‘Sliffer's Patches’ and the Thermal Sense in Acrididae (Orthoptera)

1964 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-498
Author(s):  
P. MAKINGS
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Median Response ◽  
Heat Stimulation ◽  
Hot Probe ◽  
Behaviour Changes ◽  
Marked Tendency ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The term ‘Slifer's patches’ is applied in this paper to the series of specialized areas of cuticle which Slifer named ‘antennal crescents’ and ‘fenestrae’. None of the existing evidence supports her suggestion that these patches have a thermoreceptive function. Behaviour changes caused by damaging them can be reproduced by damaging other parts of the cuticle. The antennal-lowering response is not dependent upon stimulation of the patch situated near the antennal base. 2. Destruction of all of the patches does not reduce the ability of locusts to orientate to, and assume the basking posture under the influence of, a lamp; nor does it reduce their ability to respond similarly to a heat source in darkness and with a cooled floor on which the locusts move. It does not change the leaning response produced by heat stimulation of decapitated locusts. 3. The antennal scape and articular membrane are more effective in producing an antennal-lowering response when stimulated by a hot probe than are the antennal patches or adjacent areas. 4. The median response-time for kicking of the hind legs in response to the local application of a hot probe to the abdomen is shorter when the probe is applied to a part of the normal cuticle than when it is applied to a patch. 5. The antenna, including the flagellum, is sensitive to heat. Stimulation of the distal part of the flagellum by means of a hot wire produced an avoiding response when the wire temperature rose above 40° C. 6. If one antenna is removed locusts in arena tests show a marked tendency to turn the intact side of the body away from a lamp, or a heat source in darkness. Locusts with both antennae removed show a reduced tendency to akinesis under the influence of a heat source in darkness. 7. The detection by locusts of heat stimulation at intensities above the nociceptive threshold may depend on a sensory system which is at least partly distinct from that involved at lower intensities.

Evaluation of clinical efficacy of Derinat® in form of spray in practice of district therapist

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (9) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
A. P. Babkin ◽  
A. A. Zuikova ◽  
O. N. Krasnorutskaya ◽  
Yu. A. Kotova ◽  
D. Yu. Bugrimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases ◽  
T Helpers ◽  
T Killers ◽  
Stimulation Of

The widespread worldwide spread of acute respiratory diseases is an urgent problem in health care. Expressed polyetiology of respiratory diseases does not allow to limit the use of specific vaccine preparations and dictates the need to use to combat them a variety of non-specific means that stimulate the natural resistance of the human body. The main pharmacological action of sodium deoxyribonucleate is the stimulation of phagocytic activity of T-helpers and T-killers, increasing the functional activity of neutrophils and monocytes/ macrophages, providing regeneration and repair processes in the epithelial component of antiviral protection of the body. Based on the above, the study of the clinical efficacy of Derinat® in the form of spray in the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections is relevant.

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF PREDNISOLONE AND ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH) ON LYMPHATIC LUNG CLEARANCE AND ON EXPERIMENTAL SILICOSIS

1970 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-337
Author(s):  
Carl-Johan Göthe
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Lymphatic System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Lung Clearance ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Quartz Dust ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT The effect of three doses of prednisolone and ACTH respectively on the weight of the body, the lungs and the hilar lymph nodes was studied on rats killed one month after the intratracheal (i.t.) injection of 50 mg of fine-particulate quartz. The prednisolone was administered via the drinking water, and the ACTH was injected intraperitoneally during the period between the i.t. injection of quartz dust and the killing of the animals. Prednisolone causes the rats to become cachectic and reduces the weight of the hilar lymph nodes. It also retards the transport of quartz dust from the lungs via the lymphatics. All these effects increase with increasing doses of prednisolone. However, its effect on the lung weight is insignificant. ACTH does not affect the body weight, but retards the weight increase of the lungs and the hilar lymph nodes. These effects increase with increasing doses of ACTH, and seem to be connected with an ability of ACTH to promote the clearance of quartz dust from the lungs and hilar lymph nodes. The method used, however, does not make it possible to differentiate quantitatively between any ACTH effects on the bronchogenie and lymphatic lung-clearance mechanisms. Available data, however, indicate that the stimulation of the dust transport from the lungs and hilar lymph nodes is, at least to some extent, related to the lymphatic system.

Melatonin Modulates Lactation by Regulating Prolactin Secretion Via Tuberoinfundibular Dopaminergic Neurons in the Hypothalamus- Pituitary System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 744-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Li ◽  
JingyaWei ◽  
Fengtao Ma ◽  
Qiang Shan ◽  
Duo Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stimulation Of

In-depth studies have identified many hormones important for controlling mammary growth and maintaining lactation. One of these is melatonin, which is synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland to regulate circadian rhythms, improve antioxidant capacity, and enhance immunity. Prolactin is secreted by the pituitary gland and is associated with the growth and development of mammary glands as well as initiation and maintenance of lactation. The hypothalamus-pituitary system, the most important endocrine system in the body, regulates prolactin secretion mainly through dopamine released from tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons. This review provides a reference for further study and describes the regulation of lactation and prolactin secretion by melatonin, primarily via the protection and stimulation of tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons.

scholarly journals Selective stimulation of the ferret abdominal vagus nerve with multi-contact nerve cuff electrodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan A. Shulgach ◽  
Dylan W. Beam ◽  
Ameya C. Nanivadekar ◽  
Derek M. Miller ◽  
Stephanie Fulton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Selective Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Cuff ◽  
Cuff Electrodes ◽  
Nerve Cuff Electrodes ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractDysfunction and diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are a major driver of medical care. The vagus nerve innervates and controls multiple organs of the GI tract and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) could provide a means for affecting GI function and treating disease. However, the vagus nerve also innervates many other organs throughout the body, and off-target effects of VNS could cause major side effects such as changes in blood pressure. In this study, we aimed to achieve selective stimulation of populations of vagal afferents using a multi-contact cuff electrode wrapped around the abdominal trunks of the vagus nerve. Four-contact nerve cuff electrodes were implanted around the dorsal (N = 3) or ventral (N = 3) abdominal vagus nerve in six ferrets, and the response to stimulation was measured via a 32-channel microelectrode array (MEA) inserted into the left or right nodose ganglion. Selectivity was characterized by the ability to evoke responses in MEA channels through one bipolar pair of cuff contacts but not through the other bipolar pair. We demonstrated that it was possible to selectively activate subpopulations of vagal neurons using abdominal VNS. Additionally, we quantified the conduction velocity of evoked responses to determine what types of nerve fibers (i.e., Aδ vs. C) responded to stimulation. We also quantified the spatial organization of evoked responses in the nodose MEA to determine if there is somatotopic organization of the neurons in that ganglion. Finally, we demonstrated in a separate set of three ferrets that stimulation of the abdominal vagus via a four-contact cuff could selectively alter gastric myoelectric activity, suggesting that abdominal VNS can potentially be used to control GI function.

Cerebral Cortex Participation in the Physiological Mechanisms of Acupuncture Stimulation: A Study by Auditory Endogenous Potentials (P300)

1998 ◽  
Vol 26 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Liang Hsieh ◽  
Tsai-Chung Li ◽  
Chien-Yu Lin ◽  
Nou-Ying Tang ◽  
Qwang-Yuen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Neuropsychological Effects ◽  
Acupuncture Stimulation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acupoint Specificity ◽  
Stimulation Of

Although acupuncture has traditionally used the acupoints formula to treat diseases, the physiological mechanisms involved and the effectiveness of therapy remain unclear. This study investigated the physiological mechanism(s) and response to acupuncture stimulation using the acupoints formula. Scalp-recorded potentials P300 were evoked by auditory stimulation of non-target and target in 13 normal adult volunteers. Latencies and amplitudes were measured. Three assessments were performed in each subject over a period of at least one week. Each assessment was divided into a control period with no acupuncture stimulation, followed by an acupuncture period and then a post-acupuncture period. Acupuncture needles were inserted into the body as follows: 1) non-acupoint: acupuncture needles were inserted 2 cm lateral to both Zusanli acupoints; 2) acupoint: acupuncture needles were inserted into both Zusanli acupoints; 3) acupoints formula: acupuncture needles were inserted into both Zusanli and Shousanli acupoints. Our results showed that both acupoint and acupoints formula assessments resulted in a significant decrease of P300 amplitudes during the acupuncture and post-acupuncture periods. However, there was significant difference in P300 amplitudes in the non-acupoint assessment during these periods. P300 changes in latencies and amplitudes were not significantly different between the acupoint assessment and the acupoints formula assessment. We concluded that acupuncture stimulation of both Zusanli acupoints resulted in a decrease of P300 amplitudes, suggesting the involvement of the cerebral cortex in sensory interaction when simultaneous sensations of the two types are received. No similar changes were observed in the non-acupoint assessment, which have been suggested to be related to so-called acupoint specificity. Results obtained using the acupoints formula were not significantly different from those using acupoints alone. These findings suggested that neuropsychological effects from stimulation of Zusanli acupoints and Shousanli acupoints are different.

scholarly journals VI. —Anaphylaxis and anaphylatoxins

1923 ◽  
Vol 211 (382-390) ◽  
pp. 273-315 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Anaphylactic Shock ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Direct Stimulation ◽  
Fundamental Conception ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stimulation Of

In the study of the phenomena of anaphylaxis there are certain points on which some measure of agreement seems to have been attained. In the case of anaphylaxis to soluble proteins, with which alone we are directly concerned in this paper, the majority of investigators probably accept the view that the condition is due to the formation of an antibody of the precipitin type. Concerning the method, however, by which the presence of this antibody causes the specific sensitiveness, the means by which its interaction with the antibody produces the anaphylactic shock, there is a wide divergence of conception. Two main currents of speculation can be discerned. One view, historically rather the earlier, and first put forward by Besredka (1) attributes the anaphylactic condition to the location of the antibody in the body cells. There is not complete unanimity among adherents of this view as to the nature of the antibody concerned, or as to the class of cells containing it which are primarily affected in the anaphylactic shock. Besredka (2) himself has apparently not accepted the identification of the anaphylactic antibody with a precipitin, but regards it as belonging to a special class (sensibilisine). He also regards the cells of the central nervous system as those primarily involved in the anaphylactic shock in the guinea-pig. Others, including one of us (3), have found no adequate reason for rejecting the strong evidence in favour of the precipitin nature of the anaphylactic antibody, produced by Doerr and Russ (4), Weil (5), and others, and have accepted and confirmed the description of the rapid anaphylactic death in the guinea-pig as due to a direct stimulation of the plain-muscle fibres surrounding the bronchioles, causing valve-like obstruction of the lumen, and leading to asphyxia, with the characteristic fixed distension of the lungs, as first described by Auer and Lewis (6), and almost simultaneously by Biedl and Kraus (7). But the fundamental conception of anaphylaxis as due to cellular location of an antibody, and of the reaction as due to the union of antigen and antibody taking place in the protoplasm, is common to a number of workers who thus differ on details.

CASE SERIES: INSTANT EFFECT OF MARMA THERAPY IN THE PAIN MANAGEMENT WSR: TO SHOULDER PAIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 08 (11) ◽  
pp. 5174-5178
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Gupta ◽  
Shalini Gupta ◽  
Pankaj Gupta ◽  
Ashok Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
District Hospital ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shoulder Joints ◽  
Shoulder Movement ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Traumatic Effect ◽  
Stimulation Of

Science of Marma known as Marma Vigyanam is a dynamic part, specially described in Sushrut samhita and other Ayurvedic classics. According to Sushrut Mamsa, Sira, Snayu, Asthi, and Sandhi, these five elements collectively present at Marma point. This is the peculiarity of Marma.1 Marmas are the vital points on the body having importance regarding surgical procedure and traumatic effect. It is also known as Ayurvedic Accupressure. In this paper, three similar cases of pain and stiffness in shoulder joints are presented, who has attended OPD of District Hospital Shivaji Nagar, Bhopal. In during the clinical examination partially restriction of shoulder movement is also recorded. The case was initially treated with Marma therapy mainly the stimulation of bilateral Bahu Marma along withAmsa Marma for instant pain management. After the treatment of about ten minutes the patient got relief in pain and stiffness and felt lightness in surrounding area of painful place. Amsa Marma manipulation can be used to give instant relief from Shoulder pain effectively.

Poecilia (Pamphorichthys) akroa, a new poeciliid species (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae) from the Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4461 (3) ◽  
pp. 438
Author(s):  
CARLOS AUGUSTO FIGUEIREDO ◽  
CRISTIANO R. MOREIRA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Sensory System ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Caudal Peduncle ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Anterior Branch ◽  
Black Blotch ◽  
A New Species

A new species, Poecilia (Pamphorichthys) akroa, is described from the Rio Tocantins drainage, Brazil. The new species differs from the remaining species of the genus by the possession of 10 or 11 pectoral-fin rays, entire preopercular ramus and posterior portion of the supraorbital ramus of the cephalic sensory system enclosed in canals, a faint longitudinal band along the body, a single gonapophysis, a homogeneous reticulate color pattern on sides of body, urogenital region of females heavily pigmented, distalmost segments of the anterior branch (4a) of the fourth gonopodial ray fused into an elongated segment turned anteriorly, subdistal segments of anterior branch (5a) of fifth gonopodial ray simple, without anterior (ventral) projections, dorsal fin with pigmentation at its distal portion and with a basal black blotch, and chromatophores more concentrated on the posterior margin of the mid-ventral scale series of the caudal peduncle and ventrolateral margin of the adjacent scales forming a series of rhombi posterior to anal fin. 

Transient Temperature Involving Oscillatory Heat Source With Application in Fretting Contact

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wen ◽  
M. M. Khonsari
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Oscillation Amplitude ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transient Temperature ◽  
Dimensionless Frequency ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Infinite Body ◽  
Fitting Method ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analytical Expressions

An analytical approach for treating problems involving oscillatory heat source is presented. The transient temperature profile involving circular, rectangular, and parabolic heat sources undergoing oscillatory motion on a semi-infinite body is determined by integrating the instantaneous solution for a point heat source throughout the area where the heat source acts with an assumption that the body takes all the heat. An efficient algorithm for solving the governing equations is developed. The results of a series simulations are presented, covering a wide range of operating parameters including a new dimensionless frequency ω¯=ωl2∕4α and the dimensionless oscillation amplitude A¯=A∕l, whose product can be interpreted as the Peclet number involving oscillatory heat source, Pe=ω¯A¯. Application of the present method to fretting contact is presented. The predicted temperature is in good agreement with published literature. Furthermore, analytical expressions for predicting the maximum surface temperature for different heat sources are provided by a surface-fitting method based on an extensive number of simulations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document