morphological, chemical and physical methods of investigation.

Morphological Aspects of Reparative Bone Tissue Regeneration under the Influence of Antitumor Chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
T. V. Riabenko ◽  
◽  
O. V. Korenkov ◽  
T. M. Kovaliuk
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Reparative Regeneration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bone Resorption Marker ◽  
Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy ◽  
Antitumor Chemotherapy

The occurrence of fractures in the development of cancer in the body is due to changes in bone metabolism in the form of osteoporosis and metastatic bone damage. Their appearance leads to the postponement or cessation of treatment of cancer, which affects the life expectancy of such patients and the chances of recovery. Antitumor chemotherapy, as one of the main methods of cancer treatment, is prescribed for long-term courses and affects the healing of fractures. However, according to the literature, the effect of antitumor chemotherapeutics on reparative regeneration is poorly understood today. The purpose of the work is to study the morphological features of reparative osteogenesis under the influence of antitumor chemotherapy. Materials and methods. The study was performed on 96 white laboratory male rats 7 months of age weighing 230±10 g. All animals had a perforated defect with a diameter of 2 mm spherical cutter to the bone marrow canal in the middle third of the femoral shaft. Animals were divided into control (n = 24, without chemotherapy) and three experimental groups (I, II, III, n = 72), which after injury and every 21 days of the study were administered intraperitoneal anticancer chemotherapeutics: I (n = 24) – doxorubicin (60 mg / m²), II (n = 24) – 5-fluorouracil (600 mg / m²), III (n = 24) – methotrexate (40 mg / m²). On the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th days after injury, the animals were removed from the experiment, followed by removal of the injured long tubular bones. Histological preparations stained with hematoxylin-eosin, followed by their morphometry, scanning electron microscopy with the method of X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy, immunohistochemical examination were performed. Results and discussion. Antitumor chemotherapeutics causes delayed callus formation, which is manifested by an increase in the area of connective and reticulofibrous bone tissue in the regenerate, along with the slow formation of lamellar bone tissue. Chemotherapy leads to disorders of phosphorus-calcium metabolism both in the regenerate and in the maternal bone in the form of reducing the intensity of mineralization of the newly formed bone matrix and slowing down the remodeling activity of the maternal bone. Chemotherapy is accompanied by an increase in the expression of the bone resorption marker cathepsin K and a decrease in the expression of the osteopontin bone marker, which indicates a delay in the formation of regenerate in the area of injury and a decrease in the rate of reparative regeneration. Conclusion. The most pronounced delay in the processes of remodeling of bone regenerate was found with the use of doxorubicin and methotrexate, while 5-fluorouracil showed less inhibitory effect on these processes

Reconstruction of a Composite Defect of the Distal Index Finger Using a Chimeric Reverse Flow Second Dorsal Metacarpal Artery Flap: A Case Report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Yano ◽  
Yasunori Kaneshiro ◽  
Megumi Ishiko ◽  
Seungho Hyun ◽  
Hideki Sakanaka
Keyword(s):  
Distal Part ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Proximal Phalanx ◽  
Metacarpal Bone ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Skin Defect ◽  
Vascular Connection ◽  
Dorsal Branch ◽  
Dorsal Metacarpal Artery

AbstractThe reconstruction for mild tissue loss at the distal part of a finger is challenging. We report about a 29-year-old man presenting with traumatic tissue loss at the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint of the index finger, including skin, bone, and nerve. Reconstruction using two types of flaps was performed. The dorsal skin flap, nourished by the second dorsal metacarpal artery (SDMA) perforator, was elevated. The vascularized second metacarpal bone, nourished by the SDMA, was also elevated. Using the vascular connection between the DMA and the palmar digital artery (PDA), both flaps were raised to the distal part of the finger, and the pivot point was set at the dorsal proximal phalanx. After arthrodesis of the DIP joint with the vascularized second metacarpal bone, the digital nerve was repaired using the cutaneous nerve in the skin flap, and the skin defect was covered using the perforator flap. The postoperative course, including flap survival and bone union, was uneventful. A good indication for the reconstruction of the distal part of a finger with this technique is when the defect sizes of the skin and bone differ and the vascular connection between the SDMA and dorsal branch of PDA is not injured.

Differentiation of Ectoderm Implanted into the Primordium of the Limb Bud in the Amphibian Embryo and its Influence upon the Limb

1946 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
WALTER BRANDT
Keyword(s):  
Body Wall ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limb Bud ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Tail Bud ◽  
Amphibian Embryo ◽  
Microscopical Analysis ◽  
Proximal Half ◽  
Host Embryo

1. A microscopical analysis was made concerning the differentiation of ectoderm cut from the tip of the tail-bud of an amphibian embryo (Amblystoma mexicanum, stages 35-37, Harrison) after its implantation into the primordium of the limb-bud of a host embryo 3-5 weeks after operation. 2. The ectoderm which lay deep in the tissues of the limb differentiated either into solid epithelial cords or into cysts. 3. The ectoderm which was attached outside the limb differentiated into notched ectodermal elevations which included a mesenchymal core. 4. A microscopical analysis was made concerning the development of deformities of limbs as the result of the operation. 5. The scapula may be divided into isolated pieces, bundles of muscle fibres separating the pieces from each other. 6. A supernumerary piece of cartilage can develop close to the cartilage of the scapula. 7. The suprascapula may be absent and its place taken by a mass of muscle fibres. 8. A phocomelias may be produced when the whole length of the humerus and the elbow-joint lies inside the body wall. In this case the implanted ectoderm covers the area where the limb would normally develop. 9. The humerus may be reduplicated. 10. The humerus may be too short. 11. The proximal half of the humerus may possess a diameter different from that of the distal half. 12. One skeletal element only of the forearm (radius or ulna) may be present when the place which would normally be occupied by one of these elements was taken by implanted ectoderm. 13. The elements of the carpus and of the hand may appear irregularly scattered throughout the tissues of the distal part of the limb. In these cases the implanted ectoderm was attached to the surface of the distal end of the limb. 14. The fingers can show: (a) abnormal positions, (b) abnormal numbers, (c) syndactylias, (d) one finger too long, others too short.

‘Sliffer's Patches’ and the Thermal Sense in Acrididae (Orthoptera)

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-498
Author(s):  
P. MAKINGS
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Median Response ◽  
Heat Stimulation ◽  
Hot Probe ◽  
Behaviour Changes ◽  
Marked Tendency ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The term ‘Slifer's patches’ is applied in this paper to the series of specialized areas of cuticle which Slifer named ‘antennal crescents’ and ‘fenestrae’. None of the existing evidence supports her suggestion that these patches have a thermoreceptive function. Behaviour changes caused by damaging them can be reproduced by damaging other parts of the cuticle. The antennal-lowering response is not dependent upon stimulation of the patch situated near the antennal base. 2. Destruction of all of the patches does not reduce the ability of locusts to orientate to, and assume the basking posture under the influence of, a lamp; nor does it reduce their ability to respond similarly to a heat source in darkness and with a cooled floor on which the locusts move. It does not change the leaning response produced by heat stimulation of decapitated locusts. 3. The antennal scape and articular membrane are more effective in producing an antennal-lowering response when stimulated by a hot probe than are the antennal patches or adjacent areas. 4. The median response-time for kicking of the hind legs in response to the local application of a hot probe to the abdomen is shorter when the probe is applied to a part of the normal cuticle than when it is applied to a patch. 5. The antenna, including the flagellum, is sensitive to heat. Stimulation of the distal part of the flagellum by means of a hot wire produced an avoiding response when the wire temperature rose above 40° C. 6. If one antenna is removed locusts in arena tests show a marked tendency to turn the intact side of the body away from a lamp, or a heat source in darkness. Locusts with both antennae removed show a reduced tendency to akinesis under the influence of a heat source in darkness. 7. The detection by locusts of heat stimulation at intensities above the nociceptive threshold may depend on a sensory system which is at least partly distinct from that involved at lower intensities.

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