scholarly journals Association of the caprine calpastatin MspI polymorphism with growth and reproduction traits in Saanen goats

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 3023
Author(s):  
S ARDICLI ◽  
H USTUNER ◽  
O ARSLAN
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Mspi Polymorphism ◽  
Allelic Distribution ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of calpastatin (CAST) MspI polymorphism on some growth and reproduction traits, including birth weight, first breeding weight, litter size, and average daily weight gain in Saanen goats. In this sense, blood samples obtained from 73 purebred female Saanen goats were used for genotyping. Genomic DNA was isolated by the phenol-chloroform method and used to determine CAST genotypes, including MM, MN, and NN, by means of the PCR-RFLP method. The population genetic parameters were estimated based on allelic distribution and the data were statistically analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) using a general linear model (GLM). Results revealed that N allele frequency was remarkably high (0.64) and the MM genotype was not present. The frequency of the heterozygous genotype was 59.62%. Concerning ANOVA results, significant differences were found between genotypes of the CAST locus concerning birth weight (P<0.05). In this respect, animals with the NN genotype were associated with higher birth weight means (2.85±0.29 kg) compared to heterozygous animals (2.53±0.24 kg). There was no significant association between the CAST marker and any of the remaining phenotypic traits evaluated. The present results suggest that focusing on this genomic region may be particularly useful in improving birth weight in goats which can be considered as an early indicator of post-weaning animal growth and survival.

scholarly journals Effect of inbreeding on growth and reproduction traits of Beetal goats (short communication)

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sajjad Khan ◽  
A. Ali ◽  
A. U. Hyder ◽  
A. I. Chatta
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Abstract Level ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Abstract. Level of inbreeding and its effects on growth and reproductive traits were measured in Beetal goats using 4554 kidding records (1968–2004) from an experiment station in Pakistan. Level of inbreeding varied over the years; was zero in 1974 then increased 0.42% per year till 1987 when all the bucks and some of the does were replaced with unrelated animals. From 1988 till 2000, inbreeding again increased 0.21% per year and declined thereafter due to introduction of unrelated bucks. The average level of inbreeding over the years varied from zero to 7.3%. 42.7 % of all investigated animals were inbred, half of which had inbreeding greater than 6.25%. About 3.4% of animals were 25% or more inbred. Regression analysis indicated that birth weight (p<0.05), weaning weight (p<0.01) and pre-weaning daily gain (p<0.01) had improved in inbreds while post-weaning daily gain (p<0.01) deteriorated. Deterioration in weight at first service and at first kidding did not reach statistical significance. Kidding interval increased (p<0.01) due to inbreeding. Within inbreds, however, decline due to inbreeding was observed for birth, weaning and yearling weight but slopes were not different from zero, statistically. Rate of decline in weight at first service and at first kidding however, was different from zero (p<0.01). Effect of inbreeding on growth and reproductive traits in Beetal goats was not very pronounced in the flock. Planned matings are however, suggested to avoid accumulation of inbreeding and appearance of its deleterious effects.

Identification of Point Mutation in Exon 3 of Leptin Gene in Munjal Sheep

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
S.P. Dahiya ◽  
Ankit Magotra ◽  
Yogesh C. Bangar ◽  
Asha Rani Garg
Keyword(s):  
Point Mutation ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Resource Population ◽  
Candidate Mutation ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Pcr Products

Background: Leptin is a varied hormone which plays vital role in body development by regulating the balance between food intake and energy expenditure by signaling to the brain. Leptin has diverse effect on controlling appetite, energy metabolism, growth, reproduction, body composition and immunity. The present study was aimed to screen candidate point mutation (g.332G greater than A) in the targeted genomic region of leptin gene in Munjal sheep. Methods: A total of 50 Munjal sheep were selected and genomic DNA was isolated in Automated Maxell RSC DNA/ RNA purification system by using Maxwell RSC whole blood DNA kit. Reported set of primers was used to amplify 463bp fragment encompassing targeted region (exon 3) of leptin gene. PCR-RFLP was performed to genotype targeted point mutation in our resource population. PCR products were digested by Cail 1 restriction enzyme to genotype g.332G greater than A (at 332th nucleotide of exon 3 leptin gene) non-synonymous mutation (Arg to Gln). Result: All studied samples resolved into monomorphic banding pattern, revealed only AA (463bp single band bp) genotype. The absence of candidate mutation in our resource population might be due to small sample size.

scholarly journals The Role of Inferent Hormones on Gonad Maturity Index and Growth of Ambon Betok Fish (Chrysiptera cyanea)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Melani Andi ◽  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Juharni Juharni
Keyword(s):  
Fish Farming ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Fish Reproduction ◽  
Gonad Maturity ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

One type of marine ornamental fish that can be developed through cultivation is betok Ambon fish. Cultivation of this fish is quite profitable, and easy to maintain. To maintain the sustainability and sustainability of Betok Ambon fish farming, one way to take is to understand and know the growth and reproduction aspects of this type of fish through the provision of inferent hormones appropriately. Review article This aims to reveal the role of the inferent hormone on the aspects of reproduction and growth of Betok Ambon fish. Reproduction is the reproduction process in living things including Betok Ambon fish. The number of eggs produced by Betok Ambon fish varies between 900 and 3,500. Inferent hormone is one type of reproductive hormone that functions to spur and accelerate the level of gonad maturity in animals including fish. The determination of the inferent hormone dosage is based on the determination of the inferent dose in fish, generally around 10 mg - 80 mg or about 0.1 ml - 0.8 ml. Generally, fish that are given inferent hormone at a dose of 40-60 mg / l can increase the gonad maturity index by 25%, in betok Ambon fish by 30%. Inferent hormone doses around 20-40 mg can increase the growth and survival of ambon betok fish.

scholarly journals The efficacy of diuretics in complex treatment of patients with hypertension according to the Gly460Trp polymorphism of the α-adducin gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
S. A. Yermolenko ◽  
V. F. Orlovskyi ◽  
O. V. Orlovskyi ◽  
A. V. Zharkova ◽  
I. O. Moiseienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Polymorphic Locus ◽  
Polymorphic Marker ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Group I ◽  
Allelic Distribution ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of thiazide diuretics on blood pressure (BP) depending on Gly460Trp ADD1 gene polymorphism in arterial hypertension (AH) patients of the Ukrainian population in order to predict their individual treatment efficacy. Material and methods. The study included 232 persons: 120 patients with verified stage II AH and 112 healthy individuals. Restriction fragment length polymerase chain reaction (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect genotype (the Gly460Trp-polymorphic locus of the ADD1 gene). The patients received standard therapy, which included ACE inhibitor – ramipril 5 mg, calcium channel antagonist – amlodipine 5 mg, statin – atorvastatin 20 mg, acetylsalicylic acid 75 mg. The patients were randomized into two groups: group I (60 persons) additionally taking treatment with 1.5 mg of indapamide retard and group II (60 persons) – with 25 mg of hydrochlorothiazide. The dynamic reduction of blood pressure has been assessed every 4 weeks for 2 months. Results. Among 120 patients with AH, 91 persons (75.8 %) were homozygous for the G allele (GG), 26 persons (21.7 %) – heterozygous (GT) and 3 persons (2.5 %) – homozygous for the T allele (TT), while the G allele frequency in patients with hypertension was 0.87, and the T allele – 0.13. 98 healthy individuals (87.5 %) were homozygous for the G allele, 13 individuals (11.6 %) were heterozygous, and 1 person (0.9 %) was homozygous for the T allele. The carrier frequency of the G and T alleles was 0.93 and 0.07, respectively. Allelic distribution indicated the predominance of the G allele carriers by Gly460Trp polymorphism of the ADD1 gene among the Ukrainian population, regardless of whether AH symptoms were present. It is noteworthy that the number of the T allele carriers was 2 times large among symptomatic patients than that among healthy individuals. In patients with the T allele, the hypotensive efficacy of indapamide was almost 3 times higher than that in patients with the G allele. The antihypertensive effect of hydrochlorothiazide in patients with the GT and TT genotypes was 2 times greater than that in the GG genotype carriers depending on the presence of the T allele G460T polymorphism of ADD1 gene in the genotype. Conclusions. Allelic distribution indicates the predominance of the G allele carriers by Gly460Trp ADD1 gene polymorphism among the Ukrainian population, regardless of whether AH symptoms are present. Among patients with AH, the accumulation of the T allele G460T polymorphic marker of the α-adducin gene is 2 times more than that in healthy individuals. Patients carrying the T allele demonstrate 2 times higher hypotensive efficacy of indapamide compared with hydrochlorothiazide.

scholarly journals Growth and reproduction traits of white improved pigs housed in three types of pen technology

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (5-6-2) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Marcel Matta ◽  
Pavel Flak ◽  
Ivan Paska ◽  
Maros Vano
Keyword(s):  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

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scholarly journals Maternal/newborn genotype contribution of the renin–angiotensin system (Met235Thr, Thr174Met, I/D-ACE, A2350G-ACE, A1166C-AT2R1, C3123A- AT2R2, 83A/G-REN) to the risk of pre-eclampsia: a Romanian study

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Maria Procopciuc ◽  
Gabriela Caracostea ◽  
Gabriela Zaharie ◽  
Mariana Puscas ◽  
Georgiana Iordache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Maternal And Newborn ◽  
Normal Genotype

Introduction: We evaluated the association of the mutated genotypes Met235Thr-AGT, Thr174Met-AGT, I/D-ACE, A2350G-ACE, A1166C-AT2R1, C3123A-AT2R2, 83A/G-REN with the risk and outcome of pre-eclampsia; we also investigated whether genes in newborns increase maternal risk of pre-eclampsia. Materials and methods: Thirty-six pairs of pre-eclamptic women and their newborns were genotyped, along with 71 pairs of controls (mothers/newborns) using PCR-RFLP analysis. Results: The Thr235/Thr235 (OR 3.44, p = 0.01), DD (OR 2.66, p = 0.039), CC1166 (OR 5.56, p = 0.04), AA3123 (OR 3.77, p = 0.03) and GG83 (OR 8.32, p = 0.006) genotypes are significantly associated with pre-eclampsia. Women with pre-eclampsia positive for Met235Thr (34.64 ± 3.92 weeks vs. 38 ± 2 weeks), Thr174Met (32.58 ± 3.92 weeks vs. 36.38 ± 3.25 weeks), I/D (34.47 ± 3.67 weeks vs. 38.33 ± 3.5 weeks) delivered at a significant lower gestational age compared with pre-eclamptic women with a normal genotype. Newborns from women with pre-eclampsia positive for Thr174Met (2190 ± 820.21 g vs. 2702.08 ± 967.23 g), I/D (2399.33 ± 938.38 g vs. 3191.66 ± 684.40 g) had a significant lower birth weight compared with newborns from women with normal pregnancies. When both the mother and the newborn were positive for Met235Thr, I/D, A2350G, A1166C or 83A/G polymorphisms, the risk for pre-eclampsia was significantly increased at 6.67 ( p < 0.01), 5 ( p < 0.01), 3.33 ( p = 0.006), 2.72 ( p = 0.04) and 7.8 ( p < 0.01), respectively. Conclusions: The results of our study confirm that, in pre-eclampsia, both maternal and newborn genetic variations implicated in blood pressure regulation are important.

Fusarium head blight of small grains in Pennsylvania: unravelling species diversity, toxin types, growth and triazole sensitivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira R. Duffeck ◽  
Ananda Y. Bandara ◽  
Dilooshi K. Weerasooriya ◽  
Alyssa Collins ◽  
Philip J. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
The North ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Small Grains ◽  
Ascospore Production ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Fusarium graminearum is the main causal species of Fusarium head blight (FHB) globally. Recent changes in the trichothecene (toxin) types in the North American FHB pathogens support the need for continued surveillance. In this study, 461 isolates were obtained from symptomatic spikes of wheat, spelt, barley, and rye crops during 2018 and 2019. These were all identified to species and toxin types using molecular-based approaches. An additional set of 77 F. graminearum isolates obtained from overwintering crop residues during Winter 2012 were molecularly identified to toxin types. A subset of 31 F. graminearum isolates (15 15ADON and 16 3ADON) were assessed for mycelial growth, macroconidia, perithecia, and ascospore production, and sensitivity to two triazole fungicides. Ninety percent of isolates obtained from symptomatic spikes (n = 418) belonged to F. graminearum, with another four species found at a lower frequency (n = 39). F. graminearum isolates from symptomatic spikes were mainly of the 15ADON (95%), followed by 3ADON (4%), NIV (0.7%), and NX-2 (0.3%) toxin types. All F. graminearum isolates obtained from overwintering residue were of the 15ADON type. Toxin types could not be differentiated based on multivariate analysis of growth and reproduction traits. All isolates were sensitive to tebuconazole and metconazole fungicides in vitro. This study confirms the dominance of F. graminearum and suggests ecological and environmental factors that lead to similar composition of toxin types in Northern U.S. Our results are useful to assess the sustainability of FHB management practices and provide a baseline for future FHB surveys.

scholarly journals Immunocrit, colostrum intake, and preweaning body weight gain in piglets after split suckling based on birth weight or birth order1

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1460-1465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi M Morton ◽  
Austin J Langemeier ◽  
Theresa J Rathbun ◽  
Duane L Davis
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Prenatal Growth ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Improve Access ◽  
Preweaning Period

Abstract Preweaning survival and growth are compromised in litters with larger numbers of piglets. We evaluated two approaches for altering initial nursing with the goal to improve access to colostrum by groups of piglets that are known to have reduced access to colostrum. Therefore, we temporarily (1.5 h) removed either the heaviest six piglets in the litter (WT) or the first half of the piglets born (ORD) to provide a short period of nursing with reduced competition for the remaining piglets. We found that WT piglets were heavier (P ≤ 0.05) at 7 d after farrowing and gained more body weight (BW) from farrowing to day 7 than control (CON) piglets which were raised in litters with ad libitum nursing during the same period. Further, we found that the heaviest piglets consumed more (P &lt; 0.001) colostrum and gained more (P &lt; 0.001) BW during the preweaning period but did not have (P &gt; 0.10) greater immunocrits. Although ORD piglets had similar colostrum intake, immunocrits, and preweaning weights as controls, we found that overall the piglets born in the first half of litters had greater (P &lt; 0.01) immunocrits than piglets born in the last half of the litter. Therefore, both birth weight and birth order have effects on traits that are important for prenatal growth and survival, but they differ in that birth weight is more closely related to colostrum intake and birth order affects immunocrit.

Comparative farrowing to weaning performance in Meishan and Large White pigs and their crosses

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. Lee ◽  
C. S. Haley
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Large White ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Probability Of Survival ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Breed Differences

AbstractGrowth and survival from birth to weaning were monitored during three generations of crossbreeding between British Large White (LW) and Chinese Meishan (MS) pigs. The design allowed comparisons between sow genotypes ranging from zero to all MS genes, which were mated toLWor MS boars, to produce progeny with proportions of 0·0 to 0·5 or 0·5 to 1·0 MS genes, respectively. Crossbreeding parameters of both maternal and direct piglet performance were estimated for the first two parities using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) methods for litter traits (litter weight at birth, litter mean and within litter standard deviation of piglet weight at birth, proportion surviving to weaning, litter size and weight at weaning and litter mean piglet weight at weaning) and for traits of the piglet (birth weight, probability of survival and weaning weight). For litter traits, the estimated contribution of the additive maternal effect to the breed differences (MS-LW) was significant for litter mean piglet birth weight (–0·46 (s.e. 0·04) kg), survival to weaning (0·15 (s.e. 0·02)), litter size at weaning (1·6 (s.e. 0·16) piglets), litter weaning weight (–11·2 (s.e. 3·8) kg) and litter mean piglet weaning weight (2·54 (s.e. 0·24) kg). Adding litter size and litter mean piglet birth weight to the model removed the additive maternal contribution to the breed differences in survival, and litter size and reduced that for litter mean piglet weaning weight. The contribution of the direct additive effect to the breed difference (MS-LW) was significant for the within litter standard deviation in birth weight (0·018 (s.e. 0·006)), survival to weaning (0·12 (s.e. 0·02)) and litter size (1·12 (s.e. 0·64)) and weight (11·6 (s.e. 4·0) kg) at weaning, but not for piglet weight at birth or weaning. Fitting litter size and litter mean birth weight had comparatively little impact on the direct additive effects. There were significant maternal heterosis effects for litter weight at birth and litter size and weight at weaning, the estimated deviation of the F1 from the midpoint of the two purebreds 3·22 (s.e. 0·55) kg, 2·20 (s.e. 0·47) piglets, and 20·1 (s.e. 3·3) kg respectively, but none for survival or piglet weights. There were direct heterosis effects for litter weight and litter mean piglet weights, the estimated deviation of the Fjfrom the mid point of the two purebreds being 1·16 (s.e. 0·41) kg and 0·14 (s.e. 0·02) kg, for survival to weaning (0·04 (s.e. 0·02)) and for litter weight (11·2 (s.e. 2·5) kg) and litter mean piglet weight (0·96 (s.e. 0·17) kg) at weaning. Fitting litter size and litter mean piglet birth weight removed or reduced both maternal and direct heterosis effects. Individual piglet analyses gave similar results to analyses of the equivalent sow trait. It was concluded that in litters born to MS cows, the lower piglet survival and lower weaning weights were related to the larger litter sizes and lower piglet birth weights. For their birth weight, however, MS piglets have a greater ability to survive and thrive. The large direct and maternal heterosis effects observed for litter and mean piglet weight at weaning werepartly associated with the heavier birth weight of the crossbred piglet.

Relation of porcine myogenin gene PCR/RFLP MspI and reproduction traits of the Czech Large White sows

2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Humpolíček ◽  
T. Urban ◽  
Z. Tvrdoň
Keyword(s):  
Large White ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Reproduction Traits
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