Shark fisheries in the Southeast Pacific: A 61-year analysis from Peru

Peruvian waters exhibit high conservation value for sharks. This contrasts with a lag in initiatives for their management and a lack of studies about their biology, ecology and fishery. We investigated the dynamics of Peruvian shark fishery and its legal framework identifying information gaps for recommending actions to improve management. Further, we investigated the importance of the Peruvian shark fishery from a regional perspective. From 1950 to 2010, 372,015 tons of sharks were landed in Peru. From 1950 to 1969, we detected a significant increase in landings; but from 2000 to 2011 there was a significant decrease in landings, estimated at 3.5% per year. Six species represented 94% of landings: blue shark (Prionace glauca), shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), smooth hammerhead (Sphyrna zygaena), common thresher (Alopias vulpinus), smooth-hound (Mustelus whitneyi) and angel shark (Squatina californica). Of these, the angel shark exhibits a strong and significant decrease in landings: 18.9% per year from 2000 to 2010. Peru reports the highest accumulated historical landings in the Pacific Ocean; but its contribution to annual landings has decreased since 1968. Still, Peru is among the top 12 countries exporting shark fins to the Hong Kong market. Although the government collects total weight by species, the number of specimens landed as well as population parameters (e.g. sex, size and weight) are not reported. Further, for some genera, species-level identification is deficient and so overestimates the biomass landed by species and underestimates the species diversity. Recently, regional efforts to regulate shark fishery have been implemented to support the conservation of sharks but in Peru work remains to be done

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Shark fisheries in the Southeast Pacific: A 61-year analysis from Peru

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.4412.2 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 164 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Adriana Gonzalez-Pestana ◽

Carlos Kouri J. ◽

Ximena Velez-Zuazo

Keyword(s):

Legal Framework ◽

Species Level ◽

Population Parameters ◽

Blue Shark ◽

Shortfin Mako ◽

The Pacific ◽

High Conservation ◽

The Pacific Ocean ◽

The Government ◽

Level Identification

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Taxonomy and biogeography of Molgolaimus Ditlevsen, 1921 (Nematoda: Chromadoria) with reference to the origins of deep sea nematodes

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102006000034 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 23-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Gustavo Fonseca ◽

Ann Vanreusel ◽

Wilfrieda Decraemer

Keyword(s):

Deep Sea ◽

Tail Length ◽

Species Level ◽

Weddell Sea ◽

Similar Species ◽

Disturbed Areas ◽

The Pacific ◽

Morphometric Features ◽

Total Community ◽

The Pacific Ocean

Molgolaimus is a genus of free-living marine nematodes which is found in high densities (10–35% of the total community) up to 2000 m depth. Its occurrence is often associated with organically enriched and recently disturbed areas. Currently, only 16 species have been described, mainly from shallow waters. The present study contributes 17 new species mainly from the Weddell Sea but also from the Pacific Ocean, and provides an illustrated polytomous identification key to species level. The 33 Molgolaimus species described can be identified based on just a few morphometric features: spicule length, body length, anal body diameter, tail length and pharynx length. A first insight into the biogeography of this deep sea genus at species level is presented. A comparison of morphometric characteristics between species suggests that the most similar species co-occur in the same geographical region, rather than within the same bathymetric zones or similar ecosystems separated over long distances. These observations suggest that deep sea nematodes may not have a common origin but might have derived “recently” from shallow water taxa. Therefore, global distribution of nematodes could be explained by means of palaeogeographical events.

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Implementation of Act No. 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping to Support Passenger Safety

KnE Social Sciences ◽

10.18502/kss.v5i1.8280 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Febriansyah .

Keyword(s):

Transportation Services ◽

Passenger Transportation ◽

Passenger Safety ◽

The Pacific ◽

Australian Continent ◽

Sea Transportation ◽

The Indian Ocean ◽

The Pacific Ocean ◽

The Government ◽

Ship Safety

Indonesia is located between two oceans, the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and two continents, the Asian Continent and the Australian Continent. Indonesia is also a maritime country, where and the oceans are wider than the land. Therefore with sea transportation a major consideration, it is only natural that the government pays attention to all matters relating to this sector, especially in terms of security and safety. This study considers the safety of maritime passenger transportation and the effectiveness of the existing regulations, namely Act No. 17 of 2008. This study is based on research into the case of PT. ASDP Ferry, Singkil Branch. The main conclusions that can be drawn from the writing of this research is that Act No. 17 of 2008 also includes the legal (as well as physical) protection for users of sea transportation services. The parties who are legally responsible, namely the harbormaster, captain, crew, company, NTSC, and also the Shipping Court in this case must continue to optimize their functions and continuously optimize their resources for shipping safety and security and also complement shipping support facilities. Keywords: Ship, Safety, Passenger

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Age validation of the blue shark (Prionace glauca) in the eastern Pacific Ocean

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf16054 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 1130 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

R. J. David Wells ◽

Natalie Spear ◽

Suzanne Kohin

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Eastern Pacific ◽

Age And Growth ◽

Eastern Pacific Ocean ◽

Blue Shark ◽

Deposition Rates ◽

Prionace Glauca ◽

The Pacific ◽

The Pacific Ocean ◽

Band Pair

The blue shark (Prionace glauca) is subjected to high levels of fishery catch and by-catch worldwide; thus, knowledge of their productivity and population status is vital, yet basic assumptions of band-pair deposition rates in vertebrae used for age and growth models are being made without direct validation studies in the Pacific Ocean. As such, the purpose of the present study was to validate vertebral band-deposition rates of blue sharks tagged and recaptured in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Vertebrae of 26 blue sharks marked with oxytetracycline (OTC) were obtained from tag–recapture activities to determine timing of centrum growth-band deposition. Results from band counts distal to the OTC mark on each vertebra indicated that a single band pair (1 translucent and 1 opaque) is formed per year for blue sharks ranging from 1 to 8 years of age. Length–frequency modal analysis was also used to obtain growth estimates from a dataset spanning 26 years of research and commercial catch data. Results provide support for annual band-pair deposition in blue shark vertebrae and will aid in future blue shark age and growth studies in the Pacific Ocean.

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Political Cartography in the Tokugawa Period

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.106 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Fumiko Sugimoto

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

International Society ◽

Considerable Change ◽

Military Organizations ◽

The Pacific ◽

Tokugawa Period ◽

The Pacific Ocean ◽

Village Communities ◽

The Government ◽

Financial Base

When the coalition government composed of the Tokugawa shoguns and daimyō set about to give visual expression to the entire territory under its rule, it chose to produce enormous hand-drawn maps of each of Japan’s provinces, which corresponded to administrative spatial divisions that had been established by the government in the ancient period on the model of China. These maps followed the example of political maps being produced in China at the time, and systematically deployed icons representing a centralized order based on administrative and military organizations were embedded in the landscape and topography of the provinces. While basing itself on the style of Chinese political maps, the shogunate devised its own distinctive methods of spatial representation. Countless villages, corresponding to the primary financial base for the shoguns and daimyō, were inserted in the form of geometrical icons into the hierarchical order of provinces and their subdivisions in the form of districts. Recorded on each of these village icons were the village’s official name and its official rice yield as agreed on by the shogun and daimyō. In addition, the shogunate did its utmost to gain a fresh grasp of the borders of each province. The shoguns and daimyō were able to produce such maps because the leaders of local village communities possessed the knowledge and surveying techniques that made it possible for them to submit maps able to meet the demands of the shogun and daimyō. In the eighteenth century, the eighth shogun created a hand-drawn map of Japan by combining these provincial maps. But around the same time, from the eighteenth century onwards, the world of the Pacific Ocean surrounding Japan was undergoing considerable change. There arose a need for reliable coastal maps that could be shown to Western nations. For Japan, making this kind of map available to international society meant asserting the extent of its national territory. Amidst attempts to find ways to build a modern form of national territory and moves to represent it visually to international society, maps of Japan’s national territory, different from provincial maps and past maps of Japan, were beginning to take shape. The driving force behind the creation of these new maps was a private intellectual’s desire for knowledge, while those who accurately understood the meaning of making public maps of national territory in the context of the international situation in the nineteenth century and made the shogunate face the implications of this were not the shogun’s senior statesmen but intellectuals and technical experts employed at the shogunate’s institute for Western studies. The shogunate exhibited a new woodblock-printed map of Japan at the 1867 International Exposition in Paris and presented copies to leading figures in Europe. The shogunate wished to proclaim to Europe that he himself was Japan’s ruler. But after Tokugawa Yoshinobu, the fifteenth and last shogun, surrendered his position as shogun and was defeated in battle, the political order centered on the Tokugawa family finally collapsed.

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SEGITIGA TERUMBU KARANG DUNIA (THE CORAL TRIANGLE): MANFAAT, MASALAH DAN UPAYA

Jurnal Dinamika Global ◽

10.36859/jdg.v6i01.405 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Dadang Ilham Kurniawan Mujiono ◽

Jusmalia Oktaviani

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Literature Review ◽

Marine Biodiversity ◽

Coral Triangle ◽

The Pacific ◽

The World ◽

The Pacific Ocean ◽

Descriptive Approach ◽

The Government ◽

Fishing Practices

The coral triangle is the epicenter of marine biodiversity in the world which located in the eastern part of Southeast Asia and the western part of the Pacific Ocean. Despite the benefit of this area, the coral triangle also faces unsustainable fishing practices called Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU). This paper is aiming to provide the benefit of the coral triangle, and the efforts to overcome the problem that occurs in this area. To analyze this paper, the authors applied a descriptive approach, and most of the data obtained through literature review. And the result shows that the coral triangle is very beneficial to the countries in this area. Furthermore, to protect these precious natural resources from IUU, the government in this area decided to work together to overcome through the establishment of a multilateral partnership The Coral Triangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI)

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“Dancing with apocalypse”: The impacts of climate change on livelihood of Tuvalu - Polynesia / “Dançando com o apocalypse”: Os impactos das mudanças climáticas para subsistência em Tuvalu - Polinésia

Revista Brasileira de Planejamento e Desenvolvimento ◽

10.3895/rbpd.v6n1.5172 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 97

Author(s):

Meredian Alam

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Local Community ◽

Contaminated Water ◽

Community Members ◽

The Pacific ◽

Rapid Destruction ◽

The Pacific Ocean ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact ◽

Impacts Of Climate Change

For community living in Least Developing Countries (LDC) climate change has imposed recent pressure on the locals. The impact it causes is also exacerbated by the inadequate infrastructure and regional policy in those countries. With the focus of interest in the case of Tuvalu, one of LDCs located in Western Oceania which clearly encounters rapid destruction due to climatic events, this paper presents the natural changes and living conditions of Tuvaluan inhabitants. Those calamities are caused predominantly by sea-level rise, warmer temperatures, unprecedented cyclones and contaminated water. Benchmarked with other small islands stretching across the Pacific Ocean, the finding demonstrates that Tuvalu has ignoredinternational concerns due to its critical situations that are causedby the government and local community members.

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