scholarly journals Urinary Tract Infections and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Patterns of Uropathogens Isolated from Diabetic and Non-diabetic Patients Attending Some Hospitals in Awka

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-91
Author(s):  
Ekwealor Chito Clare ◽  
Alaribe Oluchi Juliet ◽  
Ogbukagu Chioma Maureen ◽  
Alaribe James Romeo ◽  
Kyrian-Ogbonna Evelyn Ada
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary Tract Infections in Patients with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Etiology, Resistance to Antibacterial Chemicals and Virulence Features

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihaela Magdalena Mitache ◽  
Carmen Curutiu ◽  
Elena Rusu ◽  
Ramona Bahna ◽  
Mara Ditu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Diabetes Patients

One of the most frequent chronic complications occurred in diabetes patients are the urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to investigate the incidence of UTIs in a cohort of 93 (47 males: 46 females) diabetic patients, the prevalence of different microbial species involved and their virulence and antibiotic resistance profiles. The identification of the uropathogenic strains in the positive urine samples was performed using conventional methods and API tests. After identification, the antibiotic susceptibility profiles were established by the standardized disk diffusion method and double disk diffusion test was performed for the confirmation of ESBL and inducible AmpC b �lactamase phenotypes. The isolated strains were tested for the production of different cell associated and soluble virulence factors, i.e.: bacterial adherence to cellular substrata (HeLa cells), hemolysins (hemolysis spot, CAMP-like), amylase, caseinase, aesculin hydrolysis, DNA-ase, lipase and lecithinase. In the analyzed group, the total prevalence of UTIs was of 46%, a higher incidence being observed in the female patients (64%). Similar to other studies, the etiology of UTI in the investigated diabetes patients was dominated by E. coli, followed by Klebsiella sp. strains. The isolated strains preserved good susceptibility rates to quinolones and aminoglycosides and revealed important virulence features, related to their capacity to colonize the cellular substratum and to produce soluble virulence factors involved in persistence, colonization and progression of the infectious process. The high percentage of beta-lactam resistant strains (including carbapenem-resistant ones) requires careful surveillance of the dynamics of susceptibility profiles for limiting the emergence of these strains in community.

scholarly journals Management of urinary tract infections in children: antimicrobial sensitivity pattern, efficacy and pharmacoeconomics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1361
Author(s):  
Nikhil S. Yadav ◽  
Swanand S. Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Renal Scarring ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Sensitivity Report ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections are commonly seen in febrile children, high incidence of Vesico Ureteral Reflux (VUR) is frequently seen in paediatric patient which is of concern as it may lead to renal scarring. Despite presence of established clinical guidelines there is disparity amongst physician in the diagnosis and treatment of UTI, some physician prescribes taking into consideration the symptoms, some prescribe on the basis of smell and colour and some rely on urine culture and sensitivity report. There is dearth of studies in many tertiary health care centers regarding antimicrobial use. Authors conducted this study to evaluate antimicrobial sensitivity pattern, efficacy and cost effectiveness of antimicrobials used for UTI in children.Methods: Patients of urinary tract infection <13 years of age were included in the study. Symptoms of patient i.e. pain in abdomen, haematuria, increased frequency of urination and degree of fever were recorded. Efficacy was measured through calculating degree of defervescence per hour. Cost effective model was prepared by calculating cost effective ratio i.e. dividing cost of antimicrobial required to bring down the fever and degree through which fever came down.Results: E. coli was the most common pathogen isolated from urine positive culture (69.07%). Nitrofurantoin has shown highest sensitivity to all uropathogens (72.73%). Cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin were found to be most cost effective.Conclusions: In this current study authors found E coli is the most common uropathogen isolated. Ceftriaxone, cefixime, cotrimoxazole and amikacin were found to be most efficacious. Cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin were found to be most cost effective.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic detection of extended spectrum β-lactamases among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from type 2 diabetic patients with urinary tract infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-504
Author(s):  
Souad Youssouf Kani Elmi ◽  
Medhat Saber Ashour ◽  
Fathy Zakaria Alsewy ◽  
Nashwa Fawzy Abd El Moez Azzam
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: T2DM patients are more likely to have UTIs caused by resistant organisms such as ESBLs producing bacteria. Challenging reliable identification and prompt characterization of in-vitro susceptibilities of these bacteria are the first steps of deciding the appropriate antimicrobial therapy for UTIs caused by them. Objectives: To isolate and identify E. coli and K. pneumoniae from urine of T2DM patients with UTIs, to determine antibiotic resistance pattern among isolates, and to identify ESBLs production phenotypically and genotypically. Material and method: All samples were cultured on Cystine-Lactose-Electrolyte-Deficient Agar medium (CLED) by using calibrated loop. Growth of 100 colonies or more, i.e. 105 colony forming units (CFU)/mL urine was considered as signifi- cant bacteriuria. Isolation and identification were done according to standard method. All isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility testing by the disc diffusion method according to CLSI guidelines. Phenotypic detection of ESBLs was done by double-disk synergy test. Genotypic detection of blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes by using PCR. Results: Results of this study showed that E. coli and K. pneumoniae were the dominant bacterial isolates, they constituted 103 (91.2%) out of 113 urine isolates. E. coli (58. 4%) K. pneumoniae (32.7%), Enterococcus spp. (4.4%), Proteus spp. (2.7%) and Pseu- domonas spp. (1.8%). About 25 (24.3%) out of 103 E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were ESBLs positive by DDST, and 22 (88.0%) out of them had ESBLs encoding genes by conventional PCR. The most common gene detected was blaTEM (59.1%), followed by blaSHV (27.3%). CTX-M had not been detected in any of testes isolates. Conclusion: blaTEM and blaSHV genes were detected in 22 out of 25 ESBLs producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates phenotypically detected by DDST. blaTEM was found to be the predominant gene (59.1%), while blaCTX-Mene was not detected in any of tested isolates. Keywords: Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Urinary tract infections; Phenotypic; genotypic methods.

scholarly journals The occurrence of urinary tract infection and determinant factors among diabetic patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, South Wollo, Northeast Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110606
Author(s):  
Betelhem Walelgn ◽  
Mehd Abdu ◽  
Prem Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
P Value ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Khat Chewer

Introduction: Diabetic patients have a higher tendency of developing all infections, especially infections of the genitourinary tract. Urinary tract infections cause considerable disorders in diabetic patients, and if complicated, can cause renal failure. In Ethiopia, the magnitude of diabetes mellitus-associated urinary tract infections increased from 7.1% in 2005 to 33.9% in 2019. The successful management of patients suffering from urinary tract infections in diabetic patients depends upon the identification of risk factors. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and factors affecting the urinary tract infections among diabetic patients which enable professionals to prevent infections and manage them effectively. Methods: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 365 diabetic patients selected by systematic sampling technique from March to April 2020. Data were collected by trained BSc nurses via face-to-face interview and patient chart review. Urine microscopy was done to diagnose urinary tract infections. Data were coded and entered using Epi data version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package of Social Sciences version 26 for analysis. Variables with p-value < 0.25 in bivariable logistic regression were included multivariable logistic regression and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The magnitude of urinary tract infections was 22.3% (95% confidence interval: 18–27). The odds of being infected by urinary tract infections were significantly higher in diabetic females (adjusted odds ratio: 2.46; 95% confidence interval: 1.40–4.32), duration of diabetes mellitus diagnosis of ⩾5 years (adjusted odds ratio: 1.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.05–3.72), with comorbidity (adjusted odds ratio: 4.87; 95% confidence interval: 2.76–8.59) and khat chewer (adjusted odds ratio: 1.84; 95% confidence interval: 1.04–3.24) compared with their counter. Conclusion and recommendation: Urinary tract infections were high among diabetic patients. Predictors like sex, duration of diagnosis, comorbidity, and khat chewer were found to be associated with urinary tract infections. Improvement of the regular screening of patients with diabetes mellitus for urinary tract infections will provide more effective measures in prevention and management.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors of Urinary Tract Infections among Adult Diabetic Patients at Metu Karl Heinz Referral Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Gutema ◽  
Fitsum Weldegebreal ◽  
Dadi Marami ◽  
Zelalem Teklemariam
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Southwest Ethiopia ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection causes considerable morbidity in diabetic patients and if complicated, can cause severe renal damage and life-threatening infections. The escalating antimicrobial resistance rate among bacteria over the past years is another concern in the treatment of urinary tract infections. This study investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates and associated factors of urinary tract infection among adult diabetic patients attending Metu Karl Heinz Referral Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 233 adult diabetic patients selected using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Clean-catch midstream urine samples were investigated for the presence of pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern using recommended culture methods. Data were entered, cleaned, and analyzed using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences version 21.0. Statistical significance was set at ap-value < 0.05. The prevalence of urinary tract infection was 16.7% (95%, CI: 12.0, 21.5). The predominant isolates wereEscherichia coli(25.6%) andKlebsiellaspp. (20.5%).E. coliisolates showed higher sensitivity to ceftriaxone (80%), ciprofloxacin (70%), and gentamycin (70%), but resistant to tetracycline (60%).Staphylococcus aureuswas sensitive to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (85.7%), and gentamycin (57.1%), while resistant to tetracycline (85.7%), nitrofurantoin (85.7%), and ampicillin (71.4%). The odds of developing urinary tract infections were significantly higher in diabetic females (AOR: 3.56, 95% CI: 1.44, 8.76), those who were not able to read and write (AOR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.19, 5.49) and those with a history of urinary tract infection (AOR: 2.31, 95% CI: 1.09, 4.90) compared with their counterparts. In this study, the prevalence of urinary tract infection among diabetic patients was relatively comparable with the previous studies conducted in Ethiopia. Management of urinary tract infection in diabetic patients should be supported with culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

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